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The Role of International Community in Resolving Criss in Africa: Case of Rw.ndan Genocide1994

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The Role of International Community in Resolving Criss in Af...

作者： douglas GAKUMBA 外交学院

学位级别：硕士

Rw.nda is a small land locked country in Eastern Africa bordered by neighbors of ***, Uganda, Burundi and Tanzania. It w.s relatively unknow. before deadly violencebreak out in1994. It came into the international attention w.en over one million Tutsis andpolitically moderate Hutus w.re butchered in just one hundred days, making the Rw.ndangenocide the fastest, most w.ll-organized killing spree of the tw.ntieth century. In1994on April6th, a Hutu President Juvenal Habyarimana, and all others on board w.rekilled w.en the airplane he w.s travelling w.th w.s shot dow. by a ground missile w.ilelanding at Kigali airport. He w.s from the meeting in Arusha, Tanzania. The massacre ofRw.nda’s minority Tutsi w.ich w.s prepared w.ll in advance by Hutu extremist began hoursafter the president’s deaths. On7April ten Belgian UN peacekeepers w.re killed. By doingthis the extremist w.o seemed to have done their assignment w.ll, knew.the UN w.uld giveup the peacekeeping mission and pull out from Rw.nda, and they w.re right. w.thin the follow.ng three months by using local garden equipment like machetes, hoes,pangs and other low.tech arms, the Hutus slaughtered over one million Tutsis in an attempt tofinish them all. The w.ll prepared and coordinated government attempt to cruelly finish theTutsi population obviously meets the definition of genocide adopted by the UN GeneralAssembly in1948. By signing the convention, members of the UN have committedthemselves to prevent and punish the crime of genocide. If parties w.o have signed theGenocide Convention have committed to prevent and punish the crime of genocide, w.y didthe international community just w.tched w.en the Rw.ndan genocide w.s happening? This thesis w.ll analyze the response of the international community w.th more attention tothe United Nations and the United States, to the Rw.ndan genocide. w.y the UNpeacekeepers already in Rw.nda did give up? w.y did the US, the w.rld’s most pow.rfulcountry in the w.rld refus

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A machine learning approach to formation of earthquake categories using hierarchies of magnitude and consequence to guide emergency management

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Data Science and Management 2023年第4期6卷 208-213页

作者： Donald douglas Atsa’am Terlumun Gbaden Ruth w.rio Department of Computer Science and Informatics Faculty of Natural and Agricultural SciencesUniversity of the Free StatePhuthaditjhaba9866South Africa Department of Computer Science College of Physical SciencesJoseph Sarwuan Tarka UniversityMakurdi97001Nigeria

This study deployed k-means clustering to formulate earthquake categories based on magnitude and consequence,using global earthquake data spanning from 1900 to *** on patterns w.thin the historical data,numeric boundaries w.re extracted to categorize the magnitude,deaths,injuries,and damage caused by earthquakes into low.medium,and high *** a future earthquake incident,the classification scheme can be utilized to assign earthquakes into appropriate categories by inputting the magnitude,number of fatalities and injuries,and monetary estimates of total *** resulting taxonomy provides a means of classifying future earthquake incidents,thereby guiding the allocation and deployment of disaster management resources in proportion to the specific characteristics of each ***,the scheme can serve as a reference tool for auditing the utilization of earthquake management resources.

关键词： Earthquake categories Magnitude and consequence Earthquake classification Resource allocation K-means clustering

Empirical rock physics relationships on carbonate dry-frame elastic properties

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Petroleum Science 2021年第3期18卷 783-806页

作者： Zi-Zhen w.ng Gautier Njiekak douglas RSchmitt Rui-He w.ng Key Laboratory of Unconventional Oil&Gas Development(China University of Petroleum(East China)) Ministry of EducationQingdao 266555China School of Petroleum Engineering China University of Petroleum(East China)Qingdao 266555China Department of Physics University of AlbertaEdmontonCanada Department of Earth Atmosphericand Planetary SciencePurdue UniversityWest LafayetteUSA

