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Pathophysiology of cerebral oedema in acute liver failure

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第48期19卷 9240-9255页

作者： Teresa R Scott Victoria T Kronsten Robin D Hughes debbie l shawcross Institute of liver Studies King’s College London School of Medicine at King’s College Hospital King’s College Hospital London SE5 9RS United Kingdom

Cerebral oedema is a devastating consequence of acute liver failure(AlF)and may be associated with the development of intracranial hypertension and *** AlF,some patients may develop cerebral oedema and increased intracranial pressure but progression to lifethreatening intracranial hypertension is less frequent than previously described,complicating less than one third of cases who have proceeded to coma since the advent of improved clinical *** rapid onset of encephalopathy may be dramatic with the development of asterixis,delirium,seizures and *** and vasogenic oedema mechanisms have been implicated with a preponderance of experimental data favouring a cytotoxic *** swelling is the most consistent neuropathological finding in humans with AlF and ammonia plays a definitive role in the development of cytotoxic brain *** mechanism(s)by which ammonia induces astrocyte swelling remains unclear but glutamine accumulation within astrocytes has led to the osmolyte *** evidence also supports an alternate‘Trojan horse’hypothesis,with glutamine as a carrier of ammonia into mitochondria,where its accumulation results in oxidative stress,energy failure and ultimately astrocyte *** a complete breakdown of the blood-brain barrier is not evident in human AlF,increased permeation to water and other small molecules such as ammonia has been demonstrated resulting from subtle alterations in the protein composition of paracellular tight *** present,there is no fully efficacious therapy for cerebral oedema other than liver transplantation and this reflects our incomplete knowledge of the precise mechanisms underlying this process which remain largely unknown.

关键词： Cerebral oedema Acute liver failure Ammonia Hepatic encephalopathy Intracranial pressure Intracranial hypertension Cerebral blood flow

Plasma angiopoietin 2 as a novel prognostic biomarker in alcohol- related cirrhosis and hepatitis

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liver Research 2022年第1期6卷 21-29页

作者： Victoria Tatiana Kronsten Josepmaria Argemi Ada Sera Kurt Godhev Mannakat Vijay Jennifer Marie Ryan Ramon Bataller debbie lindsay shawcross Institute of liver Studies Department of Inflammation BiologySchool of Immunology and Microbial SciencesFaculty of Life Sciences and MedicineKing's College LondonUK Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology and NutritionPittsburgh Liver Research CenterUniversity of Pittsburgh Medical CenterPittsburghPAUSA liver Unit.University of Navarra Clinic Hepatology Program.Center for Applied Medical Research(CIMA)Navarra Research InstitutePamplonaSpain Department of Hepatology Royal Free HospitalLondonUK

Background and aim:Severe alcoholic hepatitis(SAH),the most florid form of alcohol-related liver dis-ease(AlD),has a mortality rate of 16%at 28 *** angiopoietin-Tie 2 system regulates angiogenesis and inflammation,both of which are implicated in the pathogenesis of *** study examined plasma and hepatic gene expression of angiopoietin 1(ANG1)and angiopoietin 2(ANG2)in patients with SAH and AlD and investigated their roles as prognostic ***:A case-control study was performed measuring plasma levels of ANG1 and ANG2 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ElISA)from 30 patients with SAH(Maddrey's discriminant function32),32 patients with AlD cirrhosis and 15 healthy controls(HC).RNA sequencing for ANG1,ANG2,TIE1(codes for Tie1 receptor)and TEK(codes for Tie2 receptor)gene expression from a separate cohort study of 79 patients was also ***:Plasma levels of ANG1 were lower(P=0.010)and ANG2 were higher(PlD/SAH compared to *** ANG2:ANG1 ratio was higher in those with AlD/SAH compared to HC(Plevels were the highest in patients who developed sepsis(P=0.030)and those dying within 90 days(P=0.020).ANG2 levels correlated positively with model for end-stage liver disease(MElD)score(r=0.30,P=0.020),Child-Pugh score(r=0.38,P=0.003),international normalized ratio(r=0.41,P=0.001)and white blood cell count(r=0.28,P=0.040)and inversely correlated with albumin(r=0.26,P=0.040).ANG1 gene expression from liver biopsies was higher in SAH than that in HC(Plower in SAH than that in HC(P=0.070)though was upregulated in severe disease(P=0.0003).Conclusions:Plasma ANG2 is raised in SAH and AlD and could be useful as a prognostic biomarker in this patient population.

