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Modeling Soil Organic Carbon Storage and Its Dynamics in Croplands of China

Agricultural Sciences in China 2010年第5期9卷 704-712页

作者： TANG Hua-jun QIU Jian-jun WANG Li-gang LI Hu LI Chang-sheng Eric van Ranst Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100081 P.R.China Institute for the Study of Earth Oceans and Space University of New Hampshire Durham NH 03824 USA Department of Geology and Soil Science (WE13)/Laboratory of Soil Science Ghent University Gent B-9000 Belgium

Soil organic carbon （SOC） is one of the centre issues related to not only soil fertility but also environmental safety. Assessing SOC dynamics in croplands has been a challenge in China for long due to the lack of appropriate methodologies and data sources. As an alternative approach for studying SOC dynamics, process-based models are adopted to meet the needs. In this paper, a process-based model, DeNitrification-DeComposition （DNDC）, was applied to quantify the SOC storage and the spatial distribution in croplands of China in 2003, with the support of a newly compiled county-level soil/ climate/land use database. The simulated results showed that the total SOC storage in the top layer （0-30 cm） of the 1.18 × 10^8 ha croplands of China is 4.7-5.2 Pg C in 2003 with an average value of 4.95 Pg C. The SOC storage in the northeastern provinces （1.3 Pg C） accounts for about 1/4 of the whole national totals due to their dominantly fertile soils with high organic matter content. SOC density ranges from 3.9 to 4.4 kg C m 2, with an average of 4.2 kg C m^-2, a level is much lower than the world average level. The model results also indicated that high rates of SOC losses occurred in the croplands with the most common cropping patterns in China as like single soybean 〉 maize 〉 paddy 〉 cotton 〉 winter wheat and corn rotation. The results reported in this paper showed that there was still a great potential for improving SOC status in most croplands of China by adopting proper farming practices and land-use pattern. Therefore, long-term policy to protect SOC is urgently needed.

关键词： China cropland DNDC model soil organic carbon

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Nature Conservation versus Scenic Quality:A GIS Approach towards Optimized Tourist Tracks in a Protected Area of Northwest Yunnan,China

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Journal of Mountain Science 2014年第1期11卷 142-155页

作者： YANG Ming-yu van COILLIE Frieke HENS Luc DE WULF Robert OU Xiao-kun ZHANG Zhi-ming Institute of Ecology and Geobotany Yunnan University Laboratory of Forest Management and Spatial Information Techniques Universiteit Gent Flemish Institute for Technological Research

Development of appropriate tourism infrastructure is important for protected areas that allow public access for tourism *** is meant to avoid or minimize unfavourable impacts on natural resources through guiding tourists for proper *** this paper,a GIS-based method,the least-cost path(LCP) modelling,is explored for planning tourist tracks in a World Heritage site in Northwest Yunnan(China),where tourism is increasing rapidly while appropriate infrastructure is almost *** modelling process contains three steps:1) selection of evaluation criteria(physical,biological and landscape scenic) that are relevant to track decision; 2) translation of evluation criteria into spatially explicit cost surfaces with GIS,and 3) use of Dijkstra's algorithm to determine the least-cost *** tracks that link main entrances and scenic spots of the study area are proposed after optimizing all evaluation *** tracks feature lowenvironmental impacts and high landscape qualities,which represent a reasonable solution to balance tourist use and nature conservation in the study *** addtion,the study proves that the LCP modelling can not only offer a structured framwork for track planning but also allow for different stakeholders to participate in the planning *** therefore enhances the effectivenss of tourism planning and managemnt in protected areas.

关键词： Tourist track Spatial optimisation Nature conservation Landscape scenic quality Protected area

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Modeling the Impacts of Soil Organic Carbon Content of Croplands on Crop Yields in China

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2009年第4期8卷 464-471页

作者： QIU Jian-jun WANG Li-gang LI HU TANG Hua-jun LI Chang-sheng Eric van Ranst Key Laboratory of Resources Remote Sensing and Digital Agriculture Ministry of Agriculture/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS) Beijing 100081 P.R. China Institute for the Study of Earth Ocean and Space University of New Hampshire Durham NH 03824 USA Department of Geology and Soil Science (WEI3) Laboratory of Soil Science Ghent University Krijgslaan 281 (S8) B-9000 Gent Belgium

