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Challenges and prospects of plastic waste management in Nigeria

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Waste Disposal and Sustainable energy 2019年第2期1卷 117-126页

作者： r.U.Duru e.e.Ikpeama J.A.Ibekwe Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry University of Port HarcourtPort HarcourtNigeria 15791 Pebblebrook Drive BellevilleMI 48111USA Department of Oil and Gas Chemistry University of AberdeenAberdeenScotlandUK

The combined properties of low cost,lightweight,and resistance to chemicals and corrosion has increased the use of plastic materials for packaging and storage purposes in preference to other ***,there is a continued increase in their proportion in domestic solid wastes worldwide as well as the concern of their impacts on the *** developed and developing countries have put in place and continue to improve their plastic waste disposal,collection,and recycling methods to reduce these *** Nigeria with a population of about 186 million,there are little or no available data on the use of plastic materials in relation to city populations,their disposal,collection,and recycling *** are a few numbers of plastic waste recycling companies in a fewer number of cities and disposal practices for the greater percentage of the plastic wastes that are not captured for recycling possess immediate and future danger for the *** work reviews the consumption of plastics,its waste generation,collection,and treatment in Nigeria and a few selected *** problems associated with inadequate management of the wastes were emphasized and recommendations were proffered to not only highlight research and investment opportunities that are inherent in plastic waste management in Nigeria,but also provide a background for the formulation of sustainable regulatory policies by the government to address the problems.

关键词： Plastic waste Disposal recycling environment Investment Waste management

Species delimitation in the White-faced Cuckoo-dove(Turacoena manadensis) based on bioacoustic data

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Chinese Birds 2016年第1期7卷 40-47页

作者： Nathaniel S.r.Ng Frank e.rheindt Department of Biological Sciences National University of Singapore

Background: The White-faced Cuckoo-dove(Turacoena manadensis) is a poorly-known Wallacean endemic with a limited distribution on Sulawesi and its satellites, including the Togian, Banggai and Sula archipelagoes. In 1900, populations from the Sula archipelago were awarded subspecies status T. manadensis sulaensis based on smaller size and minor differences in plumage; however, this distinction has not been corroborated subsequently, and T. manadensis is considered by most modern sources to be monotypic across its ***: We conducted vocal analysis of the cuckoo-doves' main song using recordings collected from across the taxon's natural range. Descriptive information on the songs was obtained from the recordings using bioacoustic analysis software, after which several statistical methods were used to investigate differences in vocalizations among ***: We report deep bioacoustic divergences in vocal trait pattern from across the cuckoo-doves' range, with birds from Peleng and Taliabu in the east having a different vocal trait pattern from birds from Sulawesi, Buton, and Togian in the west. These patterns agree with changes in landmass that accompanied the sea level fluctuations caused by Pleistocene glacial cycles, and indicate that eastern and western cuckoo-dove populations are at the level of different biological ***: We propose that the eastern taxon be elevated to species level as T. sulaensis. Given the rampant degree of habitat destruction in its limited range, this taxonomic change will have important implications on the conservation status of T. sulaensis.

关键词： Wallacea Sulawesi Peleng Taliabu Buton Pleistocene Island biogeography

Prediction of environment variables in precision agriculture using a sparse model as data fusion strategy

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Information Processing in Agriculture 2022年第2期9卷 171-183页

作者： L.Mancipe-Castro r.e.Gutierrez-Carvajal Multimedia engineering Program/Universidad Militar Nueva Granada Bogota 110111Colombia

Precision agriculture seeks to optimize production processes by monitoring and analyzingenvironmental variables. For example, establishing farming actions on the crop requiresanalyzing variables such as temperature, ambient humidity, soil moisture, solar irradiance,and rainfall. Although these signals might contain valuable information, it is vital to mixup the monitored signals and analyze them as a whole to provide more accurate information than analyzing the signals separately. Unfortunately, monitoring all these variablesresults in high costs. Hence it is necessary to establish an appropriate method that allowsthe infer variables behavior without the direct measurement of all of *** paper introduces a multi-sensor data fusion technique, based on a sparse representation, to find the most straightforward and complete linear equation to predict and understand a particular variable behavior based on other monitored environmental variablesmeasurements. Moreover, this approach aims to provide an interpretable model that allowsunderstanding how these variables are combined to achieve such results. The fusion strategy explained in this manuscript follows a four-step process that includes 1. data cleaning,2. redundant variable detection, 3. dictionary generation, and 4. sparse regression. Thealgorithm requires a target variable and two highly correlated signals. It is essential to pointout that the developed method has no restrictions to specific variables. Consequently, it ispossible to replicate this method for the semiautomatic prediction of multiple critical environmental *** a case study, this work used the SML2010 data set of the UCI machine learning repository to predicted the humidity’s derivative trend function with an error rate lower than 17%and a mean absolute error lower than 6%. The experiment results show that even thoughsparse model predictions might not be the most accurate compared to those of linearregression (Lr), support vector m

