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Sources and environmental fate of pyrogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)in the Arctic

Emerging Contaminants 2019年第1期5卷 128-142页

作者： j.nnifer E.Balmer Hayley Hung Yong Yu Robert j.Letcher derek C.G.Muir Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme Fram CentrePO Box 6606 Langnes9296TromsøNorway Department of Biology The Citadel171 Moultrie StreetCharlestonSC29409USA Air Quality Processes Research Section Environment and Climate Change Canada4905 Dufferin StreetTorontoOntarioM3H 5T4Canada Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology Chinese Academy of SciencesChangchun130102China Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division Environment and Climate Change CanadaNational Wildlife Research CentreCarleton UniversityRaven RoadOttawaOntarioK1A 0H3Canada Environment and Climate Change Canada Canada Centre for Inland Waters867 Lakeshore RoadBurlingtonONL7S 1A1Canada

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)are large class of hydrophobic,semi-volatile organic contaminants that may enter the environment from both natural sources and anthropogenic *** PAHs arise from the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels and organic matter and following dispersal via long-range transport and may subsequently deposit in surface waters,soils and sediments of remote regions,including the *** current review summarizes and discusses Arctic data that is available for combustion-derived PAHs between 2004 and early 2018,focusing largely on data collected from remote,unexploited Arctic regions and from studies that provide some evidence of a pyrogenic *** increasing use of attribution ratios,which aid in discriminating PAHs from petrogenic or pyrogenic sources,suggest PAHs found in Arctic marine waters and sediment predominantly originate from natural underwater seeps,while those measured in air,freshwater,and terrestrial environments are likely to have originated from atmospheric and combustion-derived *** efforts indicate that atmospheric PAHs in the Canadian and Norwegian Arctic are likely to have originated in the northern hemisphere e predominantly from Western Russia,northern Europe,and North *** Asia appears to be a minor source of PAHs to the Arctic,despite contributing more than 50%of global PAH *** comparison to the growing data for atmospheric PAHs,environmental data for these compounds in terrestrial and freshwater environments remain *** have been detected in Arctic biota from terrestrial,freshwater and marine environments,indicating exposure,however,levels are generally low,as most organisms efficiently metabolize parent ***,PAH emissions are expected to decline in the future,however models suggest the Arctic may not experience the same magnitude of decline proj.cted for other world ***,future changes in climate may contribute to a re-volatilizati

关键词： Contaminants Air Biota Pyrogenic Petrogenic Review

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何时选择堆浸法提金最合适

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矿产综合利用 1990年第6期 52-56页

作者： E.j.mclean 刘汉钊

一个已进行过勘探的金矿床,矿石品位、储量和计划的处理量确定后,究竟用炭浆法还是堆浸法处理该矿最合适呢?将两者进行比较,如果用炭浆法多花的基建投资和生产费用能够被其增加的回收率所得到的经济效益弥补,选用炭浆法是合理的。选冶... 详细信息

一个已进行过勘探的金矿床,矿石品位、储量和计划的处理量确定后,究竟用炭浆法还是堆浸法处理该矿最合适呢?将两者进行比较,如果用炭浆法多花的基建投资和生产费用能够被其增加的回收率所得到的经济效益弥补,选用炭浆法是合理的。选冶工艺的选择主要取决于矿石品位,在炭浆法和堆浸法之间有一个临界品位。本文描述年产量15—240万吨矿石的金选冶厂,用资金流动差分析法(differential Cash flow analysis)寻找这一临界品位。

关键词：金矿石堆浸法提取

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Hexachlorobutadiene(HCBD)contamination in the Arctic environment:A review

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Emerging Contaminants 2019年第1期5卷 116-122页

作者： j.nnifer E.Balmer Hayley Hung Katrin Vorkamp Robert j.Letcher derek C.G.Muir Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme Fram CentrePO Box 6606 Langnes9296TromsøNorway Department of Biology The Citadel171 Moultrie StreetCharlestonSC29409USA Air Quality Processes Research Section Environment and Climate Change Canada4905 Dufferin StreetTorontoOntarioM3H 5T4Canada Aarhus University Department of Environmental ScienceArctic Research CentreFrederiksborgvej 3994000RoskildeDenmark Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division Environment and Climate Change CanadaNational Wildlife Research CentreCarleton UniversityRaven RoadOttawaOntarioK1A 0H3Canada Environment and Climate Change Canada Canada Centre for Inland Waters867 Lakeshore RoadBurlingtonONL7S 1A1Canada

