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Changes of lipid metabolism in plasma,liver and bile during cholesterol gallstone formation in rabbit model

World Journal of Gastroenterology 1998年第4期4卷 65-67页

作者： ZHAO JiChun1, XIAO LuJia1, ZHU Hong2, SHU Ye1 and CHENG NanSheng1Keywords cholelithiasis lipids/metabolism cholesterol/metabolism apolipoproteins/metabolism triglycerides/metabolism rabbits diseases models, animal

AIM To find out the relationship between the disturbances of lipid metabolism and the formation of cholesterol gallstones by studying the changes of lipid metabolism in plasma, liver tissue and the *** Male and female white Japanese rabbits were divided randomly into a control group (Con) and four experimental groups of 10 rabbits each fed with a diet containing 1.2% cholesterol for one, two, three and four weeks (1wk, 2wk, 3wk and 4wk group). The measurement of plasma triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and its subfractions (HDL2-C, HDL3-C), very low and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C, LDL-C) was taken with standard enzymatic techniques. Apolipoprotein (apo) concentrations in plasma were measured by radial immunodiffusion assay for apoA1, apoB100, aopCⅡ and apoCⅢ. Total cholesterol of liver was measured by the enzymatic procedure for each animal. Bile acids, mainly glycocholate (GCA) and glycodeoxycholate (GDCA) were detected by dual wavelength thin layer *** In all the experimental groups fed with dietary cholesterol, cholesterol crystal was found in the gallbladder in 2/10 cases of the 1wk group, 4/10 of the 2wk group, 6/10 of the 3wk group and 7/10 of the 4wk group respectively. The concentration of plasma total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), phospholipid (pl), VLDL-C, LDL-C, apoB100, apoCⅡ, apoCⅢ gradually increased (P＜0.05) with the prolonged feeding time of dietary cholesterol. High density lipoprotein cholesterol and its subfractions (HDL-C, HDL2-C, HDL3-C) showed a tendency to decrease, but without statistical significance (P＞ 0.05). ApoA1 was reduced with increased feeding time of dietary cholesterol (P ＜0.05). The hepatic and biliary cholesterol increased 1-1.5 times as compared with the control group (t=5.221 and 3.445, P＜0.05). The GCA gradually decreased beginning from the control group to the 4wk group (P＜0.05).CONCLUSION Owing to the high cholesterol diet, the

关键词： metabolism rabbit lipid cholesterol

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Report on Cardiovascular Health and diseases in China 2023:An Updated Summary

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2024年第9期37卷 949-992页

作者： National Center for Cardiovascular diseases The Writing Committee of the Report on Cardiovascular Health and diseases in China Shengshou Hu National Center for Cardiovascular diseases The Writing Committee of the Report on Cardiovascular Health and diseases in China

Since 1990,China has made considerable progress in resolving the problem of“treatment difficulty”of cardiovascular diseases(CVD).The prevalent unhealthy lifestyle among Chinese residents has exposed a massive proportion of the population to CVD risk factors,and this situation is further worsened due to the accelerated aging population in *** remains one of the greatest threats to the health of Chinese *** terms of the proportions of disease mortality among urban and rural residents in China,CVD has persistently ranked *** 2021,CVD accounted for 48.98%and 47.35%of deaths in rural and urban areas,*** out of every five deaths can be attributed to *** implement a national policy“focusing on the primary health institute and emphasizing prevention”and truly achieve a shift of CVD prevention and treatment from hospitals to communities,the National Center for Cardiovascular diseases has organized experts from relevant fields across China to compile the“Report on Cardiovascular Health and diseases in China”annually since *** 2024 report is established based on representative,published,and high-quality big-data research results from cross-sectional and cohort population epidemiological surveys,randomized controlled clinical trials,large sample registry studies,and typical community prevention and treatment cases,along with data from some projects undertaken by the National Center for Cardiovascular *** firsthand data not only enrich the content of the current report but also provide a more timely and comprehensive reflection of the status of CVD prevention and treatment in China.

