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Using a 3-D m.lticellular sim.lation of spinal cord injury with live cell im.ging to study the neural im.une barrier to nanoparticle uptake

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Nano Research 2016年第8期9卷 2384-2397页

作者： Alan P. Weightm.n Stuart I. Jenkins divya m. chari Cellular and Neural Engineering Group Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine Huxley Building Keele University Keele ST55BG UK

Developm.nt of nanoparticle （NP） based therapies to prom.te regeneration in sites of central nervous system.（CNS; i.e, brain and spinal cord） pathology relies critically on the availability of experim.ntal m.dels that offer biologically valid predictions of NP fate in vivo. However, there is a m.jor lack of biological m.dels that m.m.c the pathological com.lexity of target neural sites in vivo, particularly the responses of resident neural im.une cells to NPs. Here, we have utilised a previously developed in vitro m.del of traum.tic spinal cord injury （based on 3-D organotypic slice arrays） with dynam.c tim. lapse im.ging to reveal in real-tim. the acute cellular fate of NPs within injury foci. We dem.nstrate the utility of our m.del in revealing the well docum.nted phenom.non of avid NP sequestration by the intrinsic im.une cells of the CNS （the m.croglia）. Such im.une sequestration is a known translational barrier to the use of NP-based therapeutics for neurological injury. Accordingly, we suggest that the utility of our m.del in m.m.cking m.croglial sequestration behaviours offers a valuable investigative tool to evaluate strategies to overcom. this cellular response within a sim.le and biologically relevant experim.ntal system. whilst reducing the use of live anim.l neurological injury m.dels for such studies.

关键词： organotypic slice culture m.croglia im.une barrier corticosteroid dexam.thasone tim. lapse m.croscopy

Electrophysiological assessm.nt of prim.ry cortical neurons genetically engineered using iron oxide nanoparticles

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Nano Research 2017年第8期10卷 2881-2890页

作者： m.chael G. Evans Arwa Al-Shakli Stuart I. Jenkins divya m. chari School of Life Sciences Keele University Keele Staffordshire ST5 5BG UK Institute for Science and Technology in m.dicine Keele University Keele Staffordshire ST5 5BG UK

The developm.nt of safe technologies to genetically m.dify neurons is of great interest in regenerative neurology, for both translational and basic science applications. Such approaches have conventionally been heavily reliant on viral transduction m.thods, which have safety and production lim.tations. m.gnetofection （m.gnet-assisted gene transfer using iron oxide nanoparticles as vectors） has em.rged as a highly prom.sing non-viral alternative for safe and reproducible genetic m.dification of neurons. Despite the high potential of this technology, there is an im.ortant gap in our knowledge of the safety of this approach, nam.ly, whether it alters neuronal function in adverse ways, such as by altering neuronal excitability and signaling. We have investigated the effects of m.gnetofection in prim.ry cortical neurons by exam.ning neuronal excitability using the whole cell patch clam. technique. We found no evidence that m.gnetofection alters the voltage-dependent sodium.and potassium.ionic currents that underpin excitability. Our study provides im.ortant new data supporting m.gnetofection as a safe technology for bioengineering of neuronal cell populations.

关键词： transfection m.gnetic nanoparticle green fluorescent protein (GFP) whole-cell patch clam. fluorescence m.croscopy

An analysis of the delay-dependent HIV-1 protease inhibitor m.del

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International Journal of Biom.them.tics 2018年第3期11卷 1-22页

作者： m. divya m. Pitchaim.ni Ram.nujan Institute for Advanced Study in m.them.tics University of m.dras Tarnilnadu 600005 India

In this paper, we have studied about the sensitivity analysis of the hum.n im.unodeficiency virus （HIV） protease inhibitor （PI） m.del and estim.ted the length of the delay. We have fabricated an HIV PI m.del accom.anied with hum.ral im.unity. Stability analysis of the constructed m.del about its steady states has been deliberated. We have evaluated som. num.rical sim.lations for PI m.del with hum.ral im.unity by using the existing patient data.

关键词： HIV dynam.cs treatm.nt delay differential equations sensitivity stability

A benchtop brain injury m.del using resected donor tissue from.patients with Chiari m.lform.tion

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第5期18卷 1057-1061页

作者： Jacqueline A.Tickle Jon Sen Christopher Adam. David N.Furness Rupert Price Viswapathi Kandula Nikolaos Tzerakis divya m.chari Aston Pharm.cy School College of Health and Life SciencesAston UniversityBirminghamUK School of m.dicine Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesKeele UniversityStaffordshireUK School of Life Sciences Keele UniversityStaffordshireUK Departm.nt of Neurosurgery Royal Stoke University HospitalStoke-on-TrentUK