This study quantified the impacts of soil organic carbon （SOC） content on the grain yield of crops using a biogeochemical model （DNDC, denitrification-decomposition）. Data on climate, soil properties, and farming management regimes of cropping systems were collected from six typical agricultural zones （northeast, north, northwest, mid-south, east and southwest regions of China, respectively） and integrated into a GIS database to support the model runs. According to the model, if the initial SOC content in the cropland was increased by 1 g C kg^-1, the crop yield may be increased by 176 kg ha^-1 for maize in the northeast region, 454 kg ha^-1 for a maize-wheat rotation in the north region, 328 kg ha^-1 for maize in the northwest region, 185 kg ha^-1 for single-rice in the mid-south region, 266 kg ha^-1 for double-rice in east region, and 229 kg ha^-1 for rice and wheat rotation in southwest region. There is a great potential for enhancing the crop yield by improving the SOC content in each region of China.

关键词： soil organic carbon grain yield carbon sequestration DNDC model

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High rate production of concentrated sulfides from metal bearing wastewater in an expanded bed hydrogenotrophic sulfate reducing bioreactor

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Environmental Science and Ecotechnology 2022年第3期11卷 49-56页

作者： Pieter Ostermeyer Josefien van Landuyt Luiza Bonin Karel Folens Adam Williamson Tom Hennebel Korneel Rabaey Center of Microbial Ecology and Technology(CMET) Faculty of Bioscience EngineeringGhent UniversityCoupure Links 653B-9000GentBelgium CAPTURE Frieda Saeysstraat 19000GentBelgium CENBG Universite de BordeauxCNRS-IN2P3/19 chemin du SolariumCS1012033175GradignanFrance Umicore Group Research&DevelopmentCompetence Area Recycling and Extraction TechnologiesWatertorenstraat 33B-2250OlenBelgium

Metallurgical wastewaters contain high concentrations of sulfate,up to 15 g L^(-1).Sulfate-reducing bioreactors are employed to treat these wastewaters,reducing sulfates to sulfides which subsequently coprecipitate *** loading and reduction rates are typically restricted by the total H2S *** stripping,sulfide precipitation and dilution are the main strategies employed to minimize inhibition by H2S,but can be adversely compromised by suboptimal sulfate reduction,clogging and additional energy ***,metallurgical wastewater was treated for over 250 days using two hydrogenotrophic granular activated carbon expanded bed bioreactors without additional removal of sulfides.H2S toxicity was minimized by operating at pH 8±0.15,resulting in an average sulfate removal of 7.08±0.08 g L^(-1),sulfide concentrations of 2.1±0.2 g L^(-1) and peaks up to 2.3±0.2 g L^(-1).A sulfate reduction rate of 20.6±0.9 g L^(-1)d^(-1) was achieved,with maxima up to 27.2 g L^(-1)d^(-1),which is among the highest reported considering a literature review of 39 *** rates reported here are 6e8 times higher than those reported for other reactors without active sulfide removal and the only reported for expanded bed sulfate-reducing bioreactors using *** increasing the influent sulfate concentration and maintaining high sulfide concentrations,sulfate reducers were promoted while fermenters and methanogens were *** wastewater containing 4.4 g L^(-1) sulfate,0.036 g L^(-1) nitrate and various metals(As,Fe,Tl,Zn,Ni,Sb,Co and Cd)was successfully treated with all metal(loid)s,nitrates and sulfates removed below discharge limits.

关键词： Sulfate reduction Sulfides High rate Metallurgical wastewater Hydrogenotrophic expanded bed Microbial community analysis

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Chip-integrated van der Waals PN heterojunction photodetector with low dark current and high responsivity

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Light(Science & Applications) 2022年第5期11卷 901-910页

作者： Ruijuan Tian Xuetao Gan Chen Li Xiaoqing Chen Siqi Hu Linpeng Gu Dries van Thourhout Andres Castellanos-Gomez Zhipei Sun Jianlin Zhao Key Laboratory of Light Field Manipulation and Information Acquisition Ministry of Industry and Information Technologyand Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Optical Information TechnologySchool of Physical Science and TechnologyNorthwestern Polytechnical University710129 Xi’anChina Photonics Research Group and Center for Nano and Biophotonics Ghent UniversityB-9000 GentBelgium Materials Science Factory Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid(ICMM-CSIC)E-28049 MadridSpain Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering and QTF Centre of Excellence Aalto UniversityFI-02150 EspooFinland