Hexachlorobutadiene(HCBD)is a halogenated hydrocarbon that is primarily produced as an unintentional byproduct in the manufacture of chlorinated *** between HCBD and other persistent organic pollutants(POPs)led to its listing in 2015 for global regulation under the Stockholm Convention on ***'s toxicity and propensity for long-range transport means there is special concern for its potential impacts on Arctic *** present review comprehensively summarizes all available information of the occurrence of HCBD in the Arctic environment,including its atmospheric,terrestrial,freshwater and marine ecosystems and ***,reports of HCBD in Arctic environmental media are *** has been measured in Arctic air collected from monitoring stations in Finland and Canada,yet there is a dearth of data for other abiotic matrices(***,sediments,glacier ice,freshwaters and seawater).Low HCBD concentrations have been measured in Arctic terrestrial and marine biota,which is consistent with laboratory studies that indicate that HCBD has the potential to bioaccumulate,but not to *** data for Arctic biota suggest that terrestrial birds and mammals and seabirds,have comparatively higher HCBD concentrations than fish and marine mammals,warranting additional *** spatial and temporal trends in HCBD concentrations in the Arctic are currently limited,future monitoring of HCBD in the Arctic will be important for assessing the impact of global regulations newly-imposed by the Stockholm Convention on POPs.

关键词： POPs Air Biota Contaminants Long-range transport Review

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Generation and Analysis of Hybrid-Electric Vehicle Transmission Shift Schedules with a Torque Split Algorithm

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j.urnal of Transportation Technologies 2020年第1期10卷 21-49页

作者： Nicholas j. Connelly derek I. George Andrew C. Nix W. Scott Wayne West Virginia University Morgantown WV USA

The increased concern over global climate change and lack of long-term sustainability of fossil fuels in the proj.cted future has prompted further research into advanced alternative fuel vehicles to reduce vehicle emissions and fuel consumption. One of the primary advanced vehicle research areas involves electrification and hybridization of vehicles. As hybrid-electric vehicle technology has advanced, so has the need for more innovative control schemes for hybrid vehicles, including the development and optimization of hybrid powertrain transmission shift schedules. The hybrid shift schedule works in tandem with a cost function-based torque split algorithm that dynamically determines the optimal torque command for the electric motor and engine. The focus of this work is to develop and analyze the benefits and limitations of two different shift schedules for a position-3 (P3) parallel hybrid-electric vehicle. a traditional two-parameter shift schedule that operates as a function of vehicle accelerator position and vehicle speed (state of charge (SOC) independent shift schedule), and a three-parameter shift schedule that also adapts to fluctuations in the state of charge of the high voltage batteries (SOC dependent shift schedule). The shift schedules were generated using an exhaustive search coupled with a fitness function to evaluate all possible vehicle operating points. The generated shift schedules were then tested in the software-in-the-loop (SIL) environment and the vehicle-in-the-loop (VIL) environment and compared to each other, as well as to the stock 8L45 8-speed transmission shift schedule. The results show that both generated shift schedules improved upon the stock transmission shift schedule used in the hybrid powertrain comparing component efficiency, vehicle efficiency, engine fuel economy, and vehicle fuel economy.

关键词： Hybrid-Electric Vehicles Torque Split Algorithm Shift Schedule Shift Map Cost Function SOC Dependent

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Biologically Enabled Syntheses of Nanostructured 3-D Sensor Materials:the Potential for 3-D Genetically Engineered Microdevices (3-D GEMs)

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稀有金属材料与工程 2006年第A3期35卷 13-14页

作者： Kenneth H. Sandhage Samuel Shian Christopher S. Gaddis Michael R. Weatherspoon Ye Cai Sehoon Yoo Michael S. Haluska Robert L. Snyder Ying Liu Meilin Liu Nicholas Ferrell derek j. Hansford Mark Hildebrand Brian Palenik School of Materials Science and Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA USA Biomedical Engineering Department the Ohio State University Columbus OH USA Microbiology Department Scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California at San Diego La Jolla CA USA

Three-dimensional (3-D)self-assembly of nanos- tructures and nanodevices on a large scale remains a grand quest for *** nanostructured assemblies with controlled 3-D shapes can exhibit attractive properties for sensor and other applications. Protocols for 3-D self-assembly that can be scaled up for mass production on a large up to tonnage)scale, while preserving morphological features on a small (down to nanometer)scale,are needed to allow for widespread use of 3-D nanostructures in advanced ***,these often conflicting requirements of scalability and precision pose a difficult challenge for synthetic (man-made)processing routes.

