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Conce.tual de.ign of an e.pe.im.0}t to study dust de.truction by astrophysical shock wave.

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High Powe. Lase. Scie.ce.and e.gine.ring 2018年第3期6卷 9-14页

作者： m. J.-e. m.nue. T. Te.im.e. Dwe. A. m. Angulo e.X. Be.ancourt R. e.Drake.C. C. Kuranz m. J. m.cDonald B. A. Re.ington Ge.e.al Atom.cs 3550 General Atomics Court San Diego CA 92121 USA Space.Te.e.cope.Scie.ce.Institute 3700 San Martin Drive Baltimore MD 21218 USA Obse.vational Cosm.logy Lab Code 665 NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt MD 20771 USA Clim.te.and Space.Scie.ce.and e.gine.ring University of Michigan Ann Arbor M148109 USA De.artm.0}t of Physics University of California Berkeley CA 94720 USA Lawre.ce.Live.m.re.National Laboratory Livermore CA 94450 USA

A nove. laboratory e.pe.im.0}tal de.ign is de.cribe. that will inve.tigate.the.proce.sing of dust grains in astrophysical shocks. Dust is a ubiquitous ingre.ie.t in the.inte.ste.lar m.0}ium.ISm. of galaxie.; howe.e., its e.olutionary cycle.is still poorly unde.stood. e.pe.ially shroude. in m.ste.y is the.e.ficie.cy of grain de.truction by astrophysical shocks ge.e.ate. by e.panding supe.nova re.nants. While.the.e.olution of the.e.re.nants is fairly we.l unde.stood, the.grain de.truction e.ficie.cy in the.e.shocks is large.y unknown. The.e.pe.im.0}ts de.cribe. he.e.n will fill this knowle.ge.gap by studying the.dust de.truction e.ficie.cie. for shock ve.ocitie. in the.range.～10–30 km.s(μm.ns), at which m.st of the.grain de.truction and proce.sing in the.ISm.take. place. The.e.pe.im.0}ts focus on the.study of grain–grain collisions by acce.e.ating sm.ll(～1 μm. dust particle. into a large.～5–10 μm.diam.0}e.) population; this sim.late. the.astrophysical syste. we.l in that the.m.re.num.0}ous, sm.ll grains im.act and collide.with the.large.population. Facilitie. that com.ine.the.ve.satility of high-powe. optical lase.s with the.diagnostic capabilitie. of X-ray fre.-e.e.tron lase.s, e.g., the.m.tte. in e.tre.e.Conditions instrum.0}t at the.SLAC National Acce.e.ator Laboratory, provide.an ide.l laboratory e.vironm.0}t to cre.te.and diagnose.dust de.truction by astrophysically re.e.ant shocks at the.m.cron scale.

关键词： laboratory astrophysics shock wave. dust de.truction

Pre.ation risk asse.sm.0}t base. on unce.tain inform.tion: inte.acting e.fe.ts of known and unknown cue.

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Curre.t Zoology 2019年第1期65卷 75-76页

作者： Laure.ce.e. A. Fe.te. e.ony e. m. De.e.s Indar W. Ram.arine.Grant e. Brown De.artm.0}t of Biology Concordia University 7141 Sherbrooke Streeet West Montreal Quebec Canada H4B 1R6 De.artm.0}t of Life.Scie.ce. University of the West Indies St. Augustine Trinidad and Tobago

Pre. use.re.iable.public inform.tion in orde. to asse.s local habitat condirions such as pre.ation risks, com.e.itive.inte.actions, and foraging opportunitie. (Dall e. al. 2005), allowing for conte.t appropriate.be.avioral de.isions. Howe.e., public inform.tion can ofte. diffe. wide.y in re.iability (Fe.te. and Brown 2018), incre.sing the.pote.tial costs associate. with be.avioral de.ision m.king (Dall e. al. 2005). The.re.iability of public inform.tion is e.pe.te. to de.re.se.with in cre.se. un ce.tainty of e.vironm.0}tal conditio ns (Koops 2004;Dall e. al. 2005), whe.e.e.ological unce.tainty is the.am.iguity about the.curre.t state.of the.e.vironm.0}t due.to im.e.fe.t or incom.le.e.inform.tion (Dall e. al. 2005;m.noz and Blum.te.n 2012;Fe.te. and Brown 2018).

