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Chemical cues from kingsnakes do not cause inducible defenses in house mice

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Current Zoology 2012年第6期58卷 797-804页

作者： W. Wallace starke Ⅲ Michael H. FERKIN Department of Biological sciences Ellington Hall University of Memphis Memphis TN 38152 USA

Abstract Many rodents exhibit inducible defenses when exposed to chemical cues from mammalian predators. These responses may include delays in sexual maturation, smaller adult body size and decreases in litter size and pup weight. We exposed the hybrid juvenile offspring of field-caught and lab-descended house mice Mus musculus to the chemical cues of mouse-fed or chick-fed kingsnakes, Lampropeltis getula, for 20 days after weaning, to examine the effects of ophidian predator cues on prey development. We hypothesized that these cues would elicit inducible defenses such as alteration of growth rates, and/or the timing of reproductive development in mice. Once mature, the reproductive effort of the mice might also be impacted by producing smaller litter sizes or lighter pups or not reproducing at all. We found no effect of kingsnake cues on any of the measures. These findings support the hypothesis that inducible defenses may have evolved as a strategy to deal with specific predators.

关键词： Inducible defenses House mice Kingsnakes Chemical cues Growth and development

The effects of cues from kingsnakes on the reproductive effort of house mice

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Current Zoology 2013年第1期59卷 135-141页

作者： W. Wallace starke III Michael H. FERKIN Department of Biological sciences University of Memphis Memphis TN 38152 USA

It is not clear if rodents express inducible defenses in response to reptilian predators such as snakes. We tested the hypothesis that adult house mice Mus musculus decrease aspects of their reproductive effort upon 1 hour of exposure every 48 hours for a 25-day period to the fecal material and shed skins of a euryphagous ophidian predator, the kingsnake Lampropeltis getula, that had been fed mice. We found no significant differences in the total number of offspring born, the number of pups per litter, and the mean weight of pups in litters born to male and female mice that were exposed to predator cues and those mice that were not exposed to such cues. The lack of an inducible response may be associated with the low cost of an effective defense, or the lack of an effective defense against a generalist snake predator [Current Zoology 59 （1）： 135-141, 2013].

关键词： Inducible defenses Breeding suppression Lampropeltis getula Mus musculus Predator-prey interactions

Yangtze Three Gorges Reservoir, China: A holistic assessment of organic pollution, mutagenic effects of sediments and genotoxic impacts on fish

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Journal of Environmental sciences 2015年第12期27卷 63-82页

作者： Tilman Floehr Bj?rn scholz-starke Hongxia Xiao Josef Koch Lingling Wu Junli Hou Anja Wolf Axel Bergmann Kerstin Bluhm Xingzhong Yuan Martina Ro?-Nickoll Andreas sch?ffer Henner Hollert Department of Ecosystem Analysis Institute for Environmental ResearchRWTH Aachen University Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment Ministry of EducationTongji University East China sea Fisheries Research Institute IWW Rhenish-Westfalian Institute for Water Research Institute for Applied Geosciences Technische Universit?t Darmstadt College of Resources and Environmental science Chongqing University state Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Research Reuse School of the EnvironmentNanjing University

Besides obvious benefits,the Three Gorges Dam＇s construction resulted in new pollution scenarios with the potentials to threaten the Three Gorges Reservoir（TGR） *** order to record organic contamination,to find links to ecotoxicological impacts and to serve as reference for ensuing monitoring,several sites in the TGR area were screened applying the triad approach with additional lines-of-evidence as a holistic assessment *** and the benthic fish species Pelteobagrus vachellii were sampled in 2011 and 2012 to determine organic pollution levels,mutagenic potentials and genotoxic *** regional hot-spots near the cities of Chongqing and Kaixian were identified and further investigated in *** polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons（PAHs） could be detected in sediments in 2011（165-1653 ng/g）,emphasizing their roles as key pollutants of the *** ubiquity was confirmed at Chongqing（150-433 ng/g） and Kaixian（127-590 ng/g） *** were comparable to other major Chinese and German ***,the immense sediment influx suggested a deposition of 216-636 kg PAH/day（0.2-0.6 mg PAH/（m2·day））,indicating an ecotoxicological *** source analysis highlighted primary impacts of combustion sources on the more industrialized upper TGR section,whereas petrogenic sources dominated the mid-low ***,sediment extracts from several sites exhibited significant activities of frameshift promutagens in the Ames fluctuation ***,significant genotoxic impairments in erythrocytes of *** were detected（Chongqing/Kaixian）,demonstrating the relevance of genotoxicity as animportant mode of action in the TGR＇s ***,their derivatives and non-target compounds are considered as main causative agents.

关键词： Yangtze Three Gorges Reservoir Triad approach sediment Fish Mutagenicity Genotoxicity PAH

Effects of dietary menthol-rich bioactive lipid compounds on zootechnical traits,blood variables and gastrointestinal function in growing sheep

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Journal of Animal science and Biotechnology 2020年第1期11卷 227-240页

作者： Amlan K.Patra sebastian Geiger Katharina T.schrapers Hannah-sophie Braun Heidrun Gehlen Alexander starke Robert Pieper Adam Cieslak Malgorzata szumacher-strabel Jorg R.Aschenbach Institute of Veterinary Physiology Freie Universitat BerlinOertzenweg 19b14163 BerlinGermany Department of Animal Nutrition West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences37 K.B.SaraniKolkata 700037India PerformaNat GmbH Hohentwielsteig 614163 BerlinGermany Equine Clinic:surgery and Radiology Freie Universitat BerlinOertzenweg 19b14163 BerlinGermany Clinic for Ruminants and swine Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of LeipzigAn den Tierkliniken 1104103 LeipzigGermany Institute of Animal Nutrition Freie Universitat BerlinK?nigin-Luise-Strasse 4914195 BerlinGermany Department of Animal Nutrition Poznan University of Life SciencesWolynska 3360-637 PoznanPoland