关键词： D GEMs Biologically Enabled Syntheses of Nanostructured 3-D Sensor Materials

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Innovative approaches towards an economic fusion reactor

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National Science Review 2020年第2期7卷 245-247页

作者： Houyang Guo Francis Y C Thio Michl W Binderbauer Richard j.Buttery Thomas R j.rboe Raj.sh Maingi j.hn S Sarff Peter C Stangeby derek A SutherlAND Mickey R Wade Michael C Zarnstorff General Atomics Breakthrough Fusion International Corporation

Nuclear fusion potentially offers a clean,environmentally friendly and intrinsically safe energy source with an abundant fuel supply. Magnetic fusion energy research is approaching a new era of fusion power reactor design and construction planning. New physics understanding and powerful predictive tools have become available for improving fusion performance, developing and optimizing various magnetic confinement concepts. Emerging transformative

关键词： Innovative approaches towards an economic fusion reactor

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Disulfiram’s Antineoplastic Effects on Ovarian Cancer

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j.urnal of Cancer Therapy 2015年第14期6卷 1196-1205页

作者： Youssef A. Rezk Kun Yang Shoumei Bai Karen mclean Carolyn j.hnston R. Kevin Reynolds Ronald j. Buckanovich Division of Gynecologic Oncology Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA Division of Hematology Oncology Department of Internal Medicine University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA

Obj.ctive: Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) enzymatic activity identifies ovarian cancer stem-like cells. We investigated the antineoplastic activity of the ALDH inhibitor Disulfiram on bulk ovarian cancer cells and CD133+/ALDH+ cancer stem-like cells. Study Design: Ovarian cancer cell lines, human ovarian surface epithelial cells, and mesenchymal stem cells were treated with increasing concentrations of Disulfiram and/or Cisplatin in vitro. Treated cells were assessed for viability or FACS-analyzed for either percentage of ovarian cancer stem-like cells or induction of apoptosis. Disulfiram’s impact on cancer stem-like cells was tested in vitro using tumor sphere formation assays and in vivo using tumor initiation assays with in vitro-treated A2780 cells in NSG mice. Finally, Disulfiram’s in vivo activity was assessed versus CD133+/ALDH+ cell-initiated tumor xenografts. Results: Disulfiram demonstrated antineoplastic activity against multiple ovarian cancer cell lines. While Disulfiram had limited in vitro toxicity against human ovarian surface epithelial cells or mesenchymal stem cells (IC50 of ~15 μM and >30 μM, respectively), its antineoplastic activity against cell lines was comparable to Cisplatin (IC50 ~1.5 μM). Disulfiram-mediated cell death was due, at least in part, to induction of apoptosis. Disulfiram activity was additive with chemotherapy. Disulfiram demonstrated selective depletion of CD44+ cells but not the CD133+ cancer stem-like cells. Disulfiram had no therapeutic impact on tumor initiation studies or in vivo therapy of whole cell line or stem cell-initiated tumor xenografts. Conclusions: In biologically relevant concentrations, Disulfiram has clear antineoplastic activity against ovarian cancer cells in vitro. Disulfiram selectively depleted CD44+ but not CD133+ ovarian cancer stem-like cells in vitro. However, Disulfiram had no significant activity in vivo. Thus, improved and more selective ALDH inhibitors may be required to target ovarian cancer s

关键词： Antineoplastic ALDH Disulfiram NSG Mice Ovarian Cancer Stem Cells

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中国和美国原始土壤中非高温发现和鉴定

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生物多样性 2006年第3期14卷 181-187页

作者：樊昊心 derek j. Fairley Christopher Rensing Ian L. Pepper 王革娇华中农业大学农业微生物学国家重点实验室 Queen’s University Environmental Science & Technology Research Centre (QUESTOR) The Queen’s University of Belfast Belfast BT9 5AG UK Department of Soil Water and Environmental Science The University of Arizona Tucson AZ 85721 USA

