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Perspectives on the clinical management ocalized prostate cancer

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2014年第4期16卷 511-514页

作者： Joel b nelson Department of Urology University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA.

Defined broadly, prostate cancer has two states： An indolent histologicalmanifestation of a locally proliferative and invasive process or a clinically relevant, potentially lethal disease. Likewise, the management of clinically localized prostate cancer must address two questions： what sort of disease is this and what needs to be done.

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Function and dysfunction of GEMIN5:understanding a novel neurodevelopmental disorder

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第11期19卷 2377-2386页

作者： Charles H.nelson Udai b.Pandey Department of Pediatrics Division of Child NeurologyChildren’s Hospital of PittsburghUniversity of Pittsburgh Medical CenterPittsburghPAUSA Children’s Neuroscience Institute Children’s Hospital of PittsburghUniversity of Pittsburgh Medical CenterPittsburghPAUSA

The recent identification of a neurodevelopmental disorder with cerebellar atrophy and motor dysfunction(NEDCAM)has resulted in an increased interest in GEMIN5,a multifunction RNA-binding *** the largest member of the survival motor neuron complex,GEMIN5 plays a key role in the biogenesis of small nuclear ribonucleoproteins while also exhibiting translational regulatory functions as an independent *** many questions remain regarding both the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of this new disorder,considerable progress has been made in the brief time since its *** this review,we examine GEMIN5 within the context of NEDCAM,focusing on the structure,function,and expression of the protein specifically in regard to the disorder ***,we explore the current animal models of NEDCAM,as well as potential molecular pathways for treatment and future directions of *** review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advances in our understanding of this unique member of the survival motor neuron complex.

关键词： cerebellar atrophy GEMIN5 neurodevelopmental disorder neurological disease SMN complex

Hepatocellular carcinoma,human immunodeficiency virus and viral hepatitis in the HAART era

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第11期14卷 1657-1663页

作者： douglas C Macdonald Mark nelson Mark bower Thomas Powles Chelsea and Westminster hospital LondonUnited Kingdom St bartholomew’s Hospital LondonUnited Kingdom

The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)in patients with human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) is *** in HIV almost invariably occurs in the context of hepatitis C virus(HCV)or hepatitis b virus (HbV)co-infection and,on account of shared modes of transmission,this occurs in more than 33% and 10% of patients with HIV worldwide *** has yet to be clearly established whether HIV directly accelerates HCC pathogenesis or whether the rising incidence is an epiphenomenon of the highly active antiretroviral therapy(HAART)era,wherein the increased longevity of patients with HIV allows long-term complications of viral hepatitis and cirrhosis to *** this question will have implications for HCC surveillance and the timing of HCV/HbV therapy,which in HIV co-infection presents unique *** HCC develops,there is growing evidence that HIV co-infection should not preclude conventional therapeutic strategies,including liver transplantation.

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma Human immunodeficiency virus hepatitis Hepatitis b virus Hepatitis C virus Co-infection Incidence Transplant Pathogenesis

Fully-coupled simulations of thermally-induced cracking in pegmatite due to microwave irradiation

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2019年第2期11卷 242-250页

作者： Jielin Li Rennie b.Kaunda Shrey Arora Philipp Hartlieb Priscilla P.nelson School of Resources and Safety Engineering Central South University Department of Mining Engineering Colorado School of Mines Mining Engineering and Mineral Economics Montanuniversitaet Leoben

Fully-coupled thermo-mechanical simulations are implemented in COMSOL Multiphysics to investigate micro-scale stress-strain variability in pegmatite specimens subjected to thermal loading using microwaves. Thermally-induced compressive and tensile stresses increase as the microwave irradiation duration increases. The dielectric constant, coefficient of expansion, and type and size of mineralogical boundary have significant impacts on the responses of the rock to microwave irradiation. The maximum principal stress of the chlorite is the smallest, indicating that the chlorite experiences the most damage under microwave irradiation, followed by the quartz. The maximum principal stress values of plagioclase and orthoclase are larger, indicating that they are likely to incur the least damage. Where quartz or chlorite is dominant, the resulting von Mises stresses are consistently higher after 120 s of microwave irradiation. The rate of generation of von Mises stresses increases most rapidly along the interface between quartz and plagioclase, and the interface between quartz and orthoclase, followed by the interface between quartz and chlorite, and finally the interface between plagioclase and orthoclase. The presented modeling approach provides a practical method to investigate stress-strain relationships within mineralogical boundaries inside a rock thin section.