Laboratory tests w.re conducted to analyze the ultrasonic velocity response to the pressure change in dry carbonate rocks from the w.yburn oilfield,***-four samples are from seven w.lls w.th helium porosities ranging from 1%to 29%.Thin-section images,SEM and mercury intrusion porosimetry w.re performed to show.their inner structures and pore throat size distributions.P-and S-w.ve velocities(V_(p) and V_(s))measurements w.re first done under hydrostatic loading and then w.ile unloading,w.th confining pressures varying betw.en 3 and 35 *** results indicate that V_(p) and V_(s) in these samples follow.a linear relation independent of the pressure *** ratio V_(p)/V_(s) is more responsive to pressure change irrespective of the pore ***-third of the carbonate samples show.abnormal V_(p)/V_(s) reduction w.th the increase in the effective *** pressure dependence of velocities(PDV)of w.yburn carbonate rocks varies w.dely even for samples from the same formation w.th similar sedimentary *** w.th loosely packed crystals and/or relatively large dominant pore diameter have higher *** exponential empirical model V=A−Ce^(DPe) w.s tested;therein,V is the elastic w.ve velocity,Pe is the effective confining pressure,and A,C and D are the best fitting coefficients determined by curve *** model gives good fits for most of the w.yburn carbonate *** a statistical point of view.there is no difference betw.en the V_(p)-and V_(s)-derived exponential coefficient D.

关键词： Velocity Carbonate rocks Pressure dependence Pore structure

Evaluation of methyl ester sulphonate spacer fluid additive for efficient w.llbore clean-up

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Energy Geoscience 2022年第1期3卷 73-79页

作者： Henry Elochukw. Ezekiel Samansu douglas Aja Ogboo Chikere Department of Petroleum Engineering Curtin UniversityMiriSarawakMalaysia Department of Mechanical Engineering Curtin UniversityMiriSarawakMalaysia

Oil-based drilling fluid(OBDF)is used to drill through high permeable pay zone to prevent possible damage to the ***,the oil based drilling fluid leaves behind filter cake residue and oilw.t surfaces w.ich hinder cement *** fluid is usually introduced to clean up the w.llbore prior to cementing *** w.rk presents a spacer fluid designed w.th environment-friendly anionic methyl ester sulphonate(MES)surfactant and evaluated through a series of experimental tests to ascertain its effectiveness to clean *** of methyl ester sulphonate to confected w.terbased drilling fluid at high amount(0.15 g and 0.20 g)show.d good rheological properties,compatibility w.th OBDF and cement and low.contact angle on steel and sandstone in the range of 21.9°-34.7°.Furthermore,results show.that it requires less amount of MES spacer fluid to revert oil-w.t OBDF aqueous phase to w.ter external continuous phase,validating the low.contact angle *** efficiencies for tw. best performing MES spacer fluids achieved 83.27%and 94.3%*** bond strength w.re measured to be 1.3 MPa and 1.05 MPa for steel and sandstone respectively,above the minimum allow.ble shear bond strength for oil w.ll ***,MES spacer fluid can be used to clean up w.llbores in high permeable formations and in w.ll completion,w.ere strong cement bonding is required.

关键词： Methyl ester sulphonate Spacer fluid Cleaning efficiency Bond strength

Parallel boron nitride nanoribbons and etch tracks formed through catalytic etching

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Nano Research 2018年第9期11卷 4874-4882页

作者： Armin Ansary Mohsen Nasseri Mathias J. Boland douglas R. Strachan Department of Physics &Astronomy University of Kentucky Lexington KY40506 USA

One-dimensional （1D） catalytic etching w.s investigated in few.layer hexagonal boron nitride （hBN） films. Etching of hBN w.s show. to share a number of similarities w.th that of graphitic films. As in graphitic films, etch tracks in hBN commenced at film edges and occurred predominantly along certain crystal directions of its lattice, though it w.s show. that the tracks w.re generally narrow.r than those of few.layer graphene under similar processing conditions. It w.s also show. that catalytic hydrogenation can occur completely through a few.layer hBN film, demonstrating that this process can be used in the formation of isolated low.dimensional nanoscale structures from other layered 2D materials beyond graphene. This ability for thin hBN films to be etched completely through allow.d for a crystalline substrate to guide the etching process, w.ich w.s demonstrated w.th the successful etch track formation of few.layer hBN on single-crystalline sapphire substrates. The substrate-guided etching resulted in parallel few.layer hBN nanoribbons having an average w.dth of 32 nm and spacing of 13 nm.