关键词： Precision agriculture Multi-sensor data fusion Sparse representation Inference of variables Humidity

On q-n-gonal Klein Surfaces

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,english Series 2007年第10期23卷 1833-1844页

作者： B.eSTrADA r.A.HIDALGO e.MArTINeZ Departamento de Matemáticas Fundamentales UNEDPaseo Senda del Rey 928040 MadridSpain Departamento de Matemática Universidad Técnica Federico Santa MaríaCasilla 110-V ValparaisoChile

We consider proper Klein surfaces X of algebraic genus p ≥ 2, having an automorphism φ of prime order n with quotient space X/（φ） of algebraic genus q. These Klein surfaces axe called q-n-gonal surfaces and they are n-sheeted covers of surfaces of algebraic genus q. In this paper we extend the results of the already studied cases n ≤ 3 to this more general situation. Given p ≥ 2, we obtain, for each prime n, the （admissible） values q for which there exists a q-n-gonal surface of algebraic genus p. Furthermore, for each p and for each admissible q, it is possible to check all topological types of q-n-gonal surfaces with algebraic genus p. Several examples are given： q-pentagonal surfaces and q-n-gonal bordered surfaces with topological genus g = 0, 1.

关键词： Klein surfaces riemann surfaces automorphism groups non-euclidean crystallographic groups

A case for systemic environmental analysis of cultured meat

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2015年第2期14卷 249-254页

作者： Carolyn S Mattick Amy e Landis Braden r Allenby University of Texas School of Public Health 1200 Hermann Pressler DriveHouston TX 77030 USA School of Sustainable engineering and the Built environment Arizona State UniversityTempe AZ PO Box 875306 USA

The environmental implications of cultured meat are profound. An anticipatory life cycle assessment of cultured meat published in 2011 suggested it could have a smaller impact than agricultural meat in all categories except energy consumption. As with most technologies, cultured meat will almost certainly be accompanied by unintended consequences as well as unforeseen costs and benefits that accrue disproportionately to different stakeholders. Uncertainty associated with new engineered products cannot be completely eliminated prior to introduction, but ongoing environmental assessments of the technologies as they advance can serve to reduce unforeseen risks. Given the pace at which tissue engineering is advancing, systemic assessments of the technology will be pivotal in mitigating unintended environmental consequences.

关键词： cultured meat in vitro meat factory-grown food anticipatory life cycle assessment systemic environmental implications of emerging technologies

Design of a water curtain to reduce accumulations of float coal dust in longwall returns

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2020年第4期30卷 443-447页

作者： Clara e.Seaman Michael r.Shahan Timothy W.Beck Steven e.Mischler National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Pittsburgh Mining Research DivisionPittsburghPA 15236USA

Accumulation of float coal dust(FCD)in underground mines is an explosion hazard that affects all underground coal mine *** this hazard is addressed by the application of rock dust,inadequate rock dusting practices can leave miners exposed to an explosion *** at the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health(NIOSH)have focused on developing a water curtain that removes FCD from the airstream,thereby reducing the buildup of FCD in mine *** this study,the number and spacing of the active sprays in the water curtain were varied to determine the optimal configuration to obtain peak knockdown efficiency(Ke)while minimizing water consumption.

关键词： Float coal dust Longwall Water spray Knockdown efficiency explosion prevention Dust control

rheological Studies on Glycerol Plasticized Gelatin and Its Blends with epoxidized Soybean Oil

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Journal of renewable Materials 2019年第1期7卷 21-30页

作者： e.M.Ciannamea L.A.Castillo r.A.ruseckaite S.e.Barbosa Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales(INTeMA) Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata-CONICETAv.J.B.Justo 4302Mar del PlataB7608FDQArgentina Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química(PLAPIQUI) UNS-CONICETCno.La Carrindanga Km.7Bahía Blanca8000Argentina Departamento de Ingeniería Química Universidad Nacional del SurAv.Alem 1253Bahía Blanca8000Argentina

Blends of gelatin(Ge)plasticized with varying amounts of glycerol(Gly),buffer solution pH 10 and epoxidized soybean oil(eSO)to enhance hydrophobicity were prepared by mixing and *** were characterized by rheological tests and microscopy to select optimal conditions for scaling up their *** effect of each component on rheological response was analyzed using parallel plate *** of gelatin specimens with PDMS during rheological tests led to reliable and reproducible results since water evaporation was prevented.A gradual increment in eSO concentration led to blends with increased degree of phase separation,as evidenced by optical and confocal *** compatibility between eSO and Ge increased viscosity at high eSO levels,but up to 10%Gly could be replaced with eSO without a significant variation of rheological behavior.