Two-dimensional materials are attractive for constructing high-performance photonic chip-integrated photodetectors because of their remarkable electronic and optical properties and dangling-bond-free ***,the reported chip-integrated two-dimensional material photodetectors were mainly implemented with the configuration of metalsemiconductor-metal,suffering from high dark currents and low responsivities at high operation ***,we report a van der Waals PN heterojunction photodetector,composed of p-type black phosphorous and n-type molybdenum telluride,integrated on a silicon nitride *** built-in electric field of the PN heterojunction significantly suppresses the dark current and improves the *** a bias of 1 V pointing from n-type molybdenum telluride to p-type black phosphorous,the dark current is lower than 7 nA,which is more than two orders of magnitude lower than those reported in other waveguide-integrated black phosphorus *** intrinsic responsivity up to 577 mA W^(−1) is ***,the van der Waals PN heterojunction is tunable by the electrostatic doping to further engineer its rectification and improve the photodetection,enabling an increased responsivity of 709 mA W^(−1).Besides,the heterojunction photodetector exhibits a response bandwidth of~1.0 GHz and a uniform photodetection over a wide spectral range,as experimentally measured from 1500 to 1630 *** demonstrated chip-integrated van der Waals PN heterojunction photodetector with low dark current,high responsivity and fast response has great potentials to develop high-performance on-chip photodetectors for various photonic integrated circuits based on silicon,lithium niobate,polymer,etc.

关键词： heterojunction responsivity waveguide

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抗欧亚活血丹凝集素特异性多克隆抗体的制备(英文)

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生物化学与生物物理进展 2006年第11期33卷 1113-1119页

作者：王卫芳 van DAMME Els 何朝族清华大学深圳研究生院生命学部 Department of Molecular Biotechnology Faculty of Bioscience Engineering Ghent University Gent 9000 Belgium

欧亚活血丹外源凝集素(Gleheda)是分离自欧亚活血丹 (Glechoma hederacea) 叶片中的一种糖基化植物新蛋白. 如同其他糖基化蛋白,通过免疫学方法探测 Gleheda 的过程中通常受到一些不相干糖蛋白的妨碍,为此制定了抗 Gleheda 特异性多克... 详细信息

欧亚活血丹外源凝集素(Gleheda)是分离自欧亚活血丹 (Glechoma hederacea) 叶片中的一种糖基化植物新蛋白. 如同其他糖基化蛋白,通过免疫学方法探测 Gleheda 的过程中通常受到一些不相干糖蛋白的妨碍,为此制定了抗 Gleheda 特异性多克隆抗体的纯化方案. 免疫血清蛋白经硫酸铵选择性沉淀后,分别以 Gleheda 和刺槐外源凝集蛋白 (RPA) 结合在 Sepharose 4B作为亲和配体,采用亲和层析法连续纯化 2 次,然后进一步采用离子交换层析 Q Fast Flow 提纯. 经每一步骤提纯得到的抗体组分对 Gleheda 的特异性,均同时采用双向免疫扩散检验和 Western blot 分析. 结果表明,以 Gleheda 为配体,亲和纯化制备得到的抗体组分对叶片粗提物中的许多植物 (糖) 蛋白仍然表现交叉反应. 为除去由植物糖蛋白中的聚糖所引起这些非特异性交叉反应抗体,接着以 RPA 为配体再次进行亲和纯化,Western blot 分析显示,抗体的特异性得到提高但并非除去了所有非特异性交叉反应的抗体. 最后进一步采用离子交换层析制备得到仅抗 Gleheda 蛋白的特异性抗体组分,此抗体组分适用于免疫探测研究. 该抗体纯化制备程序简易而高效,而且不需要昂贵的设备.

关键词：特异性多克隆抗体抗体制备欧亚活血丹外源凝集素(Gleheda)

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Quality assurance and safety of hippocampal avoidance prophylactic cranial irradiation in the multicenter randomized phase III trial(NCT01780675)

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Journal of the National Cancer Center 2023年第2期3卷 135-140页