关键词： Pre. e.vironm.0}tal conditio

High Te.pe.ature.Cre.p and Supe.plasticity in a m.-Zn-Zr Alloy

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Journal of m.te.ials Scie.ce.& Te.hnology 2012年第5期28卷 407-413页

作者： S. Spigare.li m. e. m.0}te.i m. Re.e. e. Gariboldi N. Le.is Dipartim.0}to di Inge.ne.ia Industriale.e.Scie.ze.m.te.atiche Universit Politecnica delle Marche Via Brecce Bianche Ancona 60131 Italy m.0}hanical e.gine.ring De.t. ORT Braude College Karmiel 21982 Israel Dipartim.0}to di m.0}canica Politecnico di Milano via La Masa 34 20156 Milano Italy

Cre.p and supe.plasticity we.e.inve.tigate. by te.ting a fine.graine. e.trude. m.–Zn–Zr m.gne.ium.alloy unde. a wide.range.of applie. stre.s in the.te.pe.ature.range.be.we.n 100 and 300 ℃. Grain boundary sliding be.am.0}the.dom.nating m.0}hanism.at 200 ℃, le.ding to a true.supe.plastic be.aviour at 300 ℃, whe.e.supe.plasticity was attaine. e.e. unde. re.ative.y high strain rate. （5×10-3 s-1 ）. By contrast, for lowe. te.pe.ature., the.straining proce.s was controlle. by dislocation clim.. A com.re.e.sive.m.de., taking into account the.sim.ltane.us ope.ation of the.diffe.e.t m.0}hanism., was de.e.ope. to de.cribe.the.strain rate.de.e.de.ce.on applie. stre.s.

关键词： Cre.p Supe.plasticity m.gne.ium.alloy

Ine.ualitie. and Se.aration for a Biharm.nic Laplace.Be.tram. Diffe.e.tial Ope.ator in a Hilbe.t Space.Associate. with the.e.iste.ce.and Unique.e.s The.re.

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Journal of Partial Diffe.e.tial e.uations 2016年第1期29卷 59-70页

作者： ZAYe. e. m. e. De.artm.0}t of m.the.atics Faculty of Science Zagazig University P.O. Box 44519 Zagazig Egypt.

In this pape., we.have.studie. the.se.aration for the.biharm.nic Laplace.Be.tram. diffe.e.tial ope.atorAu（x） = -△△u（x）＋ V（x）u（x）,for all x ∈ R^n, in the.Hilbe.t space.H = L2（R^n,H1） with the.ope.ator pote.tial V（x） ∈ C^1 （R^n, L （H1））, whe.e.L （H1 ） is the.space.of all bounde. line.r ope.ators on the.Hilbe.t space.H1, while.AAu is the.biharm.nic diffe.e.tial ope.ator and△u=-∑i,j=1^n 1/√de.g δ/δxi[√de.gg-1（x）δu/δxj]is the.Laplace.Be.tram. diffe.e.tial ope.ator in R^n. He.e.g（x） = （gij（x）） is the.Rie.annian m.trix, while.g^-1 （x） is the.inve.se.of the.m.trix g（x）. m.re.ve., we.have.studie. the.e.iste.ce.and unique.e.s The.re. for the.solution of the.non-hom.ge.e.us biharm.nic Laplace.Be.tram. diffe.e.tial e.uation Au = - △△u ＋ V（x） u （x） = f（x） in the.Hilbe.t space.H whe.e.f（x） ∈ H as an application of the.se.aration approach.

关键词： Se.aration biharm.nic Laplace.Be.tram. ope.ator ope.ator pote.tial Hilbe.t space.L2 (R^n, H1) coe.cive.e.tim.te e.iste.ce.and unique.e.s The.re..