关键词： Cardiovascular disease Risk factor Prevalence Mortality Rehabilitation Basic research Medical device development Health economics

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Report on Cardiovascular Health and diseases in China 2022:an Updated Summary

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2023年第8期36卷 669-701页

作者： The Writing Committee of the Report on Cardiovascular Health and diseases in China The Writing Committee of the Report on Cardiovascular Health and diseases in China

In the past 30 years,the accessibility and quality index of medical care have made remarkable progress in China,ranking the first among middle-income *** cardiovascular technologies are at or near the world's leading level,and significant progress has been achieved in China solving the problem of“treatment difficulty”of cardiovascular diseases(CVD).However,due to the prevalence of unhealthy lifestyles among Chinese residents,a huge population with CVD risk factors,accelerated population aging,and other reasons,the incidence and mortality rate of CVD are still increasing,and the turning point of the decline in disease burden has not appeared yet in *** terms of proportions of disease mortality among urban and rural residents,CVD still ranks the *** 2020,CVD accounted for 48.00%and 45.86%of the causes of death in rural and urban areas,respectively;two out of every five deaths were due to *** is estimated that the number of current CVD patients in China is around 330 million,including 13 million stroke,11.39 million coronary heart disease,8.9 million heart failure,5 million pulmonary heart disease,4.87 million atrial fibrillation,2.5 million rheumatic heart disease,2 million congenital heart disease,45.3 million peripheral artery disease,and 245 million hypertension *** has entered a new stage of transformation from high-speed development to high-quality development,and the prevention and control of CVD in China should also shift from previous emphasis on scale growth to strategies focusing more on strategic and key technological development in order to curb the trend of increasing incidence and mortality rates of CVD.

关键词： Cardiovascular disease Epidemiology Health influencing factor Risk factor Prevalence Mortality Community-based prevention and control Rehabilitation Basic research Medical device development

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Report on cardiovascular health and diseases in China 2021: an updated summary

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2023年第6期20卷 399-430页

作者： The Writing Committee of the Report on Cardiovascular Health and diseases in China Sheng-Shou HU The Writing Committee of the Report on Cardiovascular Health and diseases in China 机构不详

In 2019,cardiovascular disease(CVD)accounted for 46.74%and 44.26%of all deaths in rural and urban areas,*** out of every five deaths were attributed to *** is estimated that approximately 330 million individuals in China are affected by *** them,there are 13 million cases of stroke,11.4 million cases of coronary heart disease,5 million cases of pulmonary heart disease,8.9 million cases of heart failure,4.9 million cases of atrial fibrillation,2.5 million cases of rheumatic heart disease,2 million cases of congenital heart disease,45.3 million cases of lower extremity artery disease,and 245 million cases of *** the dual challenges of population aging and a steady increase in the prevalence of metabolic risk factors,the burden of CVD in China is expected to continue ***,new demands arise for CVD prevention,treatment,and the allocation of medical *** primary prevention to reduce disease prevalence,increasing the allocation of medical resources for CVD emergency and critical care,and providing rehabilitation services and secondary prevention to reduce the risk of recurrence,rehospitalization,and disability among CVD survivors are of paramount ***,dyslipidemia,and diabetes affect millions of individuals in *** blood pressure,blood lipids,and blood sugar levels often rise insidiously,vascular disease and serious events such as myocardial infarction and stroke occur by the time they are detected in this ***,it is crucial to implement strategies and measures to prevent risk factors such as hypertension,dyslipidemia,diabetes,obesity,and ***,greater efforts should be directed towards assessing cardiovascular health status and conducting research on early pathological changes to enhance prevention,treatment,and understanding of CVD.

关键词： prevention cardiovascular sugar

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Construction of infectious cDNA clones of PRRSV:Separation of coding regions for nonstructural and structural proteins

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2008年第3期51卷 271-279页

作者： YUAN ShiShan & WEI ZuZhang Department of animal Infectious diseases, Key Laboratory of animal Parasitology Chinese Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Vet- erinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200232, China Department of animal Infectious diseases Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology Chinese Ministry of Agriculture Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Shanghai China

Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV), the causative agent of the ongoing "porcine high fever syndrome" in China, is capable of genetic and antigenic mutations at high fre- quency. How to design vaccine rationally to keep up with the ever-changing prevalent PRRSV variant is of great interest. We developed an infectious cDNA clone of an attenuated strain of Type II PRRSV, and further manipulated the infectious cDNA clone by inserting polylinker between ORF1 and ORF2, en- coding for nonstructural- or structural-protein, respectively. The cDNA was generated from the cell-attenuated virus strain, APRRS, via RT-PCR, and followed by nucleotide sequencing and molecular cloning. The full-length of the APRRS genomic RNA was determined as 15521 nucleotides in length excluding poly(A) tail, which has a 99.7% nucleotide identity with that of PRRSV Nsp strain, also a vac- cine strain. Based on the nucleotide sequencing results, the full-length cDNA clone was assembled in pBlueScript vector, under the control of T7 promoter at the immediate 5′ terminus of genome. To dis- cern the rescued viruses from that of parental virus, a Mlu I restriction site was engineered into ORF5 coding region. Upon transfection of the in vitro transcripts of both the original and Mlu I-tagged cDNAs into MA-104 cells, typical PRRSV cytopathic effects were observed. The rescued viruses from the full-length cDNA clones displayed the same virological and molecular properties. Subsequently, PCR-based mutagenesis was conducted to separate the coding regions between PRRSV nonstructural genes, ORF1, and structural proteins, ORF2-ORF7. The synthetic RNA of such mutant clone, pCSA, was infectious and the rescued virus shared similar properties with that of the parental virus. This study provided a valuable tool for development of chimeric PRRSV as vaccine candidate offering cross-protection to various genetically diversified PRRSV strains, and a platform for further develop- ment of PRRSV a

关键词： PRRSV reverse genetic system coding region nonstructural protein

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Community-based prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2024年第3期21卷 315-322页

作者： Sheng-Shou HU The Writing Committee of the Report on Cardiovascular Health and diseases in China Fuwai Hospital National Center for Cardiovascular DiseasesChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina

The Annual Report on Cardiovascular Health and diseases in China(2022)intricate landscape of cardiovascular health in *** is the third section of the report with a specific focus on community-based prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases(CVD).This section of the report underscores the importance of initiatives outlined in the"Healthy China 2030 Plan,"emphasizing the comprehensive prevention and control strategy for chronic diseases.A key aspect of this plan involves the establishment of national demonstration areas aimed at comprehensive prevention and control of chronic *** 2020,488 such areas had been set up across China,surpassing the initial target and covering a significant proportion of counties and *** report highlights the successful implementation of these strategies in Lishan district,Anshan city,where demonstration areas for comprehensive prevention and control of chronic diseases were launched in *** the course of seven years,the number of healthy units increased substantially,leading to improvements in managing risk factors for CVD among *** reductions in prevalence rates of overweight,obesity,smoking,passive smoking,and drinking were observed,along with the development of healthier behaviors among ***,Qiaokou district in Wuhan City,designated as a national demonstration area in 2014,implemented comprehensive public health promotion ***,special clinics for hypertension intervention were established,contributing to an increase in self-reported rates of hypertension,a slight decrease in prevalence,and a remarkable improvement in the control rate among treated ***,these efforts underscore the effectiveness of community-based approaches in driving positive health outcomes and advancing the comprehensive prevention and control of chronic diseases,particularly cardiovascular diseases,in China.

关键词： prevention district treatment

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Report on Cardiovascular Health and diseases in China 2021:An Updated Summary

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2022年第7期35卷 573-603页

作者： The Writing Committee of the Report on C The Writing Committee of the Report on Cardiovascular Health and diseases in China