作者： Oscar Candiff JoséBelderbos Anne Lisa Wolf Eugène Damen Paul van Haaren Wouter Crijns Sandra Hol Leen Paelinck Zdenko van Kesteren Jaap Jaspers Geert de Kerf Wouter van Elmpt Fred Ubbels Sanne Schagen Dirk de Ruysscher Michiel de Ruiter Department of Radiation Oncology the Netherlands Cancer InstituteAmsterdamthe Netherlands Department of Radiation Oncology Catharina HospitalEindhoventhe Netherlands Department of Radiation Oncology/Department of Oncology Laboratory of Experimental RadiotherapyKU LeuvenBelguimthe Netherlands Department of Radiation Oncology Institute VerbeetenTilburgthe Netherlands Department of Radiation Oncology Ghent University Hospital and Ghent UniversityGentBelgium Department of Radiation Oncology Amsterdam UMC-Location University of AmsterdamAmsterdamthe Netherlands Department of Radiation Oncology Erasmus Mc Cancer Institute-Erasmus Mc University Medical CenterRotterdamthe Netherlands Department of Radiation Oncology Antwerp University and Antwerp University Hospital/Iridium NetwerkAntwerpBelgium Department of Radiation Oncology University of Groningen-University Medical Center GroningenGroningenthe Netherlands Division of Psychosocial Research and Epidemiology the Netherlands Cancer InstituteAmsterdamthe Netherlands Radiation Oncology(Maastro) School for Oncology and Developmental BiologyMaastricht University Medical CenterMaastrichtthe Netherlands

Objective:NCT01780675,a multicenter randomized phase III trial of prophylactic cranial irradiation(PCI)versus PCI with hippocampal sparing in small cell lung cancer(SCLC)investigated neurocognitive decline and *** part of quality assurance,we evaluated if hippocampal avoidance(HA)-PCI was performed according to the NCT01780675 trial protocol instructions,and performed a safety analysis to study the incidence and location of brain metastases for patients treated with ***:This retrospective analysis evaluated the quality of the irradiation given in the randomized controlled trial(RCT)comparing SCLC patients receiving PCI with or without hippocampal avoidance,using intensity mod-ulated radiotherapy(IMRT)or volumetric modulated arc therapy(VMAT).The dose distribution for each patient receiving HA-PCI was retrieved and analyzed to evaluate if the treatment dose constraints were met.A ques-tionnaire was sent out to all participating sites,and data on radiotherapy technique,pre-treatment dummy runs,phantom measurements and treatment electronic portal imaging device(EPID)dosimetry were collected and *** part of the safety analysis,the follow-up magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)or computerized to-mography(CT)scans on which cranial disease progression was first diagnosed were collected and matched to the radiotherapy planning dose *** matched scans were reviewed to analyze the location of the brain metastases in relation to the prescribed ***:A total of 168 patients were randomized in the NCT01780675 trial in 10 centers in the Netherlands and Belgium from April 2013 until March *** two patients receiving HA-PCI without evidence of brain metastases were *** patients were treated with 25 Gy in 10 *** runs and phantom measurements were performed in all institutions prior to enrolling patients into the *** radiotherapy(RT)plans showed a median mean bilateral hippocampal dose of 8.0 Gy,range 5.4-11.4(c

关键词： Hippocampus-avoidance profylactic cranial irradiation Small cell lung cancer Quality assurance NCT01780675 Neurocognition

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Proteomics as a tool to gain next level insights into photo-crosslinkable biopolymer modifications

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Bioactive Materials 2022年第11期7卷 204-220页

作者： Nele Pien Fabrice Bray Tom Gheysens Liesbeth Tytgat Christian Rolando Diego Mantovani Peter Dubruel Sandra van Vlierberghe Ghent University Polymer Chemistry and Biomaterials Research GroupCentre of Macromolecular Chemistry(CMaC)Krijgslaan 281 S4bis9000 GentBelgium Laval University Laboratory for Biomaterials and BioengineeringCRC-IPavillon PouliotQuebec G1V 0A6Canada Univ.Lille CNRSUSR 3290MSAPMiniaturisation pour la Synthese l’Analyse et la ProteomiqueF-59000LilleFrance

The distribution of photo-crosslinkable moieties onto a protein backbone can affect a biomaterial’s crosslinking behavior, and therefore also its mechanical and biological properties. A profound insight in this respect is essential for biomaterials exploited in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. In the present work, photo-crosslinkable moieties have been introduced on the primary amine groups of: (i) a recombinant collagen peptide (RCPhC1) with a known amino acid (AA) sequence, and (ii) bovine skin collagen (COL BS) with an unknown AA sequence. The degree of substitution (DS) was quantified with two conventional techniques: an ortho-phthalic dialdehyde (OPA) assay and ^(1)H NMR spectroscopy. However, neither of both provides information on the exact type and location of the modified AAs. Therefore, for the first time, proteomic analysis was evaluated herein as a tool to identify functionalized AAs as well as the exact position of photo-crosslinkable moieties along the AA sequence, thereby enabling an in-depth, unprecedented characterization of functionalized photo-crosslinkable biopolymers. Moreover, our strategy enabled to visualize the spatial distribution of the modifications within the overall structure of the protein. Proteomics has proven to provide unprecedented insight in the distribution of photo-crosslinkable moieties along the protein backbone, undoubtedly contributing to superior functional biomaterial design to serve regenerative medicine.

