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Prevalence of Malnutrition and Anaemia in Children ≤ 5 Years of Age in some Conflict Hit Areas of Meme Division of the south West Region of Cameroon

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Food and Nutrition sciences 2024年第4期15卷 235-244页

作者： Asoba Gillian Nkeudem ebong fidelis.s.meh samuel Metuge Teh Rene Ning Ngede Laura senge sumbele Irene Ngole Department of social Economy and Family Management Higher Technical Teachers’ Training College University of Buea Kumba Cameroon Department of Zoology and Animal Physiology Faculty of Science University of Buea Buea Cameroon

Malnutrition refers to the deficiency, imbalances, or excesses in a person’s intake of energy or nutrients [1]. Khan defines anaemia as below level of Haemoglobin in red blood shown by a lower number of functioning red blood cells [2]. The crisis in the North West and south West Regions of Cameroon has led to several negative effects on children’s living conditions. There has been an increase in malnutrition and anaemia in the south West Region and Kumba in particular. The main objective of this study was “to examine the prevalence of malnutrition and anaemia in children ≤ 5 years of age in some conflict-hit areas of Meme Division”. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in 2023 from March to June. We recruited 200 children ≤ 5 years into the study from three hospitals. The regional hospital annex in Kumba, Presbyterian General Hospital Kumba and the Ntam Hospital in Kumba. socio-demographic factors were assessed using questionnaire, nutritional status was assessed by the use anthropometric measurements and an auto haematology analyser was used to determine anaemia. The overall prevalence of malnutrition in the study area was 40.5%. The prevalence of malnutrition varied significantly (P study sites. The overall prevalence of anaemia in the study area was 70.5%. The prevalence of anaemia was not significantly associated with the study sites. The prevalence of Malnutrition and Anaemia in children ≤ 5 years of age is very high in the Kumba municipalities. This could be attributed to the ongoing crisis which has caused a lot of social migrations from rural areas to Urban areas which are safer.

关键词： Malnutrition Anaemia Prevalence Conflict Hit Areas

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The Effects of Different Feeding Practices on the Nutritional status of Infants below 12 Months Old in the Kumba 1 sub-Division

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Food and Nutrition sciences 2024年第5期15卷 336-350页

作者： Gillian Nkeudem Asoba fidelis.s.meh ebong samuel Metuge Etchu Kaptai Tabe Teh Rene Ning sumbele Irene Ngole Department of social Economy and Family Management Higher Technical Teachers&#8217 Training College University of Buea Kumba Cameroon Department of Zoology and Animal Physiology Faculty of Science University of Buea Buea Cameroon

Appropriate feeding practices are important during infancy for good health, growth and development of infants and children. WHO revised its earlier recommendation of Exclusive Breastfeeding (EBF) of infants from 4 to 6 months of age to EBF until about 6 months of age, with the addition of complementary foods thereafter. This recommendation confirms that breast milk alone is sufficient to meet infants’ nutritional requirements for the first 6 months of life. The main objective of this study was to investigate the effect of various feeding practices on the Nutritional status of infants 0 - 12-month-old in the Kumba 1 sub-Division. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2019 to August 2020. A total of 341 nursing mothers and their infants 0 - 12 months of age were recruited. socio-demographic factors and the different feeding habits of the children were assessed using a semi-structured questionnaire. Nutritional status was assessed using anthropometric measurements. The overall proportion of infants who exclusively breastfed for 6 months was 69.2% and those who were mix-fed were 30.8% in the study area. The overall prevalence of malnutrition in the population was 61.0%. Among the malnourished children, 53.1% were underweight, 19.6% were wasted and 10.0% were stunted. Though not significant, the prevalence of wasting (21.0%) and underweight (58.3%) was higher among Mix-Fed (MF) children when compared to their EBF counterparts. Feeding practices affected the nutritional status of the infants. Underweight and wasting were observed among infants on Complementary Feeding (CF), although some exclusively breast-fed infants were stunted. Hence, nursing mothers should try as much as possible to practice EBF as recommended by WHO and can practice CF when the child is above six months.

