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现代制造 2024年第S2期 30-31页

作者： Julius Tschopel Mitschel Polte Bernfried Fleiner Clemens Dicke eckart uhlman 不详

柏林工业大学IWF研究所的科学家开发了一种旨在优化陶瓷切削加工的超声波辅助铣削的HSK-40空心锥柄。这一研发项目开发也是大有原因的:这种材料的切削加工越来越成为制造业关注的焦点。

关键词：切削加工锥柄超声波辅助研发项目制造业 HSK 铣削

THE SUPREME COURT OF JUSTICE OF THE REPUBLIC OF AUSTRIA

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Frontiers of Law in China-Selected Publications from Chinese Universities 2015年第3期10卷 402-427页

作者： eckart Ratz eckart Ratz President of The Supreme Court of Justice of the Republic of Austria.

The aim of this article is to give an overview of the tasks and the function of the Supreme Court of Justice in interaction with the other two ＂Highest Courts＇＂ of the Republic of Austria on the one hand, and the European Court of Human Rights as well as the Court of Justice of the European Union on the other hand. For this purpose introductory remarks will examine the Austrian understanding of the judiciary as a state power and judicial independence. The closing part of the article will particularly look into the role of the Supreme Court as highest instance in criminal matters.

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Simulating the evolution of a clonal trait in plants with sexual and vegetative reproduction

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2008年第3期1卷 161-171页

作者： Markus Fischer eckart Winkler Bernhard Schmid Institute of Plant Sciences University of BernAltenbergrain 21CH-3013 BernSwitzerland Institute for Biochemistry and Biology University of PotsdamMaulbeerallee 1D-14469 PotsdamGermany Department of Ecological Modelling Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research UFZPO Box 500135D-04301 LeipzigGermany Institute of Environmental Sciences University of ZurichWinterthurerstrasse 190CH-8057 ZurichSwitzerland

Aims Phenotypic optimality models neglect ***,especially when heterozygous genotypes are fittest,evolving allele,genotype and phenotype frequencies may not correspond to predicted *** was not previously addressed for organisms with complex life *** Therefore,we modelled the evolution of a fitness-relevant trait of clonal plants,stolon internode *** explored the likely case of an asymmetric unimodal fitness profile with three model *** constant selection models(CSMs),which are gametic,but not spatially explicit,evolving allele frequencies in the one-locus and fiveloci cases did not correspond to optimum stolon internode length predicted by the spatially explicit,but not gametic,phenotypic *** deviation was due to the asymmetry of the fitness ***,spatially explicit individual-based(SEIB)modeling allowed us relaxing the CSM assumptions of constant selection with exclusively sexual *** findings For entirely vegetative or sexual reproduction,predictions of the gametic SEIB model were close to the ones of spatially explicit nongametic phenotypic models,but for mixed modes of reproduction they approximated those of gametic,not spatially explicit ***,in contrast to gametic SEIB models,phenotypic models and,especially for few loci,also CSMs can be very *** conclude that the evolution of traits governed by few quantitative trait loci appears hardly predictable by simple models,that genetic algorithms aiming at technical optimization may actually miss the optimum and that selection may lead to loci with smaller effects in derived compared with ancestral lines.

关键词： clonal plants ecological and evolutionary modelling genetic variation life-history evolution optimal life histories simulation model

Effective Seed Distribution Pattern of an Upward Shift Species in Alpine Tundra of Changbai Mountains

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Chinese Geographical Science 2016年第1期26卷 48-58页

作者： ZONG Shengwei XU Jiawei eckart DEGE WU Zhengfang HE Hongshi School of Geographical Sciences Northeast Normal University Geography Institution Kiel University School of Natural Resources University of Missouri

The vegetation of alpine tundra in the Changbai Mountains has experienced great changes in recent decades. Narrowleaf small reed(Deyeuxia angustifolia), a perennial herb from the birch forest zone had crossed the tree line and invaded into the alpine tundra zone. To reveal the driven mechanism of D. angustifolia invasion, there is an urgent need to figure out the effective seed distribution pattern, which could tell us where the potential risk regions are and help us to interpret the invasion process. In this study, we focus on the locations of the seeds in the soil layer and mean to characterize the effective seed distribution pattern of D. angustifolia. The relationship between the environmental variables and the effective seed distribution pattern was also assessed by redundancy analysis. Results showed that seeds of D. angustifolia spread in the alpine tundra with a considerable number(mean value of 322 per m2). They were mainly distributed in the low elevation areas with no significant differences in different slope positions. Effective seed number(ESN) occurrences of D. angustifolia were different in various plant communities. Plant communities with lower canopy cover tended to have more seeds of D. angustifolia. Our research indicated reliable quantitative information on the extent to which habitats are susceptible to invasion.