In 2019,cardiovascular disease(CVD)accounted for 46.74%and 44.26%of all deaths in rural and urban areas,*** out of every five deaths were due to *** is estimated that about 330 million patients suffer from CVD in *** number of patients suffering from stroke,coronary heart disease,heart failure,pulmonary heart disease,atrial fibrillation,rheumatic heart disease,congenital heart disease,lower extremity artery disease and hypertension are 13.00 million,11.39 million,8.90 million,5.00 million,4.87 million,2.50 million,2.00 million,45.30 million,and 245.00 million,*** that China is challenged by the dual pressures of population aging and steady rise in the prevalence of metabolic risk factors,the burden caused by CVD will continue to increase,which has set new requirements for CVD prevention and treatment and the allocation of medical resources in *** is important to reduce the prevalence through primary prevention,increase the allocation of medical resources for CVD emergency and critical care,and provide rehabilitation services and secondary prevention to reduce the risk of recurrence,re-hospitalization and disability in CVD *** number of people suffering from hypertension,dyslipidemia and diabetes in China has reached hundreds of *** blood pressure,blood lipids,and blood glucose levels rise mostly insidiously,vascular disease or even serious events such as myocardial infarction and stroke often already occured at the time of detection in this ***,more strategies and tasks should be taken to prevent risk factors such as hypertension,dyslipidemia,diabetes,obesity,and smoking,and more efforts should be made in the assessment of cardiovascular health status and the prevention,treatment,and research of early pathological changes.

关键词： Cardiovascular disease Epidemiology Health influencing factors Risk factors Prevalence Mortality Community-based prevention and control Rehabilitation Basic research Medical device development

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Expert consensus on the role of hematological markers in the earlyclinical screening of hepatocellular carcinoma

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Liver Research 2022年第2期6卷 66-71页

作者： Infectious diseases branch of Chinese Preventive Medicine Association Infectious diseases branch of Chinese Preventive Medicine Association

The disease burden of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in China is heavy, and the prognosis is stillunfavourable. Therefore, early screening of high-risk groups of HCC through simple methods is the key toachieving early diagnosis and treatment and improving survival. At present, alpha-fetoprotein and otherhematological tests are still the main methods in the early screening of HCC, but the sensitivity andspecificity are limited, and the risk of missed diagnosis is high. In recent years, with the continuousdevelopment of science and technology, the improvement of traditional detection methods and theemergence of novel markers such as methylated deoxyribonucleic acid and microRNA have brought hopefor further improving the sensitivity and specificity of early HCC screening. This consensus summarizesthe research progress of traditional and new hematological test methods and puts forward expertguidance on the role of hematological markers in the early screening of HCC to provide a basis forimproving the prevention and control level in China.

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) Early screening Hematological marker Alpha-fetoprotein(AFP) Lens culinaris agglutinin-reactive fraction of AFP(AFP-L3) Des-gamma-carboxyprothrombin(DCP) Expert consensus

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Pulmonary embolism and deep venous thrombosis in China

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2024年第8期21卷 775-778页

作者： Sheng-Shou HU the Writing Committee of the Report on Cardiovascular Health and diseases in China Fuwai Hospital National Center for Cardiovascular DiseasesChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina 不详

The Annual Report on Cardiovascular Health and diseases in China(2022) intricate landscape of cardiovascular health in *** connection with the previous section,this eighth section of the report offers a comprehensive analysis of pulmonary embolism and deep venous *** recent years,research in the field of pulmonary vessel in China has made great progress.A number of nationwide multi-center registry research results have filled the gaps in the epidemiology,diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary hypertension and venous *** types of pulmonary hypertension still need attention to the identification of risk factors and/or risk stratification,and venous thromboembolism needs attention in the prevention and the overall management inside and outside *** the future,we look forward to the publication of more high-quality research in China,which could be able to improve relevant guidelines for pulmonary vascular diseases both domestically and inter-nationally.

关键词： epidemiology prevention diagnosis

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KASCHIN-BECK DISEASE IN CHINA:GEOGRAPHICAL PIDEMIOLOGY AND ITS ENVIRONMENTAL PATHOGENICITY

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 1990年第1期1卷 71-83页

作者： Research Group of Environment and Endemic diseases,Institute of Geography, CAS Research Group of Environment and Endemic diseases Institute of Geography CAS

There is one Kaschin-Beck disease belt and two non-disease belts in *** disease is closely related to the natural *** to the natural features of disease areas,the environment can be divided into eight groups and merged into three *** content in the environment of affected areas is lower than that in non-disease *** level of selenium in the environment is a basic causation of Kaschin-Beck disease,while some other factors must be taken into account.

关键词： endemic disease geographical pidemiology environmental pathogeny

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