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Neural lineage differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells:Advances in disease modeling

World Journal of stem Cells 2023年第6期15卷 530-545页

作者： Yuan-Wei Yan eddie s qian Lauren E Woodard Julie Bejoy Waisman Center University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWI 53705United States Nephrology and Hypertension Vanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTN 37232United States Department of Medicine Vanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTN 37232United States Department of Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare SystemNashvilleTN 37232United States Biomedical Engineering Vanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTN 37232United States

Brain diseases affect 1 in 6 people worldwide.These diseases range from acute neurological conditions such as stroke to chronic neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease.Recent advancements in tissue-engineered brain disease models have overcome many of the different shortcomings associated with the various animal models,tissue culture models,and epidemiologic patient data that are commonly used to study brain disease.One innovative method by which to model human neurological disease is via the directed differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells(hPsCs)to neural lineages including neurons,astrocytes,and oligodendrocytes.Three-dimensional models such as brain organoids have also been derived from hPsCs,offering more physiological relevance due to their incorporation of various cell types.As such,brain organoids can better model the pathophysiology of neural diseases observed in patients.In this review,we will emphasize recent developments in hPsC-based tissue culture models of neurological disorders and how they are being used to create neural disease models.

关键词： Induced pluripotent stem cells Astrocytes Oligodendrocytes Microglia Brain organoids Assembloids

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Temperature-induced Evolution of Micro-structure and Chain Dynamics in Thermoplastic Polyurethane with Low Hard segment Content as studied by In situ synchrotron sAXs and Time-Domain NMR Experiments

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Chinese Journal of Polymer science 2023年第12期41卷 1902-1911,I0008页

作者： Hong-Ru Wang Victor Litvinov Wei Yu Kar Wee eddie Peh qian-Li Yu Yong-Feng Men state Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry Changchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesChangchun 130022China school of Applied Chemistry and Engineering University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China BAsF Polyurethane specialties(China)Co.Ltd. Shanghai 200137China V.Lit.Consult Gozewijnstraat 46191 WV Beekthe Netherlands

The microstructural evolution of a thermoplastic polyurethane(TPU)with low hard segment content has been monitored utilizing in situ real-time synchrotron small angle X-ray scattering(sAXs)and time-domain nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)measurements.The TPU is composed of 23 wt% of[4,4-methylenediphenyl diisocyanate(MDI)]-[1,4-butanediol(BD)]chain segments,which form hard domains,as[polytetrahydrofuran(PTHF)]forming soft domains.The number and distribution of monomer units in hard blocks is determined by the successive self-nucleation and annealing thermal fractionation technique.In situ sAXs method reveals heating-induced increase in the spacing of hard and soft domains,while time-domain ^(1)H-NMR characterizes the changes in the phase composition and chain dynamics in these domains.A glassy fraction of short MDI-BD chain segments in hard domains passes through T_(g) above ambient temperature.At higher temperatures,MDI-BD nanocrystals start to melt.sequence length distribution of MDI-BD chain segments causes a distribution in crystal sizes and wide melting temperature range.The melting is accompanied by the mixing of MDI-BD with PTHF segments in soft domains,and by increase in segmental mobility in these domains.Above 180℃,the TPU melt is homogeneous on the scale above nanometers according to sAXs data.

关键词： Phase separation Thermoplastic polyurethane Melting behavior Time-domain NMR sAXs

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