关键词： plant invasion effective seed number (ESN) alpine tundra Changbai Mountains

EDISON-WMW: Exact Dynamic Programing Solution of the Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney Test

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Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics 2016年第1期14卷 55-61页

作者： Alexander Marx Christina Backes eckart Meese Hans-Peter Lenhof Andreas Keller Chair for Clinical Bioinformatics Medical Faculty Saarland University Department of Human Genetics Saarland University University Hospital Chair for Bioinformatics Saarland University

In many research disciplines, hypothesis tests are applied to evaluate whether findings are statistically significant or could be explained by chance. The Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney （WMW） test is among the most popular hypothesis tests in medicine and life science to analyze if two groups of samples are equally distributed. This nonparametric statistical homogeneity test is commonly applied in molecular diagnosis. Generally, the solution of the WMW test takes a high combinatorial effort for large sample cohorts containing a significant number of ties. Hence, P value is frequently approximated by a normal distribution. We developed EDISON-WMW, a new approach to calcu- late the exact permutation of the two-tailed unpaired WMW test without any corrections required and allowing for ties. The method relies on dynamic programing to solve the combinatorial problem of the WMW test efficiently. Beyond a straightforward implementation of the algorithm, we pre- sented different optimization strategies and developed a parallel solution. Using our program, the exact P value for large cohorts containing more than 1000 samples with ties can be calculated within minutes. We demonstrate the performance of this novel approach on randomly-generated data, benchmark it against 13 other commonly-applied approaches and moreover evaluate molec- ular biomarkers for lung carcinoma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD）. We foundthat approximated P values were generally higher than the exact solution provided by EDISON- WMW. Importantly, the algorithm can also be applied to high-throughput omics datasets, where hundreds or thousands of features are included. To provide easy access to the multi-threaded version of EDISON-WMW, a web-based solution of our algorithm is freely available at http：// ***/software/wtest/.

关键词： Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitneytest:Wilcoxon rank-sum test Dynamic programing Exact permutation Parallel optimization

The Two-Component Majorana Equation-Novel Derivations and Known Symmetries

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Journal of Modern Physics 2011年第10期2卷 1109-1114页

作者： eckart Marsch 不详

We revisit the two-component Majorana equation and derive it in a new form by linearizing the relativistic dispersion relation of a massive particle, in a way similar to that used to derive the Dirac equation. We are using thereby the Pauli spin matrices, corresponding to an irreducible representation of the Lorentz group, and a lucid and transparent algebraic approach exploiting the newly introduced spin-flip operator. Thus we can readily build up the Majorana version of the Dirac equation in its chiral representation. The Lorentz-invariant complex conjugation operation involves the spin-flip operator, and its connection to chiral symmetry is discussed. The eigenfunctions of the Majorana equation are calculated in a concise way.

关键词： Dirac Equation Majorana Equation Charge Conjugation Chiral Symmetry

A Real Version of the Dirac Equation and Its Coupling to the Electromagnetic Field

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Journal of Modern Physics 2015年第1期6卷 1-11页

作者： eckart Marsch Institute for Experimental and Applied Physics Christian Albrechts University at Kiel Kiel Germany

A real version of the Dirac equation is derived and its coupling to the electromagnetic field considered. First the four-component real Majorana equation is briefly discussed. Then the complex Dirac equation including an electromagnetic field will be written as an eight-component real spinor equation by separating it into its real and imaginary parts. Through this decomposition, what becomes obvious is the way in which the electromagnetic field couples to charged fermions (electron and positron) when being described by real spinor fields. Thus, contrary to common expectation, charged fermions can also be described by a real Dirac equation if they are considered as a doublet related to the SO(2) symmetry group, which enables a matrix coupling to the electromagnetic field and corresponds to the usual U(1) gauge symmetry of the standard Dirac equation.

关键词： Dirac Equation Coupling to Electromagnetic Field Real Field Equation

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涡场中黏附性颗粒团聚体粒径分布的预测

工程热物理学报 2022年第2期43卷 414-418页

作者：赵昆鹏 Meiburg eckart 白博峰西安交通大学动力工程多相流国家重点实验室西安710049 美国加州大学圣巴巴拉分校机械工程系圣巴巴拉CA93106

黏附性颗粒团聚现象在自然界和工业界普遍存在,扰动流场中黏附性颗粒间的碰撞、摩擦和吸附等动力学行为,导致团聚体形态不断演化,准确预测黏附性颗粒团聚体的粒径分布是调控颗粒团聚过程的重要前提。本文通过二维泰勒格林涡场中黏附性... 详细信息

黏附性颗粒团聚现象在自然界和工业界普遍存在,扰动流场中黏附性颗粒间的碰撞、摩擦和吸附等动力学行为,导致团聚体形态不断演化,准确预测黏附性颗粒团聚体的粒径分布是调控颗粒团聚过程的重要前提。本文通过二维泰勒格林涡场中黏附性颗粒团聚的数值模拟研究,明确了利用Monte Carlo模型预测团聚体粒径分布的可行性及其适用范围,发现当黏附性颗粒间内聚数小于3.5×10^(−4)时,Monte Carlo模型可较好的预测团聚体粒径分布,且相对误差小于±30%;而当内聚数大于3.5×10^(−4)后,Monte Carlo模型不再适用。