关键词： Exclusive Breastfeeding Complementary Feeding Feeding Practices Infants Malnutrition Nutritional status Underweight Wasted stunting

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Prevalence of Precancerous Lesions Based on Digital Cervicography with VIA/VILI among Women Positive for High-Risk Human Papillomavirus serotypes: A screening Center-Based study in Cameroon

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2024年第6期14卷 967-978页

作者： Jeffrey-Lewis Nzang Cliford Ebontane ebong simon Manga Florence Manjuh Félix Essiben Isidore Tompeen Judith seungue serge Robert Nyada Jeanne Hortence Fouedjio Ymele Fouelifack Julius sama Dohbit Kloukanmey Zonal Hospital Mdecins Sans Frontires Kloukanmey Benin Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical sciences University of Yaound 1 Yaound Cameroon Gynecology and Obstetrics Unit Central Hospital of Yaound Yaound Cameroon Womens Health Program Cameroon Baptist Convention Health Services Yaound Cameroon Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Gyneco-Obstetric and Pediatric Hospital of Yaound Yaound Cameroon Expanded Program of Immunization Ministry of Health Yaound Cameroon Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Gynaecological Endoscopic Surgery and Human Reproductive Teaching Hospital Yaounde Cameroon Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon Higher Institute of Medical Technology Nkolondom Yaound Cameroon

Background: since 2021, high-risk Human Papilloma Virus (HR-HPV) testing has been the recommended screening test for cervical cancer for all settings;either used alone in a “test and treat” strategy, or with a triage test, with or without biopsy, before treatment. Cameroon has rolled out immunization against HPV 16 and 18, but studies show a higher prevalence of non-16/18 HR-HPV types. Objectives: Determine the prevalence of precancerous lesions, in women with HR-HPV infection and evaluate association of digital cervicography (DC) VIA/VILI positivity with HPV serotype, as a measure of their contribution to precancer and cancer incidence. Methodology: The study was cross-sectional, descriptive, and analytic. It took place at the Etoug-Ebe and Ekoudoum Baptist Hospitals in Yaoundé, during the period April-september 2022. We reviewed the records of women screened for cervical cancer between February 2020 and December 2021 and evaluated the prevalence of lesions on digital cervicography (DC) with VIA/VILI for women positive for HR-HPV serotypes. The data were analyzed using sPss version 20.0 for Windows. P values Results: We identified 315 cases with a positive HR-HPV deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) test, 224 (71.1%) had a DC VIA/VILI triage test done. Of these, 30 (13.4%) women had a positive DC VIA/VILI, with five women (2.2%) having lesions suggestive of cancer. Out of 11 cases positive for HPV 16 alone, 05 (45.5%) had a positive DC VIA/VILI test. Of the 14 cases positive for HPV 18 alone, 03 (21.4%) had a positive VIA/VILI, meanwhile only 19 (10.7%) of the 177 cases positive for non-16/18 HPV had a positive VIA/VILI test. Conclusion: A high proportion of women (13.4%) with HR HPV had a positive DC VIA/VILI, with a significant proportion (2.2%) having lesions suggestive of invasive cervical cancer HR-HPV serotype was associated with DC VIA/VILI positivity;HPV 16 had the strongest association (45.5%), followed by HPV 18 (21.4%), and non-16/18 HR-HPV (10.7%), suggesting a

关键词： High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Precancerous Digital Cervicography VIA/VILI serotype

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sorption of Ni and Eu in a Multi-element system

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材料科学与工程（中英文B版） 2011年第4期1卷 504-515页

作者： fidelis.s.meh ebong Nick Evans Loughborough University Centre for Environmental Radiochemistry Loughborough LE113TH

Laboratory studies on the retardation of radionuclides in the far-field of a radioactive waste repository are often performed using a single metal in the presence of the solid surfaces in solution. However, in the event of failure in the engineered barrier system (EBs), groundwater flowing pass the EBs will likely contain more than one long live radionuclide. The aim of this paper is to understand sorption in systems containing more than one radionuclide in solution. The work presented is carried out to understand how the presence of Ni or Eu in solution will affect the sorption of each other. static batch sorption experiments of Ni and Eu sorption to different granitic materials have been performed. Radiometric analysis was done using Cobra (II) Auto gamma for 152Eu and TriCarb liquid scintillation for Ni63. Experimental results were described initially using the empirical models from which Rd values were obtained for sorption in single systems of Ni and Eu, and of multi-element systems of Ni and Eu. The experimental data was fitted to the surface complexation using JChess Geochemical Code to obtained complexation constants for the interactions between Ni and Eu and the solid surfaces. The effect on sorption in a multi-element system was expressed by the ratio of the sorption capacity of one metal ions in the presence of the other metal ions Qmix to the sorption capacity of same metal ions when it is present alone in solution Qsing. sin 1 m ix g Q Q >, the sorption is promoted by the presence of other metal ions, whereas if: sin 1 mix g Q Q =, there appears to be no observable effect, and if: sin 1 m ix g Q Q sorption is suppressed by the presence of other metal ions in solution. Results obtained showed that sorption was suppressed in systems containing Eu and Ni. Ratios of Qmix and Qsing were calculated as approximately 1and Eu sorption to Muscovite Mica and for Ni sorption to Plagioclase Feldspar, showing that there was no effect on the