关键词： Microwave irradiation Thermo-mechanical loading Pegmatite Numerical modeling

The Cloud Model for Climate Change

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International Journal of Geosciences 2024年第5期15卷 366-395页

作者： Michael nelson David b. nelson Retired Pleasanton CA USA

In 1995, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) released a thermodynamic model based on the Greenhouse Effect, aiming to forecast global temperatures. This study delves into the intricacies of that model. Some interesting observations are revealed. The IPCC model equated average temperatures with average energy fluxes, which can cause significant errors. The model assumed that all energy fluxes remained constant, and the Earth emitted infrared radiation as if it were a blackbody. Neither of those conditions exists. The IPCC’s definition of Climate Change only includes events caused by human actions, excluding most causes. Satellite data aimed at the tops of clouds may have inferred a high Greenhouse Gas absorption flux. The model showed more energy coming from the atmosphere than absorbed from the sun, which may have caused a violation of the First and Second Laws of Thermodynamics. There were unexpectedly large gaps in the satellite data that aligned with various absorption bands of Greenhouse Gases, possibly caused by photon scattering associated with re-emissions. based on science, we developed a cloud-based climate model that complied with the Radiation Laws and the First and Second Laws of Thermodynamics. The Cloud Model showed that 81.3% of the outgoing reflected and infrared radiation was applicable to the clouds and water vapor. In comparison, the involvement of COb>2b> was only 0.04%, making it too minuscule to measure reliably.

关键词： Climate Change Greenhouse Gas CO2 Clouds Model Thermodynamics

Decoupling COb>2b> from Climate Change

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International Journal of Geosciences 2024年第3期15卷 246-269页

作者： Michael nelson David b. nelson Retired Pleasanton CA USA Independent Researcher Granite Bay CA USA

This study determines if there is a correlation between rising carbon dioxide levels and global warming. Historical data were reviewed from three different time periods spanning 500 million years. It showed that the curves and trends were too dissimilar to establish a connection. Observations from COb>2b>/temp ratios showed that the COb>2b> and the temperature moved in opposite directions 42% of the time. Many ratios displayed zero or near zero values, reflecting a lack of response. As much as 87% of the ratios revealed negative or near zero values, which strongly negate a correlation. The infrared spectra showed the Greenhouse Gases had an exceptionally low absorption band between 11.67 μm to 9.1 μm, which is a zone called the infrared atmospheric window. Most of the Greenhouse Gases absorb little infrared inside that zone. And that zone is where the Earth’s surface emits almost all infrared radiation. Even with minimal absorbance, water vapor captures the most infrared radiation. It absorbs 84 times more than COb>2b>, 407 thousand times more than methane, 452 thousand times more than ozone and 2.3 million times more than nitrous oxide. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and the United States EPA excluded water vapor because it was not associated with man-made activities. They reported that water vapor and clouds were simply feedback mechanisms from COb>2b>. Clouds reflect radiation from the sun. The Northern Hemisphere is 2.7°F warmer than the Southern Hemisphere because of clouds. The world cloud cover has gone down 4.1% from 1982 to 2018. Calculations show that this could be responsible for 2.4°F of the 2.7°F. The research shows that most of the recent increase in temperature (89.9%) is because of fewer clouds.