关键词： rheology renewable plasticizers gelatin blends microstructure

experimental Studies on the Thermal Performance of a Parabolic Dish Solar receiver with the Heat Transfer Fluids SiC+ Water Nano Fluid and Water

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Journal of Thermal Science 2017年第3期26卷 263-272页

作者： D.r.rajendran e.Ganapathy Sundaram P.Jawahar Department of Mechanical engineering Adhiparasakthi Engineering CollegeMelmaruvahur-603319Tamil NaduIndia Department of Mechanical engineering Velammal Engineering CollegeChermai-600066Tamil NaduIndia Department of Production engineering Velammal Engineering CollegeChennai-600066Tamil NaduIndia

An experimental investigation has been carried out with aa point focusing dish reflector of 12 square meters aperture area, exposed to the average direct normal irradiations of 810 W/m^2. This work focuses on enhancinge the energy and exergy efficiencies of the cavity receiver by minimizing the temperature difference between the wall and heat transfer fluids. Two heat transfer fluids Water and SiC + water nano fluid have been prepared from 50 nm particle size and 1% of volume fraction, and experimented separately for the flow rates of 0.2 lpm to 0.6 lpm with an interval of 0.1 lpm. The enhanced thermal conductivity of nano fluid is 0.800115 W/mK with the k_(eff)/k_b ratio of 1.1759 determined by using the Koo and Kleinstreuer correlation. The maximum attained energy and exergy efficiencies are 29.14% and 24.82% for water, and 32.91% and 39.83% for SiC+water nano fluid. The nano fluid exhibits enhanced energy and exergy efficiency of 12.94% and 60.48% than that of water at the flow rate of 0.5 lpm. The result shows that the system with SiC+Water produces higher exergy efficiency as compared to energy efficiency; in the case of water alone, the energy efficiency is higher than exergy efficiency.

关键词： Direct Normal Irradiation cavity receiver heat transfer fluids nano fluid exergy factor

effects of obesity on breast size,thoracic spine structure and function,upper torso musculoskeletal pain and physical activity in women

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2020年第2期9卷 140-148页

作者： Julie r.Steele Celeste e.Coltman Deirdre e.McGhee Biomechanics research Laboratory School of MedicineUniversity of WollongongWollongongNSW 2522Australia research Institute for Sport and exercise Faculty of HealthUniversity of CanberraCanberraACT 2601Australia

Purpose:This study investigated the effects of obesity on breast size,thoracic spine structure and function,upper torso musculoskeletal pain and physical activity participation in women living independently in the ***:A total of 378 women were divided into 3 groups(Not Overweight:body mass index(BMI)=22.5±0.2 kg/m^2(mean±Se);Overweight:BMI=27.4±0.3 kg/m^2;Obese:BMI=35.4±0.3 kg/m^2).Outcome variables of breast volume(mL),thoracic flexion torque(N·m),thoracic kyphosis(degrees),upper torso musculoskeletal pain(score) and time spent in physical activity(min) were calculated and compared among the 3 groups,adjusting for between-group differences in ***:There was a significant main effect of BMI on all outcome *** classified as Obese displayed significantly larger breasts,had greater thoracic flexion torques and reported less time participating in physical activity relative to the participants who were classified as Not Overweight and *** in the Obese group also displayed significantly more thoracic kyphosis and reported significantly more upper torso musculoskeletal pain compared to their counterparts who were classified as Not ***:This study is the first to demonstrate that increased obesity levels were associated with compromised kyphosis and loading of the thoracic spine,as well as increased symptoms of upper torso musculoskeletal pain and reduced time spent in physical activity in women living in the *** recommend further research to determine whether evidence-based interventions designed to reduce the flexion torque generated on the thoracic spine can improve these symptoms of upper torso musculoskeletal pain and the ability of women with obesity to participate in physical activity.

关键词： Breast volume Obesity Thoracic kyphosis Upper torso loading