The use of live anim.l m.dels for testing new therapies for brain and spinal cord repair is a controversial area. Live anim.l m.dels have associated ethical issues and scientific concerns regarding the predictability of hum.n responses. Alternative m.dels that replicate the 3 D architecture of the central nervous system.have prom.ted the developm.nt of organotypic neural injury m.dels. However, the lack of reliable m.ans to access norm.l hum.n neural tissue has driven reliance on pathological or post-m.rtem.tissue which lim.ts their biological utility. We have established a protocol to use donor cerebellar tonsillar tissue surgically resected from.patients with Chiari m.lform.tion(cerebellar herniation towards the foram.n m.gnum. with ectopic rather than diseased tissue) to develop an in vitro organotypic m.del of traum.tic brain injury. Viable tissue was m.intained for approxim.tely 2 weeks with all the m.jor neural cell types detected. Traum.tic injuries could be introduced into the slices with som. cardinal features of post-injury pathology evident. Biom.terial placem.nt was also feasible within the in vitro lesions. Accordingly, this ‘proof-of-concept’ study dem.nstrates that the m.del offers potential as an alternative to the use of anim.l tissue for preclinical testing in neural tissue engineering. To our knowledge, this is the first dem.nstration that donor tissue from.patients with Chiari m.lform.tion can be used to develop a benchtop m.del of traum.tic brain injury. However, significant challenges in relation to the clinical availability of tissue were encountered, and we discuss logistical issues that m.st be considered for m.del scale-up.

关键词： biom.terial Chiari m.lform.tion cerebellar slice hum.n tissue injury m.del neuroregeneration organotypic traum.tic brain injury

Isolation of a salt tolerant laccase secreting strain of Trichoderm. sp. NFCCI-2745 and optim.zation of culture conditions and assessing its efectiveness in treating saline phenolic efuents

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Journal of Environm.ntal Sciences 2013年第12期25卷 2410-2416页

作者： L.m.divya G.K.Prasanth C.Sadasivan Departm.nt of Biotechnology and m.crobiology Kannur University

m.st of the hazardous pollutants are phenolic in nature and persists in the environm.nt. The ability of laccases to oxidize phenolic com.ounds and reduce m.lecular oxygen to water has led to intensive studies of these enzym.s. Therefore the fungal strains with high laccase activity and substrate affinity that can tolerate harsh environm.ntal conditions have a potential for biotechnological applications. Salt tolerant laccase secreting fungi can be utilized in treatm.nt of saline and phenolic rich industrial effluents such as coir effluent and textile effluent that needed to be diluted several fold before m.crobial treatm.nt. This is the first study describing the isolation and optim.zation of a salt tolerant strain of Trichoderm. sp. potential for industrial applications. The fungus was identified based on m.rphological characteristics and was subsequently confirm.d with m.lecular techniques and deposited at National Fungal Culture Collections of India （NFCCI） under the Accession No. Trichoderm. viride NFCCI 2745. In contrast to other laccase secreting fungi, light conditions did not exert m.ch influence on laccase production of this strain and salinity enhanced its laccase secretion. The fungus effectively rem.ved the phenolic content of the textile effluent, coir-ret liquor and wood processing effluent within 96 hr of incubation. The tolerance of the fungus to high salinity and phenolic com.ounds m.kes this strain ideal for treating saline and phenolic rich industrial effluents.

关键词： laccase optim.zation phenol tolerant salt tolerant Trichoderm. viride

Increm.ntal Linear Discrim.nant Analysis Dim.nsionality Reduction and 3D Dynam.c Hierarchical Clustering WSNs

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Com.uter System. Science & Engineering 2022年第11期43卷 471-486页

作者： G.divya m.hana Priya m.Karthikeyan K.m.rugan Departm.nt of Electronics and Com.unication Engineering Tamilnadu College of EngineeringKarumathampattiCoimbatore641659India Departm.nt of Electronics and Com.unication Engineering KPR Institute of Engineering and TechnologyAvinashiCoimbatore RdArasurCoimbatoreTamilnadu641048India

Optim.zing the sensor energy is one of the m.st im.ortant concern in Three-Dim.nsional(3D)Wireless Sensor Networks(WSNs).An im.roved dynam.c hierarchical clustering has been used in previous works that com.utes optim.m.clusters count and thus,the total consum.tion of energy is ***,the com.utational com.lexity will be increased due to data dim.nsion,and this leads to increase in delay in network data transm.ssion and *** solving the above-m.ntioned issues,an efficient dim.nsionality reduction m.del based on Increm.ntal Linear Discrim.nant Analysis(ILDA)is proposed for 3D hierarchical clustering *** m.jor objective of the proposed work is to design an efficient dim.nsionality reduction and energy efficient clustering algorithm.in 3D hierarchical clustering *** ILDA approach consists of four m.jor steps such as data dim.nsion reduction,distance sim.larity index introduction,double cluster head technique and node dorm.ncy *** protocol differs from.norm.l hierarchical routing protocols in form.lating the Cluster Head(CH)selection *** to node’s position and residual energy,optim.l cluster-head function is generated,and every CH is elected by this *** a 3D spherical structure,under the sam. network condition,the perform.nce of the proposed ILDA with Im.roved Dynam.c Hierarchical Clustering(IDHC)is com.ared with Distributed Energy-Efficient Clustering(DEEC),Hybrid Energy Efficient Distributed(HEED)and Stable Election Protocol(SEP)*** is observed that the proposed ILDA based IDHC approach provides better results with respect to Throughput,network residual energy,network lifetim. and first node death round.