关键词：吸附实验屏障系统多元素欧盟二长花岗岩放射性核素镍金属离子

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Modelling the sorption of 63Ni to Granitic Materials： Application of the Component Additive Model

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Journal of Environmental science and Engineering(B) 2012年第3期1卷 281-292页

作者： fidelis.s.meh ebong Nick Evans Department of Chemistry Centre for Environmental Radiochemistry Loughborough University Loughborough LEl l 3TU UK

The component additive modelling approach is based on summing the results from models already calibrated with pure mineral phases. The summation can occur as the sum of results for thermodynamic surface speciation models or as the sum of pseudo-thermodynamic models for adsorption on individual mineral phases. static batch sorption experiments of 63Ni are with different granitic rocks and component minerals. XRD analyses have been used to calculate the percentage mineralogical composition of the granitic rocks. sorption data has been modelled using non electrostatic correction models to obtain Rdfor the granitic rocks and mineral. Ra values for the granitic rocks predicted from the component additive model have been compared to experimental values. Results showed that predicted Rd values for granite adamellite, biotite granite and rapakivi granite were identical to the experimentally determined values, whereas, for graphic granite and grey Granite, the predicted and experimentally determined Ra values were much different. The results also showed a greater contribution to the bulk Raby feldspar while quartz showed the least contribution to the Rd.

关键词： Radionuclide sorption 63Ni component additive model.

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Further antiplasmodial effects of the aqueous extract of cymbopogon citratus stapf (lemon grass) against plasmodium berghei in swiss albino mice

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2008年第3期1卷 7-12页

作者： DV Dapper IM siminialayi OO ebong Department of Pharmacology Faculty of Basic Medical SciencesCollege of Health SciencesUniversity of Port HarcourtPMB 5323Port HarcourtNigeria Department of Human Physiology and Malaria Research Unit Faculty of Basic Medical SciencesCollege of Health SciencesUniversity of Port HarcourtPMB 5323Port HarcourtNigeria

Lemon grass(Cymbopogon citratus stapf) is a popular alternative to western medicines for a number of conditions, including fevers,muscle soreness and superficial infections in *** addition to its already reported suppressive effects against *** infection,this study sought to determine its repository and blood schizonticidal activities in established *** infection using swiss albino mice as *** weighing on average, between 15 and 25g were given 103mg/kg,155mg/kg and 310mg/kg/day of the crude aqueous extract of cymbopogon citratus stapf,in the 4-day test,24-hour Rane test and 72-hour Rane *** effects of these doses of the extract were then compared with chloroquine(5mg/kg/day) and sulphadoxine/pyrimethamine (3mg/kg/day).We report an average percentage suppressive repository activity of 65.8%for the extract at a dose of 310mg/kg and a blood schizonticidal activity that increased from 68.33%in the 24-hour Rane test to 92%in the 72-hour Rane test for the same dose of *** crude aqueous extract of *** stapf thus has significant repository and blood schizonticidal activities against established *** infection in swiss albino mice compare to that of pyrimethamine and sulphadoxine/pyrimethamine respectively.

关键词： cymbopogon citratus stapf antiplasmodial activity P.berghei

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Effects of supplementation of Brachiaria brizantha cv. Piatá and Napier grass with Desmodium distortum on feed intake,digesta kinetics and milk production in crossbred dairy cows

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Animal Nutrition 2018年第2期4卷 222-227页

作者： Mupenzi Mutimura Cyprian ebong Idupulapati M.Rao Ignatius V.Nsahlai Rwanda Agriculture Board Department of Animal Production Association for strengthening Agricultural Research in Eastern and Central Africa International Centre for Tropical Agriculture United states Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research ServicePlant Polymer Research UnitNational Center for Agricultural Utilization Research University of Kwa Zulu-Natal School of AgriculturalEarth and Environmental SciencesDepartment of Animal Science and Poultry SciencePietermaritzburg Campus

