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Costs incurred by patients with drugsusceptible pulmonary tuberculosis in semiurban and rural settings of Western India

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Infectious diseases of Poverty 2020年第5期9卷 125-125页

作者： Mihir P.Rupani Adithya Cattamanchi Priya B.Shete William M.Vollmer Sanjib Basu Jigna d.dave department of Community Medicine Government Medical College Bhavnagar(Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar University)Near ST Bus StandJail RoadBhavnagarGujarat 364001India 不详

Background:India reports the highest number of tuberculosis(TB)cases *** has a dual impact as it increases the risk of TB and exposes the poor to economic hardship when they develop *** objective was to estimate the costs incurred by patients with drug-susceptible TB in Bhavnagar(western India)using an adapted World Health Organization costing ***:We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study of adults,notified in the public sector and being treated for drug-susceptible pulmonary TB during January-June 2019,in six urban and three rural blocks of Bhavnagar region,Gujarat state,*** direct and indirect TB-related costs,as well as patients’coping strategies,were assessed for the overall care of TB till treatment *** costs were defined as total costs>20%of annual household income(excluding any amount received from cash transfer programs or borrowed).Median and interquartile range(IQR)was used to summarize patient *** median costs between any two groups were compared using the median *** association between any two categorical variables was tested by the Pearson chi-squared *** costs were described in US dollars(USd).during the study period,on average,one USd equalled 70 Indian ***:Of 458 patients included,70%were male,62%had no formal education,71%lived in urban areas,and 96%completed TB *** median(IQR)total costs were USd 8(5-28),direct medical costs were USd 0(0-0),direct non-medical costs were USd 3(2-4)and indirect costs were USd 6(3-13).Among direct non-medical costs,travel cost(median=USd 3,IQR:2-4)to attend health facilities were the most prominent,whereas the indirect costs were mainly contributed by the patient’s loss of wages(median=USd 3,IQR:0-6).Four percent of patients faced catastrophic costs,11%borrowed money to cover costs and 7%lost their employment;the median working days lost to TB was 30(IQR:15-45).A majority(88%)of patients received a median USd 43(IQR:41-43)a

关键词： Tuberculosis cost tool Catastrophic cost Healthcare cost Treatment outcome National tuberculosis program India Coping Cash transfer National tuberculosis elimination program American thoracic society-methods in epidemiologic clinical and operations research

Constitutive model for monotonic and cyclic responses of loosely cemented sand formations

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2018年第4期10卷 740-752页

作者： Mojtaba Rahimi dave Chan Alireza Nouri department of Mechanical Engineering Azad UniversityKhomeinishahr BranchIsfahanIran department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of AlbertaEdmontonT6G 2W2Canada China Three Gorges University YichangChina

This paper presents a model to simulate the monotonic and cyclic behaviours of weakly cemented *** elastoplastic constitutive model within the framework of bounding surface plasticity theory is adopted to predict the mechanical behaviour of soft sandstone under monotonic and cyclic loadings. In this model, the loading surface always passes through the current stress state regardless of the type of loading. destruction of the cementation bonds by plastic deformation in the model is considered as the primary mechanism responsible for the mechanical degradation of loosely cemented sands/weak *** model cyclic response, the unloading plastic and elastic moduli are formulated based on the loading/reloading plastic and elastic moduli. The proposed model was implemented in FLAC2d and evaluated against laboratory triaxial tests under monotonic and cyclic loadings, and the model results agreed well with the experimental observations. For cyclic tests, hysteresis loops are captured with reasonable accuracy.

关键词： Cyclic loading Monotonic loading Cemented sand Plasticity Constitutive model

Flexural strength of fused filament fabricated (FFF) PLA parts on an open-source 3d printer

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Advances in Manufacturing 2018年第4期6卷 430-441页

作者： Shilpesh R. Rajpurohit Harshit K. dave department of Mechanical Engineering SV National Institute of Technology Surat Gujarat 395007 India

Fused filament fabrication (FFF) has been widely used to develop prototypes as well as functional parts owing to its capability for creating parts with complex geometries in a short time without the specific requirement of tooling. The mechanical properties of parts produced by FFF exhibit 70%-80% of the mechanical properties of parts produced by injection molding. The mechanical properties of FFF-produced parts are primarily dependent on the selection of various process variables. The mechanical properties of the part can be enhanced through the proper selection of process variables. In the present experimental investigation, the effects of the process variables, viz. raster angle, layer height, and raster width on the flexural properties of FFF-printed polylactic acid (PLA) is studied. The result shows that flexural strength is primarily influenced by layer height followed by raster angle. The sample printed with 100-μm layer height and 0° raster angle exhibits a higher tensile strength. Further, the microscopic examination of the deformed specimen is performed to understand the mode of failure. Specimens printed at different raster angles show different modes of failure.