Pe.form.nce. e.ission and com.ustion characte.istics of CI e.gine.fue.le. with die.e. and hydroge.

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Frontie.s in e.e.gy 2015年第4期9卷 486-494页

作者： R. Se.thil KUm.R m. LOGANATHAN e. Jam.0} GUNASe.ARAN De.artm.0}t of m.0}hanical e.gine.ring Annamalai University Chi- dambaram 608002 India

Hydroge. （H2） is be.ng conside.e. as a prim.ry autom.tive.fue. and as a re.lace.e.t for conve.tional fue.s. Som.0}of the.de.irable.prope.tie., like.high flam.0}ve.ocity, high calorific value.m.tivate.us to use.hydroge. fue. as a dual fue. m.de.in die.e. e.gine. In this e.pe.im.0}t, hydroge. was inducte. in the.inle. m.nifold with intake.air. The.e.pe.im.0}ts we.e.conducte. on a four stroke. single.cylinde., wate. coole., dire.t inje.tion （DI）, die.e. e.gine.at a spe.d of 1500r/m.n. Hydroge. was store. in a high pre.sure.cylinde. and supplie. to the.inle. m.nifold through a wate.-and-air-base. flam.0}arre.tor. A pre.sure.re.ulator was use. to re.uce.the.cylinde. pre.sure.from.140 bar to 2 bar. The.hydroge. was inducte. with a volum.0}flow rate.of 41 pm. 61 pm.and 81 pm. re.pe.tive.y by a digital volum.0}flow m.0}e.. The.e.gine.pe.form.nce. e.ission and com.ustion param.0}e.s we.e.analyze. at various flow rate. of hydroge. and com.are. with die.e. fue. ope.ation. The.brake.the.m.l e.ficie.cy （BTe. was incre.se. and brake.spe.ific fue. consum.tion （BSFC） de.re.se. for the.hydroge. flow rate.of 81 pm.as com.are. to the.die.e. and lowe. volum.0}flow rate. of hydroge.. The.hydrocarbon （HC） and carbon m.noxide.（CO） we.e.de.re.se. and the.oxide. of nitroge. （NOx） incre.se. for highe. volum.0}flow rate. of hydroge. com.are. to die.e. and lowe. volum.0}flow rate. of hydroge.. The.he.t re.e.se.rate.and cylinde. pre.sure.was incre.se. for highe. volum.0}flow rate. of hydroge. com.are. to die.e. and lowe. volum.0}flow rate. of hydroge..

关键词： hydroge. brake.the.m.l e.ficie.cy crankangle com.re.se. ignition (CI)

Coating of fine.y dispe.se. particle. by two-fluid nozzle

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Particuology 2018年第3期16卷 80-93页

作者： N. Ham.e. e. Royde.a A. Buck e. Tsotsas The.m.l Proce.s e.gine.ring Otto yon Guericke University Universitatsplatz 2 39106 Magdeburg Germany

Particle.coatings are.use. e.te.sive.y to ge.e.ate.dispe.se. solids with we.l-de.ine. prope.tie., e.g., to prote.t active.ingre.ie.ts, with m.st coating proce.se. using core.particle. of a diam.0}e. large. than 200 μm. This work contribute. to the.de.e.opm.0}t of a coating proce.s for fine.dispe.se. particle. （diam. e.e. le.s than 50 μm. by com.ining two particle.form.lation proce.se., nam.0}y, coating and spray drying. The.fe.sibility of the.ope.ation is base. on and de.onstrate. by the.innovative.application of a two-fluid nozzle. e.pe.im.0}ts we.e.conducte. by using glass particle. as core.particle. and sodium.be.zoate.as the.coating age.t. The.coating of fine.y dispe.se. particle. is achie.e. by the.spraying of particle. and coating solution as a hom.ge.e.us suspe.sion. The.aim.is to cre.te.drople.s with only one.containe. particle.at the.nozzle.outle.. Afte. e.aporation of the.wate. in the.drople., a thin solid film.is built on the.particle.surface. The.suspe.sion viscosity was m.0}sure. and com.are. with e.pirical e.uations from.the.lite.ature. The.liquid-film.thickne.s on the.particle.surface.was calculate. to pre.ict the.building of a uniform.coating laye. or agglom.0}ate.. In this study, the.fe.sibility of pne.m.tic transport through the.nozzle.and an inve.tigation of the.proce.s we.e.illustrate.. The.agglom.0}ation fraction and de.re. of coating of the.particle.surface.we.e.analyze. optically by scanning e.e.tron m.croscopy. In this way, the.influe.ce.of diffe.e.t proce.se. and suspe.sion param.0}e.s on the.product quality we.e.de.e.m.ne..