This study was planned to analyse the basis that make Brachiaria species with greater feeding value than Napier grass(Pennisetum purpureum) for lactating dairy *** lactating crossbred cows were stallfed on Brachiaria brizantha *** or Napier grass *** Cameroon supplemented(mixed on fresh matter basis) or unsupplemented with Desmodium distortum, a forage *** cows were fed on fresh matter basis under small-holder farming *** showed that *** *** had higher contents of dry matter(DM), crude protein(CP) and organic matter(OM), but lower contents of neutral detergent fibre(NDF) and acid detergent fibre(ADF) than Napier grass(P supplementation increased intakes of CP and metabolizable energy(ME; P s fed *** *** than on cows fed Napier *** daily milk yield was lower on diets based on Napier grass than those based on *** ***(P se of digesta in the digestive tract was longer on Napier grass(83.1 h) than on *** ***(62.8 h)(P s concluded that in dairy cows, legume supplementation of *** *** increases nutrient intake, hence resulting in higher milk yields than supplementation of Napier grass.

关键词： Brachiaria grass Tropical grasses Napier grass Nutrient intake Legume supplementation Retention time

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Rumen liquor from slaughtered cattle as inoculum for feed evaluation

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Animal Nutrition 2017年第3期3卷 300-308页

作者： Pius Lutakome Fred Kabi Francis Tibayungwa Germana H.Laswai Abiliza Kimambo Cyprian ebong World Agroforestry Centre(ICRAF) Uganda Country Office Department of Agricultural Production School of Agricultural SciencesCollege of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Makerere University Department of Animal Aquaculture and Range SciencesSokoine University of Agriculture Association for strengthening Agricultural Research in East and Central Africa(AsARECA) secretariat

Use of nonlinear mathematical models has been majorly based on in vitro gas production(GP) data generated when substrates are incubated with rumen liquor from fistulated steers. However,existing evidence suggests that rumen liquor from slaughtered cattle of unknown dietary history also generates quantifiable in vitro GP data. Fitting and description of GP data obtained from 4 diets incubated with rumen liquor from slaughtered cattle was evaluated using single-pool exponential model with discrete lag time(EXPL), logistic(LOG), Groot's(GRTs) and Gompertz(GOMP) models. Diets were formulated by varying proportions of Rhodes grass(Chloris gayana) hay and a concentrate mixed on dry matter basis to be: 1,000 g/kg Rhodes grass hay(RGH) and 0 of the concentrate(D1), 900 g/kg RGH and 100 g/kg concentrate(D2), 800 g/kg RGH and 200 g/kg concentrate(D3), 700 g/kg RGH and 300 g/kg concentrate(D4). Dietary kinetics for the models were determined by measuring GP at 2,4.8,10.18,24.36,48.72,96 and 120 h. Model comparison was based on derived GP kinetics, graphical analysis of observed versus predicted GP profiles plus residual distribution and goodness-of-fit from analysis of root mean square error(RMsE), adjusted coefficient of determination(Adj-R^2) and Akaike's information criterion(AIC). Asymptotic GP, half-life and fractional rate of GP differed(P s. The RMsE, Adj-R^2 and AIC ranged from 1.555 to 4.429,0.906 to0.984 and 2.452 to 15.874, respectively, forall diets compared across the 4 models. Based on the goodness-of-fit statistical criterion, GP profiles of D1 were more appropriately fitted and described by GRTs and GOMP than the EXPLand LOG models. The GRTs model had the lowest AIC value for D2(2.452). Although GRTs model had the most homogenous residual dispersion for the 4 diets, all the 4 models exhibited a sigmoidal ***, rumen liquor from slaughtered cattle of unknown dietary history can be used to derive nutritionally important fee

关键词： In vitro gas production technique Model comparison Model selection Nonlinear mathematical models Rhodes grass hay Rumen liquor

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Optimizing bio-physical conditions and pre-treatment options for breaking lignin barrier of maize stover feed using white rot fungi

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Animal Nutrition 2016年第4期2卷 361-369页

作者： Andrew M. Atuhaire Fred Kabi samuel Okello swidiq Mugerwa Cyprian ebong National Livestock Resources Research Institute Department of Livestock and Industrial Resources School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Resources College of Veterinary Medicine Animal Resources and Bio-security (CoVAB) Makerere University Department of Agricultural Production School of Agricultural Sciences College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES) Makerere University Animal Production Program Rwanda Agriculture Board (RAB)