关键词：黏附性颗粒粒径分布泰勒格林涡场 Monte Carlo模型

Mice lacking perforin have improved regeneration of the injured femoral nerve

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第8期17卷 1802-1808页

作者： Igor Jakovčevski Monika von Düring David Lutz Maja Vulović Mohammad Hamad Gebhard Reiss eckart Förster Melitta Schachner Institut für Anatomie und Klinische Morphologie Universität Witten/HerdeckeWittenGermany Department of Neuroanatomy and Molecular Brain Research Ruhr University BochumBochumGermany Department of Anatomy Faculty of Medical SciencesUniversity of KragujevacKragujevacSerbia Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience and Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience Rutgers UniversityPiscatawayNJUSA

The role that the immune system plays after injury of the peripheral nervous system is still not completely ***,a natural killer cell-and T-lymphocyte-derived enzyme that mediates cytotoxicity,plays important roles in autoimmune diseases,infections and central nervous system trauma,such as spinal cord *** dissect the roles of this single component of the immune response to injury,we tested regeneration after femoral nerve injury in perforin-deficient(Pfp^(-/-))and wild-type control *** frame motion analysis showed better motor recovery in Pfp^(-/-)mice compared with control mice at 4 and 8 weeks after *** tracing of the motoneuron axons regrown into the motor nerve branch demonstrated more correctly projecting motoneurons in the spinal cord of Pfp^(-/-)mice compared with *** of regrown axons measured by g-ratio was more extensive in Pfp^(-/-)than in wild-type mice in the motor branch of the femoral ***^(-/-)mice displayed more cholinergic synaptic terminals around cell bodies of spinal motoneurons after injury than the injured *** histologically analyzed lymphocyte infiltration 10 days after surgery and found that in Pfp^(-/-)mice the number of lymphocytes in the regenerating nerves was lower than in wild-types,suggesting a closed blood-nerve barrier in Pfp^(-/-)*** conclude that perforin restricts motor recovery after femoral nerve injury owing to decreased survival of motoneurons and reduced myelination.

关键词： blood-nerve barrier femoral nerve injury locomotor recovery lymphocytes myelination NK-cells perforin reinnervation

Impact structures and events - a Nordic perspective

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Episodes 2008年第1期31卷 107-114页

作者： Henning Dypvik Jueri Plado Claus Heinberg eckart Hakansson Lauri J. Pesonen Birger Schmitz Selen Raiskila Department of Geosciences University of Oslo P.O. Box 1047 Blindern NO 0316 Oslo Norway. Department of Geology University of Tartu Vanemuise 46 51014 Tartu Estonia. Department of Environmental Social and Spatial Change Roskilde University P.O. Box 260 DK-4000 Roskilde Denmark. Department of Geography and Geology University of Copenhagen Dster Voldgade 10 DK-1350 Copenhagen Denmark. Division of Geophysics University of Helsinki P.O. Box 64 FIN-00014 Helsinki Finland. Department of Geology University of Lund S61vegatan 12 SE-22362 Lund Sweden.

Impact cratering is one of the fundamental processes in the formation of the Earth and our planetary system, as reflected, for example in the surfaces of Mars and the Moon. The Earth has been covered by a comparable number of impact scars, but due to active geological processes, weathering, sea floor spreading etc, the number of preserved and recognized impact craters on the Earth are limited. The study of impact structures is consequently of great importance in our understanding of the formation of the Earth and the planets, and one way we directly, on the Earth, can study planetary geology. The Nordic-Baltic area have about thirty confirmed impact structures which makes it one of the most densely crater-populated terrains on Earth. The high density of identified craters is due to the level of research activity, coupled with a deterministic view of what we look for. In spite of these results, many Nordic structures are poorly understood due to the lack of 3D-geophysical interpretations, isotopeor other dating efforts and better knowledge of the amount of erosion and subsequent tectonic modifications. The Nordic and Baltic impact community is closely collaborating in several impact-related projects and the many researchers （about forty） and PhD students （some seventeen） promise that this level will continue for many more years. The main topics of research include geological, geophysical and geochemical studies in combination with modeling and impact experiments. Moreover, the Nordic and Baltic crust contains some hundred suspect structures which call for detailed analysis to define their origin. New advanced methods of analyzing geophysical information in combination with detailed geochemical analyses and numerical modeling will be the future basic occupation of the impact scientists of the region. The unique Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary （K-T） occurrences in Denmark form an important source of information in explaining one of the major mass extinctions on E

关键词：北欧冲击作用透视方法地质研究