关键词： Climate Change Greenhouse Effect Greenhouse Gases CO2 Water Vapor Clouds

Influence of PVD-duplex-treated, bionic Surface Structures on the Wetting behavior for Sheet-bulk Metal Forming Tools

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Journal of bionic Engineering 2017年第3期14卷 520-531页

作者： Wolfgang Tiilmann Dominic Stangier nelson Filipe Lopes Dias Institute of Materials Engineering TU Dortmund 44227 Dortmund Germany Leonhard-Euler-Strafle 2

bionic surface structures, inspired by the flora, were developed for Sheet-bulk Metal Forming （SbMF） in order to locally control the friction condition by adjusting the wetting behavior. Five bionic structures were micromilled on ASP 2023 in annealed as well as hardened and tempered conditions. Subsequently, the structured surfaces were plasma-nitrided and coated with a CrA1N thin film. The influence of the treatment method on the structural geometry was investigated with the aid of a scanning electron microscope and 3D-profilometer. The wetting behaviors of water and deep drawing oil （berufluid ST6007） on bionic surfaces were evaluated using contact angle measurements. The resulting micro-milled structures exhibit an almost identical shape as their bionic models. However, the roughness of the structured surfaces is influenced by the microstructure. The combination of plasma-nitriding and Physical Vapor Deposition （PVD） leads to an increase in roughness. All bionic struc- tures possess higher contact angles than that of the unstructured surfaces when wetted by water. This can be explained by the fact that the structural elevations block the spreading. When the bionic surfaces are wetted by deep drawing oil, the lubricant spreads in the structural cavities, leading to smaller contact angles. Furthermore, the anisotropy of the structure has an influence on the wetting behavior.

关键词： bionic structures sheet-bulk metal forming CrA1N PVD-duplex treatment wetting behavior

Locally advanced pancreatic cancer: staging, operability, and the importance of multimodality therapy

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Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2020年第4期9卷 497-500页

作者： Rebecca Y.Kim douglas b.Evans Kathleen K.Christians Department of Surgery and the Labahn Pancreatic Cancer Program Medical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWIUSA

The role for surgery in the management of locally advanced pancreatic cancer(LAPC)is nicely discussed in the manuscript by Gemenetzis et *** in the Annals of Surgery(1).As the authors acknowledge,therapeutic selection... 详细信息

关键词： Surgery cancer al.

Closing the Gaps in Disaster Management and Response:Drawing on Local Experiences with Cyclone Idai in Chimanimani,Zimbabwe

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2020年第5期11卷 655-666页

作者： nelson Chanza Pakama Q.Siyongwana Leizel Williams-bruinders Veronica Gundu-Jakarasi Chipo Mudavanhu Vusomuzi b.Sithole Albert Manyani Geography Department Bindura University of Science EducationBinduraZimbabwe School of biology and Environmental Sciences University of Mpumalanga.Nelspruit-Mbombela 1200South Africa Department of Geosciences Nelson Mandela UniversityPort Elizabeth 6031South Africa Infrastructure Development bank of Zimbabwe(IDbZ) HarareZimbabwe United Nations Development Program(UNDP) HarareZimbabwe

Cyclone Idai in Zimbabwe exposed deficiencies in the country's disaster management *** study uses a phenomenological case exploration of the experiences of local residents in Rusitu Valley following cyclone-induced floods that affected the area in March *** capturing narratives of participants who were recruited through chain referrals,the research intends to understand how local actors,utilizing their local-based response systems,managed to fill in the voids that characterize disaster management practice in *** show that the participation of local"heroes"and"Samaritans,"by deploying their social networks,norms,relationships,practices,and modest ingenuity,helped to speed up response times and minimize threats to lives and *** of the stories of local actors about their disaster experiences also gives a richer picture of the Cyclone Idai *** the community response system also facilitated the operation of external disaster management agencies,their premature withdrawal tended to weaken the trust and values existing in the area,and created tensions between the disaster-affected people and other *** the delays in formal responses by the government and other external relief agencies,the practices of local actors,although spontaneous and largely uncoordinated,offer rich insights into the design and development of disaster management regimes.

关键词： Cyclone Idai Flood disaster management Local knowledge and action Social networks Zimbabwe