关键词： (Photo-crosslinkable)biomaterials Chemical modifications Biomaterial characterization Proteomics Localization of functionalizations

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Biochar from sawmill residues:characterization and evaluation for its potential use in the horticultural growing media

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Biochar 2021年第2期3卷 201-212页

作者： Dilani Rathnayake Hamish Creber Reinhart van Poucke Saran Sohi Erik Meers Ondřej Mašek Frederik Ronsse Thermochemical Conversion of Biomass Research Group Department of Green Chemistry and TechnologyFaculty of Bioscience EngineeringGent University653Coupure Links9000 GentBelgium UK Biochar Research Centre School of GeoSciencesUniversity of EdinburghCrew BuildingThe King’s BuildingsEdinburgh EH93FFUK Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry and Applied Ecochemistry Department of Green Chemistry and TechnologyFaculty of Bioscience EngineeringGent University653Coupure Links9000 GentBelgium

Peat remains the primary constituent of horticultural growing media in professional ***,use of peat in horticultural growing media results in greenhouse gas emissions and biodiversity loss due to excavation of natural *** is gaining attention as a sustainable alternative to peat use in *** study examined the potential of biochar produced from a particular type of sawmill residue,as a partial replacement for peat in horticultural growing *** treatments including peat only,biochar only,biochar and peat in 1:1,1:3,and 3:1(V/V)ratios were *** addition of biochar into growing media increased the pH and EC of the ***,physical properties(air-filled porosity and water holding capacity)were negatively affected with the increase in biochar content in the *** to the germination test results,biochar significantly improved germination and the shoot and root length of germinated seeds of cress,lettuce and tomato when compared to peat-only and biochar-only *** inclusion of biochar in 25-50%volume ratio improved plant growth parameters compared to peat-only and biochar-only *** obtained from this study suggest that sawmill residue offers great potential as a feedstock for biochar production and inclusion of biochar has positive effects on seed germination and plant growth that might compete with modified peat.

关键词： Sawmill residue Biochar Peat replacement Growing media Germination

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A Fluorescent Alternative to the Synthetic Strigolactone GR24

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Molecular Plant 2013年第1期6卷 100-112页

作者： Amanda Rasmussen Thomas Heugebaert Cedrick Matthys Rik van Deun Francois-Didier Boyer1 Sofie Goormachtig Christian Stevens Danny Geelen Plant Production Faculty of Bioscience Engineering Ghent University Coupure links 653 Ghent 9000 Belgium Research Group SynBioC Department of Sustainable Organic Chemistry and Technology Faculty of Bioscience Engineering Ghent University Coupurelinks 653 B-9000 Gent Belgium Department of Plant Systems Biology VIB Ghent 9052 Belgium Department of Plant Biotechnologyand Bioinformatics Ghent University Ghent 9052 Belgium f-element Coordination Chemistry Lab Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Department Ghent University Krijgslaan 281--$3 9000 Gent Belgium Centre de Recherche de Gif Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles UPR2301 CNRS INRA 1 avenue de la Terrasse F-91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex France

Strigolactones have recently been implicated in both above- and below-ground developmental pathways in higher plants. To facilitate the molecular and chemical properties of strigolactones in vitro and in vivo, we have devel- oped a fluorescent strigolactone molecule, CISA-1, synthesized via a novel method which was robust, high-yielding, and used simple starting materials. We demonstrate that CISA-1 has a broad range of known strigolactone activities and further report on an adventitious rooting assay in Arabidopsis which is a highly sensitive and rapid method for testing biological activity of strigolactone analogs. In this rooting assay and the widely used Orobanche germination assay, CISA-1 showed stronger biological activity than the commonly tested GR24. CISA-1 and GR24 were equally effective at inhibiting branching in Arabidopsis inflorescence stems. In both the branching and adventitious rooting assay, we also demonstrated that CISA-1 activity is dependent on the max strigolactone signaling pathway. In water methanol solu- tions, CISA-1 was about threefold more stable than GR24, which may contribute to the increased activity observed in the various biological tests.

关键词： strigolactones adventitious rooting branching fluorescent markers parasitic weed seed germination.

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