关键词： Fused filament fabrication (FFF) Polylactic acid (PLA) Raster angle Layer height Raster width Flexural strength

Any alternatives to rice? Ethnobotanical insights into the dietary use of edible plants by the Higaonon tribe in Bukidnon Province, the Philippines

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Regional Sustainability 2022年第2期3卷 95-109页

作者： dave Paladin BUENAVISTA Eefke Maria MOLLEE Morag MCdONALd department of Biology Central Mindanao UniversityUniversity TownMaramag8714the Philippines School of Natural Sciences Bangor UniversityBangorLL572DGUnited Kingdom

Though considered an agricultural country,the Philippines is the world’s largest importer of *** persistent problem of insufficient rice supply,however,has been exacerbated by economic crises and natural ***,for the Higaonon tribe in Bukidnon Province,the Philippines,the rich agrobiodiversity and wild edible plants are vital for food security and resilience since the mountainous terrain in this province presents a challenge for rice *** gain insight from the indigenous edible plant knowledge of the Higaonon tribe,we conducted an ethnobotanical research to document the diversity,utilization,and biocultural refugia of both cultivated and wild edible plants.A total of 76 edible plant species belonging to 62 genera and 36 botanical families were *** most represented botanical families included the Fabaceae,Solanaceae,and *** terms of dietary usage,3 species were categorized as cereals;8 species were white roots,tubers,and plantains;3 species were vitamin A-rich vegetables and tubers;16 species were green leafy vegetables;12 species were categorized as other vegetables;2 species were vitamin A-rich fruits;27 species were classified as other fruits;7 species were legumes,nuts,and seeds;and 8 species were used as spices,condiments,and *** the statistical software R with ethnobotanyR package,we further calculated the ethnobotanical indices(use-report(UR),use-value(UV),number of use(NU),and fidelity level(FL))from 1254 URs in all 9 food *** species with the highest UV and UR were from a variety of nutrient-rich edible plants such as Ipomoea batatas(L.)Lam.,Musa species,Colocasia esculenta(L.)Schott,Zea mays L.,and Manihot esculenta *** extensive utilization of root and tuber crops along with corn and plantain that contain a higher amount of energy and protein,carbohydrates,minerals,and vitamins were shown to be an important nutrient-rich alternatives to *** males appeared to be more

关键词： Sustainable development Goals(SdGs) Food security Neglected and underutilized species Indigenous peoples Ethnobotany Nutrition The Philippines

Fluidization and bubbling behavior of potash particles in a deep fluidized bed

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Particuology 2023年第9期80卷 103-114页

作者： Mojtaba Nabipoor Hassankiadeh Jingsi Yang Mark Berrey dave Jordison Lifeng Zhang donald Bergstrom Raymond J.Spiteri department of Chemical and Biological Engineering University of SaskatchewanSKS7N 5A9SaskatoonCanada The Mosaic Company Belle PlaineSKCanada department of Mechanical Engineering University of SaskatchewanSaskatoonCanada department of Computer Science University of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSKCanada

Most existing models for predicting bubble size and bubble frequency have been developed for freely bubbling fluidized *** prediction of bubbling behavior in deep fluidized beds,however,has been a challenge due to the higher degree of bubble coalescence and break up,high probability of the slugging regime,partial fluidization,and chaotic behavior in the bubbling *** this work,the bubbling and fluidization behavior of potash particles was investigated in a deep fluidized bed employing a twin-plane electrical capacitance tomography(ECT)*** volume fraction,average bubble velocity,average bubble diameter,and bubble frequency in both bubbling and slugging regimes were measured at two different bed height ratios(H/d=3.5 and H/d=3.78).This work is the first to illustrate a sequential view of bubbles at different superficial gas velocities in a fluidized *** results show that both the bubble diameter and rising velocity increased with increasing the superficial gas velocity for the two bed heights,with larger values observed in the deeper bed compared to the shallower *** values for bubble diameter,bubble rise velocity and bubble frequency from different models are compared with the experimental data obtained from the ECT system in this *** agreement has been achieved between the values predicted by the previous models and the experimental data for the bubble diameter and bubble rise velocity with an average absolute deviation of 16%and 15%for the bed height of 49 cm and 13%and 8%for the bed height of 53 cm,respectively.

关键词： deep fluidized bed Potash particle Electrical capacitance tomography Image reconstruction Bubbling and slugging regime

Red Light Running in Trinidad

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Journal of Transportation Technologies 2016年第5期6卷 219-238页

作者： Chavin Gopaul Aruna Singh-Gopaul dave d. Chadee department of Para-Clinical Sciences Faculty of Medicine University of the West Indies St. Augustine Trinidad and Tobago North West Regional Health Authority Port of Spain Trinidad and Tobago department of Life Sciences University of the West Indies St. Augustine Trinidad and Tobago

Red Light Running (RLR) has been associated with road traffic collisions in many jurisdictions across the world. The study aimed at evaluating the factors related to red light running (RLR) in Trinidad and Tobago that could be incorporated into policies that would aim to reduce this tendency and its related costs. Using data collected from the Traffic Unit of Trinidad and Tobago and three major intersections in the country, analysis was done on the impact of time of the day, age of the driver, ethnicity, gender, type of the vehicle, location and day of the week which are related to RLR. The results showed that the highest number of RLR occurs during rush hours in the morning and also in the evenings. Also, Indo-Trinidadian and male drivers display a higher tendency towards RLR. It was also established that some junctions have higher RLR rates than others and that Fridays have more RLR cases than all the other days of the week. These findings are very similar to those made in other countries such as the USA. The study has resulted in specific findings that can be used to improve traffic safety policies in the country.

关键词： Red Light Running Road Traffic Collisions Trinidad

Video editing with Adobe Premiere 6.5

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Mitochondrial dNA T7719G in tRNA-Lys gene affects litter size in Small-tailed Han sheep

2003年

作者： Peck dave d.

来源：畅想之星图书光盘版（南... 评论

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2017年第3期8卷 568-573页

作者： Xiaoyong Chen dan Wang Hai Xiang Weitao dun dave O.H.Brahi Tao Yin Xingbo Zhao College of Animal Science and Technology China Agricultural University Beijing 100193 China Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary of Hebei Province Baoding 071000 China

Background： In farm animals, mitochondrial dNA（mtdNA） effect on economic performance remains hot-topic for breeding and genetic selection. Here, 53 maternal lineages of Small-tailed Han sheep were used to investigate the association of mitochondrial dNA variations and the lambing litter ***： Sequence sweeping of the mitochondrial coding regions discovered 31 non-synonymous mutations, and the association study revealed that T7719G in mt dNA t RNA-Lys gene was associated with litter size（P 〈 0.05）,manifesting 0.29 lambs per litter between the G and T carriers. Furthermore, using the mixed linear model, we assayed the potential association of the ovine litter size and haplogroups and multiple-level mtdNA haplotypes,including general haplotypes, assembled haplotypes of electron transport chain contained sequences（H-ETC）,mitochondrial respiratory complex contained sequences（H-MRC） and mitochondrial genes（H-gene, including polypeptide-coding genes, rRNA genes and tRNA genes）. The strategy for assembled mitochondrial haplotypes was proposed for the first time in mtdNA association analyses on economic traits, although none of the significant relations could be concluded（P 〉 0.05）. In addition, the nuclear major gene BMPR1B was significantly correlated with litter size in the flock（P 〈 0.05）, however, did not interact with mtdNA T7719G mutation（P 〉 0.05）.Conclusions： Our results highlight mutations of ovine mitochondrial coding genes, suggesting T7719G in tRNA-Lys gene be a potentially useful marker for selection of sheep litter size.

关键词： Association Haplotype Mitochondria Non-synonymous mutation Reproduction Sheep

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