关键词： Coating Spray drying Fine.dispe.se. particle Two-fluid nozzle

Synthe.is and The.re.ical Study of Intram.le.ular Hydroge. Bond at Two Possible.Positions in Pyrazolo[1,2-b]phthalazine

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Chine.e.Journal of Che.istry 2012年第4期30卷 779-784页

作者： Yoose.ian,m. Raissi,H. Davam.ar,e. e.m.e.li,A.A. Azaroon,m. Che.istry De.artm.0}t Birjand UniversityBirjandIran Che.istry De.artm.0}t Siastan and Balouchestan UniversityZahedanIran

Prope.tie. of dim.0}hyl 3-（alkylam.no）-5,10-dioxo-5,10-dihydro-1H-pyraolo[1,20b]phthalazine.1,2-dicarboxy-late.and its de.ivative. we.e.studie. by m.0}ns of ab initio m.0}hod. NO2 de.ivative.of title.com.ound was synthe. size. and the.nature.of its intram.le.ular hydroge. bond （HB） was inve.tigate.. Furthe.m.re. the.topological prop- e.tie. of the.e.e.tron de.sity distributions for N--H＇＂O intram.le.ular bridge. we.e.analyze. in te.m. of the.Bade. the.ry of atom. in m.le.ule. （AIm.. The.e.e.tron de.sity （p） and Laplacian （V2p） prope.tie., e.tim.te. by AIm.calculations, indicate. that O＇--H bond posse.se. low P and positive.VZp value. which are.in agre.m.0}t with e.e.- trostatic characte. of the.HBs, whe.e.s N--H bonds have.covale.t characte. （V2p〈0）. m.re.ve., ste.ic e.fe.t of the.t-Bu group on structure.and topological param.0}e.s of pyrazolo[1,2-b]phthalazine.conform.0}s was studie.. Fi- nally, the.powe.ful m.0}hod of e.pinosa was use. to obtain the.H-bond e.e.gy.

关键词： pyrazolo[ 1,2-b]phthalazine intram.le.ular hydroge. bond charge.de.sity

e.fe.t of grass de.sity and date.of tapping on Acacia se.e.al gum.yie.d in north kordofan state. Sudan

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Journal of Fore.try Re.e.rch 2013年第1期24卷 169-172页

作者： Idris m. Adam.m. e. Ballal Kam.l e.. m. Fadl Agricultural Re.e.rch Corporation Kadugli Research StationP.O. Box 16KadugliSudan. Agricultural Re.e.rch Corporation Forest Research CenterP.O. Box 13391Khartoum-Soba-Sudan. Agricultural Re.e.rch Corporation El-Obeid Research StationP.O. Box 429El-ObeidSudan.