近年来在非极端环境中已经发现有古菌(Archaea)的存在, 但在中国原始土壤中还未见报道。本研究的目的是调查古菌是否存在于两个分别取自中国新疆和广西的土壤及两个美国亚利桑那州南部地区的土壤中。我们分别构建了这四个原始土壤的古菌... 详细信息

近年来在非极端环境中已经发现有古菌(Archaea)的存在, 但在中国原始土壤中还未见报道。本研究的目的是调查古菌是否存在于两个分别取自中国新疆和广西的土壤及两个美国亚利桑那州南部地区的土壤中。我们分别构建了这四个原始土壤的古菌16S rDNA文库并对28个克隆的16S rDNA进行了鉴定。所有这些16S rDNA的序列都归类于古菌的泉古菌门(Crenarchaeota)。进化树分析表明, 这些泉古菌的16S rDNA属于非高温陆地环境中的泉古菌种群, 明显区别于海洋和淡水地带的泉古菌种群。这个泉古菌种群又有两个分支, 这两个分支在16S rDNA序列上和G+C含量上有明显的区别。本研究在两个中国和两个美国原始土壤中鉴定了非高温泉古菌的存在, 由此证明泉古菌的存在范围不只局限于高温等极端环境。另外, 美国原始土壤中的泉古菌只属于一个进化分支, 这说明非高温泉古菌种群的类型和土壤的地理位置及土壤特性有关。

关键词： 16SrDNA 古菌非高温泉古菌免培养法原始土壤

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利用铝业废渣和副产品作为钢铁工业精炼合成渣

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钢铁 2003年第Z1期38卷 208-212页

作者： Y.-D. Yang I.D. Sommerville A. mclean X. Bi j. Hou Dept. Of Materials Science & Engineering University of Toronto Ontario Canada M5S-3E4 Dept. Of Materials Science & Engineering University of Toronto Ontario Canada M5S-3E4 Dept. Of Materials Science & Engineering University of Toronto Ontario Canada M5S-3E4 Dept. of Metallurgy Wuhan University of Science & Technology HuBei China Shandong Aluminum Co. Ltd. Zhibo Shandong China

讨论了利用铝业的废渣和副产品作为钢铁工业的精炼合成渣的可能性和实际结果,介绍了一些将铝业废渣转化为炼钢合成渣的成功工艺,概述了脱硫方面使用铝酸钙为基的合成渣的有关理论.通过合理利用冶金废渣材料,可减少对来自冶金工业的固体... 详细信息

讨论了利用铝业的废渣和副产品作为钢铁工业的精炼合成渣的可能性和实际结果,介绍了一些将铝业废渣转化为炼钢合成渣的成功工艺,概述了脱硫方面使用铝酸钙为基的合成渣的有关理论.通过合理利用冶金废渣材料,可减少对来自冶金工业的固体废渣的总处理量.

关键词：铝业铝酸钙环境铁水脱硫废渣

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Circling the Blood in the Water: The Difficulties in Endangered Species Protections for the Great White Shark

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Natural Resources 2014年第11期5卷 666-680页

作者： derek j.lio S.j. Quinney College of Law Salt Lake City USA

The purpose of legislation like the Endangered Species Act is to provide a means to conserve the ecosystems of endangered and threatened species, but not all species that may appear to need conservation are granted protection. An estimated 100 million sharks are killed each year largely due to exploitation, yet few shark species are ever granted protection under state or federal endangered species acts. The Northeastern Pacific population of the Great White Shark is no exception. Despite the numerous threats facing the white shark, NOAA denied a petition to list it as an endangered or threatened species under the federal Endangered Species Act. In light of the pending California decision to list the white shark under its state endangered species act, this paper considers whether or not such extreme protections are necessary. This paper first discusses the threats facing the white shark, the listing processes of both the federal and the California endangered species acts, and NOAA’s 12-month negative finding. Finally, this paper concludes that endangered species protections are not warranted in the case of the Northeastern Pacific white shark because of prior government intervention and conservation efforts already in place.

关键词： Endangered Species Act ESA CESA California Endangered Species Act Great White Shark

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