关键词： hexagonal(hBN) one-dimensional catalytic etching hydrogenation etch tracks nanoribbons

Mitigating osteonecrosis of the jaw.ONJ) through preventive dental care and understanding of risk factors

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Bone Research 2020年第1期8卷 14-25页

作者： Jason Tw.n douglas MSheeley Martha JSomerman Janice SLee National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA Laboratory for Oral Connective Tissue Biology National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin DiseasesNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA

It is w.ll established that alterations in phosphate metabolism have a profound effect on hard and soft tissues of the oral cavity. The present-day clinical form of osteonecrosis of the jaw.ONJ) w.s preceded by phosphorus necrosis of the jaw. ca. 1860. The subsequent removal of yellow.phosphorus from matches in the early 20 th century saw.a parallel decline in "phossy jaw. until the early 2000 s, w.en similar reports of unusual jaw.bone necrosis began to appear in the literature describing jaw.necrosis in patients undergoing chemotherapy and concomitant steroid and bisphosphonate treatment. Today, the potential side effect of ONJ associated w.th medications that block osteoclast activity(antiresorptive) is w.ll know., though the mechanism remains unclear and the management and outcomes are often unsatisfactory. Much of the existing literature has focused on the continuing concerns of appropriate use of bisphosphonates and other antiresorptive medications, the incomplete or underdeveloped research on ONJ, and the use of drugs w.th anabolic potential for treatment of osteoporosis. w.ile recognizing that ONJ is a rare occurrence and ONJ-associated medications play an important role in fracture risk reduction in osteoporotic patients, evidence to date suggests that health care providers can low.r the risk further by dental evaluations and care prior to initiating antiresorptive therapies and by monitoring dental health during and after treatment. This review.describes the current clinical management guidelines for ONJ, the critical role of dental-medical management in mitigating risks, and the current understanding of the effects of predominantly osteoclast-modulating drugs on bone homeostasis.

关键词： drugs metabolism alterations

Interval oscillation criteria for forced Emden-Fow.er functional dynamic equations w.th oscillatory potential

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Science China Mathematics 2013年第3期56卷 561-576页

作者： ANDERSON douglas R. SAKER Samir H. Department of Mathematics and Computer Science Concordia College Department of Mathematics Faculty of Science Mansoura University

Interval oscillation criteria are established for a second-order functional dynamic equation of Emden-Fow.er type w.th oscillatory potential by applying Riccati and generalized Riccati techniques. The results represent further improvements on those given even for differential and difference equations. Some examples are considered to illustrate the main results.

关键词： oscillation forced dynamic equations time scales functional equations Riccati technique

Measurement of in-bore side loads and comparison to first maximum yaw

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2016年第2期12卷 106-112页

作者： Donald E.CARLUCCI Ryan DECKER Julio VEGA douglas RAY U.S.Army ARDEC RDAR-DSM Building 942nd FloorPicatinnyNJ 07806-5000USA U.S.Army ARDEC RDAR-EIQ-SB Building 62PicatinnyNJ 07806-5000USA

In-bore yaw.of a projectile in a gun tube has been show. to result in range loss if the yaw.is significant. An attempt w.s made to determine if relationships betw.en in-bore yaw.and projectile First Maximum Yaw.FMY) w.re observable. Experiments w.re conducted in w.ich pressure transducers w.re mounted near the muzzle of a 155 mm cannon in three sets of four. Each set formed a cruciform pattern to obtain a differential pressure across the projectile. These data w.re then integrated to form a picture of w.at the overall pressure distribution w.s along the side of the projectile. The pressure distribution w.s used to determine a magnitude and direction of the overturning moment acting on the projectile. This moment and its resulting angular acceleration w.re then compared to the actual first maximum yaw.observed in the test. The degree of correlation w.s examined using various statistical techniques. Overall uncertainty in the projectile dynamics w.s betw.en 20% and 40% of the mean values of FMY.

关键词：偏航负载测量压力分布压力传感器发射动力学倾覆力矩角加速度统计技术

Solid state interfacial reactions in electrodeposited Ni/Sn couples

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2010年第4期17卷 459-463页

作者： w.n-ming Tang An-qiang He Qi Liu douglas-G. Ivey Department of Materials Science and Engineering Hefei University of Technology Hefei 230009 China Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering University of Alberta Edmonton T6G 2G6 Canada

Ni/Sn couples, prepared by sequentially electroplating Ni layers and Sn layers on metallized Si w.fers, w.re employed to study the microstructures and grow.h kinetics of Ni-Sn intermediate phases, w.en the Ni/Sn couples w.re aged at room temperature or armealed at temperatures from 150 to 225℃ for various times. The results show.that the NiSn phase and Ni3Sn4 phase are formed, respectively, in the aged couples and annealed couples. The Ni3Sn4 layer is continuously distributed betw.en the Ni and Sn sides in the annealed Ni/Sn couples. The Ni3Sn4 grow.h follow. parabolic grow.h kinetics w.th an apparent activation energy of 39.0 kJ/mol.

关键词： electrodeposition solid state reaction diffusion microstructure kinetics