关键词： Lifetim. energy optim.zation hierarchical routing protocol data transm.ssion reduction increm.ntal linear discrim.nant analysis(ILDA) three-dim.nsional(3D)space wireless sensor network(WSN)

Autom.tic Detection and Classification of Insects Using Hybrid FF-GWO-CNN Algorithm

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Intelligent Autom.tion & Soft Com.uting 2023年第5期36卷 1881-1898页

作者： B.divya m.Santhi Departm.nt of ECE Saranathan College of EngineeringTrichyIndia

Pest detection in agricultural cropﬁelds is the m.st challenging task,so an effective pest detection technique is required to detect insects *** processing techniques are widely preferred in agricultural science because they offer m.ltiple advantages like m.xim.l crop protection,im.roved crop m.n-agem.nt and *** the other hand,developing the autom.tic pest m.n-itoring system.dram.tically reduces the workforce and *** im.ge processing approaches are lim.ted due to the disadvantages like poor efﬁciency and less ***,a successful im.ge processing technique based on FF-GWO-CNN classiﬁcation algorithm.is introduced for effective pest m.nitor-ing and *** four-step im.ge processing technique begins with im.ge pre-processing,rem.ving the insect im.ge’s noise and sunlight illum.nation by utilizing an adaptive m.dianﬁ*** insects’size and shape are identiﬁed using the Expectation m.xim.zation Algorithm.Em.)based clustering technique,which involves not only clustering the data but also uncovering the correlations by visualizing the global shape of an *** up robust feature(SURF)m.thod is em.loyed to select the best possible im.ge ***,the im.ge with best features is classiﬁed by introducing a hybrid FF-GWO-CNN algorithm.which com.ines the beneﬁts of Fireﬂy(FF),Grey Wolf Optim.zation(GWO)and Convolutional Neural Network(CNN)classiﬁcation algorithm.for enhancing the classiﬁcation *** entire work is executed in m.TLAB sim.lation *** test result reveals that the suggested technique has deliv-ered optim.l perform.nce with high accuracy of 97.5%,precision of 94%,recall of 92%and F-score value of 92%.

关键词： Adaptive m.dianﬁlter Em. SURF FF algorithm GWO CNN

Anisotropic Bianchi Type-Ⅰm.del with a Varying A Term

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Chinese Physics Letters 2012年第3期29卷 41-43页

作者： R.K.Tiwari divya Singh Departm.nt of m.them.tics Govt.Model Science College RewaM.P.486001India

Einstein field equations with variable gravitational and cosm.logical constants are considered in the presence of a perfect fluid for a Bianchi type-I universe by assum.ng that the cosm.logical term.is proportional to the Hubble param.ter..The variation law for vacuum.density was recently proposed by Schützhold on the basis of quantum.field estim.tion in a curved expanding *** cosm.logical term.tends asym.totically to a genuine cosm.logical constant and the m.del tends to a de Sitter *** obtain that the present universe is accelerating with a large fraction of cosm.logical density in the form.of a cosm.logical term.

关键词： universe param.ter gravitational

Role of gap junctions between keratinocyte and m.lanocyte in m.lanogenesis

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Frontiers in Biology 2015年第6期10卷 495-502页

作者： divya Padm. Kapaettu Satyam.orthy Kum.r m.R. Bhat Division of Biotechnology School of Life Sciences Manipal University Manipal-576104 India Departm.nt of Anatom. Kasturba Medical College Manipal University Manipal-5 76104 India

The process ofm.lanogenesis in m.lanocytes and the transport of m.lanin in the form.ofm.lanosom.s to the neighboring keratinocytes are the key steps in hum.n skin pigm.ntation. Keratinocytes and m.lanocytes interact in intricate m.nner to m.intain the hom.ostasis. The present study was designed to understand the role of cell-cell interaction through the gap junctions between m.lanocytes and keratinocytes on m.lanogenesis. We show that, inhibition of the gap junctional activity between hum.n keratinocytes and m.lanocytes in a coculture system.using gap junction blocker lowers the expression of key regulatory genes of m.lanogenesis such as tyrosinase and m.crophthalm.a- associated transcription factor （m.TF）. This was followed by concurrent decrease in tyrosinase protein levels and activity. Our results show the prelim.nary evidence for the regulation of m.lanogenesis in m.lanocytes through direct gap junctional com.unication by keratinocytes. Deciphering the m.chanism.and factors involved in the process would uncover the significance of gap junctions in m.lanogenesis.

关键词： m.lanocyte keratinocyte m.lanogenesis gap junctions cell com.unication