The greatest limitation to utilization of maize stover by ruminants as a feed is the high concentration of lignin, which limits fibre digestibility. However, ruminants can effectively utilize maize stover if its nutritive value is improved using white rot fungal species. This study was designed to determine optimal biophysical conditions for mycelial growth and select the most ideal fungal species and pre-treatment options for improving nutritive value of maize stover. Four popular edible Pleurotus fungal species(*** florida,Pleurotus ostreatus, Pleurotus sajor caju and Pleurotus pulmonarius) were subjected to varying temperatures, pH levels, hydrogen peroxide(H_2 O_2) concentration and illumination to establish the extent of mycelial growth *** of H_2 O_2 was used to determine optimal levels for preservation and prevention of contamination from other indigenous microbiota. Effects of pre-treatment options on chemical composition and nutritive value of maize stover were also examined. Mycelial growth rate of Pleurotus species on potato dextrose agar(PDA) varied(P spectively. Under the different bio-physical conditions,P. sajor caju had the highest mycelia density and growth rate. Chemical composition of solid-state fermented maize stover differed(P s species. Maize stover fermented with P. sajor caju had the highest crude protein(CP) of 86.6 g/kg DM, in-vitro dry matter digestibility(IVDMD) of 731 g/kg DM, in-vitro organic matter digestibility(IVOMD) of 670.4 g/kg DM and metabolizable energy(ME) of10.0 MJ/kg DM but with the lowest lignin(sa) of 50 g/kg DM. At 25℃, P. sajor caju had the highest mycelial growth rate on PDA and highest lignin(sa) breakdown in the maize stover substrate. It was, therefore,selected as the most ideal

关键词： Crop residues Lactobacillus plantarum Lignin biodegradation Mycelial growth

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Effects of the methanolic seeds extract of Carica Papaya on plasmodium Berghei infected mice

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2009年第3期2卷 1-6页

作者： Amazu LU ebong OO Azikiwe CCA Unekwe PC siminialayi MI Nwosu PJC Ezeani MC Obidiya Os Ajugwo AO Department of Pharmacology Madonna UniversityElele CampusEleleNigeria Department of Pharmacology Schoolof Health SciencesUniversity of Port HarcourtPort HarcourtNigeria Department of Pharmacology School of Health SciencesUniversity of Port HarcourtPort HarcourtNigeria Department of Haematology/Immunology College of Medicine and Health SciencesMadonna UniversityElele CampusEleleNigeria Department of Clinical Pharmacy Faculty of PharmacyNiger Delta UniversityWilberforce IslandAmassomaBayelsa StateNigeria

Objective:The leaves extract of Carica Papaya（***）papaya has been shown to possess antimalarial activity, thus this work aims at finding out if the plants antimalarial activity is present in or extended to the ***:The seeds of *** were collected from its fruit,air dried for 5 days and ground into fine powder.80.65 g of the powder was then soaked for 48hours in 300 mL of *** was carried out using Whatman No.1 filter *** filtrate was evaporated to dryness by a three-day continuous heating on a hot plate of 30℃.The dry extract yield was scraped out of the Petri dish weighed and refrigerated until required. The percentage extract yield was calculated out from the initial powder weight.A preliminary phytochemical study was done by re-dissolving the appropriate amount of the dry extract in distilled water and appropriate test reagent *** LDsub>50sub> of the seeds of *** was carried out using arithmetic *** albino Mice of both sexes and of average weight of 18-25 g were used as animals for antimalarial *** were housed in standard animal house,fed on Rats/Mice pellets and had non restricted excess to both feed and water throughout the 60day study *** the non pregnant female Mice were used as test animals,the male animals were used as malaria parasite *** were taken to ensure that all animals in the study groups were free from infection with Eperythrozoon *** female animals were then divided into three main groups（A-C） of 25 animals per *** A was used for malaria suppressive study（early infection -day 0-3） and was further subdivided to 5 subgroups（a-e） of 5animals per *** B was used for malaria curative study（established malaria infection-day 3-7） and was further subdivided to 5subgroups（a-e） of 5animals per *** C was used for malaria prophylactic study（repository-4days treatment prior to malaria parasite infection） and was also further subdivi

关键词： Plasmodium berghei Plasmodiasis seeds of Carica papaya Malaria Medicinal plants

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