Background:The present study aimed at investigating the influence of 90%menthol-containing plant bioactive lipid compounds(PBLC,essential oils)on growth performance,blood haematological and biochemical profile,and nutrient absorption in ***-four growing suffolk sheep were allotted into three dietary treatments:Control(without PBLC),lower dose of PBLC(PBLC-L;80 mg/d)and higher dose of PBLC(PBLC-H;160 mg/d).sheep in all groups were fed meadow hay ad libitum plus 600 g/d of concentrate pellets for 28 ***:Average daily gain was not affected by *** of PBLC increased hay and total feed intake per kg body weight(Ps of total leucocytes,lymphocytes and monocytes were not different among ***,neutrophil count decreased(Psimilar trend in PBLC-L(Ps of glucose,bilirubin,triglycerides,cholesterol,urea and magnesium in serum were not different among sheep fed different doses of ***,serum calcium concentration tended to increase in PBLC-H(Pserum concentrations of aspartate&asparagine(Psed linearly with increasing PBLC *** ruminal epithelia isolated from the rumen after killing,baseline conductance(Gt;Pshort-circuit current(Isc;Psed in both PBLC *** uptakes of glucose and methionine in the presence of Na+were not affected by the dietary PBLC *** the absence of Na+,however,glucose and methionine uptakes increased(Psc tended to increase in PBLC-H(Pseline Gtwas not *** uptakes of glucose and methionine were not influenced by PBLC in the presence or absence of Na+.Conclusion:The results suggest that menthol-rich PBLC increase feed intake,and passive ion and nutrient transport,the latter specifically in the *** also increased serum concentrations of urea precursor amino acids and tended to increase serum calcium

关键词： Electrophysiology Essential oil Feed intake Growth performance Nutrient uptakes

Laser-induced-incandescence (LII) for particle sizing behind shock waves

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Laser-induced-incandescence (LII) for particle sizing behind...

INTERFACIAL sTRUCTURAL RELATIONsHIP BETWEENs'(Al_2CuMg) AND ALUMINUM

The 24th International symposium on shock Waves

作者： R.starke P.Roth Institut fur Verbrennung und Gasdynamik Universitat Duisburg-Essen Germany

1 IntroductionLaser-induced-incandescence (LⅡ) is a relatively new optical diagnostic for particle sizing which is currently used in combustion science. Its advantage is the possibility of getting size information with high time and space resolution even for nano-particles. LⅡis based on fast heat-up of particles by a short laser pulse and on the observation of the subsequent thermal radiation during particle cooling back to the surrounding gas temperature. Larger particles with larger volume to surface ratio need longer time to cool down than smaller ones. This basic principle of LⅡwas first suggested by [1]. In the work of [2-4] the

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Acta Metallurgica sinica(English Letters) 1997年第4期10卷 304-310页

作者： Q.B. Yang G.J shifietand E.A. starke, Jr(Department of Physics, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China)(Depedment of Materials science and Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesvil1e, VA22903, UsA) Xiangtan Univ Xiangtan China

A clear understanding of the structure of the s precipitates which are present in Al-Li-X alloys is verp imporiant because the s -phase decreases the localization of strainand promotes less anisotropic properties during deformation. The close structural re-lationship between the s-phase and the Al matrix and their possible intedece bound-ary strvcture are described in detail. The proposed model is in good agreement with::::rimental obserwations. The dynamics Of the phase trunWrmation and possiblermation mechani8ms for the s,-phase are also proposed.

关键词： Al-Li alloy s-phase structure

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微机监测系统用于螺旋灌注桩施工

探矿工程译丛 1995年第2期 38-42页

作者： starke,B 宋志彬

Caterpillar公司中速柴油机电子控制喷射系统

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国外内燃机车 2008年第5期 3-8页

作者： Frank starke[美] 黄露霞（译）刘景宝（校）

采用电子控制喷射系统的中速柴油机通过喷射特性的适应性和柴油机优化运行赢得用户好评。这类喷射系统已经广泛应用于高速柴油机上,在中速柴油机上的应用则处于起步阶段。Caterpillar公司已经开发并正在研究应用于C280、M32C、M43C、M25... 详细信息

采用电子控制喷射系统的中速柴油机通过喷射特性的适应性和柴油机优化运行赢得用户好评。这类喷射系统已经广泛应用于高速柴油机上,在中速柴油机上的应用则处于起步阶段。Caterpillar公司已经开发并正在研究应用于C280、M32C、M43C、M25C和M20C等中速机平台的系统。本文将论述在改进排放性能(减少NOx、颗粒物、CO2以及降低噪声)方面存在的潜力,明确指出电控柴油机关键部件所必备的特性,并介绍为使其具备这些特性所采用的两种不同的方案。

关键词：中速柴油机电子燃料喷射共轨系统排放

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炭质材料焙烧过程中的热膨胀研究

炭素技术 1990年第4期9卷 28-32页

作者： Manfred Born Alfred seichter sabine starke 王澍

观察了炭材料在焙烧过程中由于应变和裂纹而形成的体积增大。体积变化在100～200℃之间特别明显。用气压模型和松弛模型分析了在不同温度下成型产品出现这种现象的种种起因。热分解是影响膨胀的主要因素。

关键词：炭材料焙烧热膨胀