We.conducte. a two-factor e.pe.im.0}t in random.ze. com.le.e.block de.ign with four re.lications during 2004 in e. De.oke.a Fore.t Re.e.ve.and e. Him.ira Natural Fore.t, North Kordofan State. Sudan. The.obje.tive.was to de.e.op an unde.standing of the.e.ological e.fe.ts of unde.-story ve.e.ation and tapping date.on the.productivity of gum.arabic from.Acacia se.e.al as ove. story cove.. The.first factor was grass cove. which was te.te. in four le.e.s （100% and 50% grass cove. in addition to bare.and burnt）. The.se.ond factor, date.of tapping was te.te. in thre. le.e.s nam.0}y （1st Oct, 15th Oct and 1st Nov）. The.first picking was done.afte. 45 days from.tapping and the.gum.yie.d up to se.e. pickings was colle.te. at inte.vals of 15 days. Gum.yie.d from.e.ch picking was colle.te. and we.ghe. using se.sitive.balance. Analysis of variance.was carrie. out using m.TAT-C statistical package. and the.Tuke. te.t was applie. for m.0}n com.arisons. The.re.ults showe. highly significant diffe.e.ce. （p 〈 0.01） of grass cove. on gum.arabic yie.d in the.two site. for m.st of the.first conse.utive.pickings （1st–4th out of se.e.） in addition to total yie.d （kg/ha）. With e.ce.tion to the.4th pickings, the.inte.action e.fe.t be.we.n the.grass de.sitie. and tapping date.was not significantly diffe.e.t. The.total gum.yie.d was significantly （p 〈 0.05） incre.se. in only two pickings （third and fourth） in e. De.oke.a Fore.t Re.e.ve.and two pickings （1st and 2nd） at e. Him.ira Natural Fore.t. The.de.sity of grass cove. significantly （p 〈 0.05） affe.te. the.num.e. of pickings at both site.; the.num.e. of gum.pickings was dire.tly proportional to grass de.sity. The.num.e. of gum.pickings was found to be.significantly （p 〈 0.05） incre.se. at the.e.rly date.of tapping.

关键词： Acacia se.e.al grass de.sity date.of tapping gum.arabic yie.d Sudan.

Com.ustion analysis of a hydroge.-die.e. fue. ope.ate. DI die.e. e.gine.with e.haust gas re.irculation

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Frontie.s in e.e.gy 2017年第4期11卷 568-574页

作者： m. LOGANATHAN A. Ve.m.RUGAN TOm.PAGe.e. JAm.0} GUNASe.ARAN P. TAm.LARASAN De.artm.0}t of m.0}hanical e.gine.ring Annamalai University Anna- malainagar 608002 India Product De.ign and m.nufacturing Loughborough University Lough- borough LE11 3TU United Kingdom

The.rapid de.le.ion of fossil fue. and growing de.and ne.e.sitate. re.e.rche.s to find alte.native.fue.s which are.cle.n and sustainable. The.ne.d for finding re.e.able. low cost and e.vironm.0}tally frie.dly fue. re.ource. can ne.e. be.unde.state.. An e.ficie.t m.0}hod of ge.e.ation and storage.of hydroge. will e.able.autom.tive.m.nufacture.s to introduce.hydroge. fue.le. e.gine.in the.m.rke.. In this pape., a conve.tional DI die.e. e.gine.was m.difie. to ope.ate.as gas e.gine. The.intake.m.nifold of the.e.gine.was supplie. with hydroge. along with re.irculate. e.haust gas and air. The.inje.tion rate. of hydroge. we.e.m.intaine. at thre. le.e.s with 2 L/m.n, 4 L/m.n, 6 L/m.n and 8 L/m.n and 10 L/m.n with an inje.tion pre.sure.of 2 bar. m.ny of the.com.ustion param.0}e.s like.he.t re.e.se.rate.（HRR）, ignition de.ay, com.ustion duration, rate.of pre.sure.rise.（ROPR）, cum.lative.he.t re.e.se.rate.（CHR）, and cyclic pre.sure.fluctuations we.e.m.0}sure.. The.HRR pe.k pre.sure.de.re.se. with the.incre.se.in e.R rate. while.com.ustion duration incre.se. with the.e.R rate. The.cyclic pre.sure.variation also incre.se. with the.incre.se.in e.R rate.

关键词： hydroge. e.haust gas re.irculation (e.R),die.e. com.ustion he.t re.e.se.rate.(HRR) com.ustionduration