关键词： Alcohol-related cirrhosis Alcoholic hepatitis Alcohol-related liver disease(AlD) Angiopoietin 1(ANG1) Angiopoietin 2(ANG2)

Generation and characterization of novel stromal specific antibodies

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Cell Research 2005年第9期 64-69页

作者： Sapna HAlDER,debbie l. HARDIE,Dagmar SCHEEl-TOEllNER,Mike SAlMON,Christopher D. BUCKlEY Prostate Cancer Research Centre Institute of Urology (3rd floor) University College london 67 Riding House Street london W1W 7EJ UK Rheumatology Research Group MRC Centre for Immune Regulation Institute of Biomedical Research (3rd or 4th floor) University of Birmingham Birmingham B15 2TT U K Rheumatology Research Group MRC Centre for Immune Regulation Institute of Biomedical Research (3rd or 4th floor) University of Birmingham Birmingham B15 2TT U K Rheumatology Research Group MRC Centre for Immune Regulation Institute of Biomedical Research (3rd or 4th floor) University of Birmingham Birmingham B15 2TT U K Rheumatology Research Group MRC Centre for Immune Regulation Institute of Biomedical Research (3rd or 4th floor) University of Birmingham Birmingham B15 2TT U K

Rheumatoid synovial fibroblasts were used as an immunogen to produce monoclonal antibodies selected for their reactivity with stromal cell antigens. Mice were immunised with low passage whole cell preparations and the subsequent hybridomas were screened by immunohistochemistry on rheumatoid synovium and tonsil sections. The aim was to identify those antibodies that recognised antigens that were restricted to stromal cells and were not expressed on CD45 positive leucocytes. A significant number of antibodies detected antigen that identified endothelial cells. These antibodies were further characterised to determine whether the vessels identified by these antibodies were vascular or lymphatic. From five fusions clones were identified with predominant reactivity with: 1) fibroblasts and endothelial cells; or 2) broad stromal elements (fibroblast, endothelium, epithelium, follicular dendritic cells). A fibroblast-specific antibody that did not also identify vessels was not generated. Examples of each reactivity pattern are discussed.

关键词： stromal mesenchymal non-haematopoietic rheumatoid fibroblasts CD45.

Saffron (Crocus sativus l.) and major depressive disorder:a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials

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Journal of Integrative Medicine 2013年第6期11卷 377-383页

作者： Heather Ann Hausenblas debbie Saha Pamela Jean Dubyak Stephen Douglas Anton Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences Jacksonville University Department of Aging and Geriatric Research University of Florida

Due to safety concerns and side effects of many antidepressant medications, herbal psychopharmacology research has increased, and herbal remedies are becoming increasingly popular as alternatives to prescribed medications for the treatment of major depressive disorder （MDD）. Of these, accumulating trials reveal positive effects of the spice saffron （Crocus sativus l.） for the treatment of depression. A comprehensive and statistical review of the clinical trials examining the effects of saffron for treatment of MDD is warranted. OBJECTIVE： The purpose of this study was to conduct a meta-analysis of published randomized controlled trials examining the effects of saffron supplementation on symptoms of depression among participants with MDD. SEARCH STRATEGY： We conducted electronic and non-electronic searches to identify all relevant randomized, double-blind controlled trials. Reference lists of all retrieved articles were searched for relevant studies. INClUSION CRITERIA： The criteria for study selection included the following：（1） adults （aged 18 and older） with symptoms of depression, （2） randomized controlled trial, （3） effects of saffron supplementation on depressive symptoms examined, and （4） study had either a placebo control or antidepressant comparison group. DATA EXTRACTION AND ANAlYSIS： Using random effects modeling procedures, we calculated weighted mean effect sizes separately for the saffron supplementation vs placebo control groups, and for the saffron supplementation vs antidepressant groups. The methodological quality of all studies was assessed using the Jadad score. The computer software Comprehensive Meta- analysis 2 was used to analyze the data. RESUlTS： Based on our pre-specified criteria, five randomized controlled trials （n = 2 placebo controlled trials, n = 3 antidepressant controlled trials） were included in our review. A large effect size was found for saffron supplementation vs placebo control in treating depressive symptoms （M ES = 1.62, P 〈

关键词： Crocus depressive disorder dietary supplements mood disorders quality of life medicine, herbal meta-analysis

Essentials of Dental Assisting

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The Effects of low Intensity Endurance Activity on Various Physiological Parameters and Exercise Induced Oxidative Stress in Dogs

2007年

作者： Robinson, debbie S./ Bird, Doni l.

ISBN: (纸本)9781416036685

Now in full color, this practical resource is designed and written to help students easily grasp the information essential for practice. With tables, boxes, and step-by-step procedures that highlight key content, it's concise and reader-friendly. Student learning aids include highlighted key terms, chapter goals, and Apply Your Knowledge questions at the end of each chapter. A companion copy of Saunders' The Dental Assisting Video Procedures CD-ROM is included. Procedures at the back of every chapter and competency checklists at the end of the book for easy access. The Dental Assisting Video Procedures CD-ROM, at no additional cost, brings key office procedures to life. learning objectives for meeting theoretical and procedural objectives. Student learning aids, like highlighted key terms, chapter goals, and Apply Your Knowledge questions at the end of each chapter. Ethical Implications boxes located at the end of each chapter summarize the ethical and legal issues presented in each chapter to familiarize students with certain legal and ethical situations in order to protect themselves, their patients, and the practice for which they work. A CD-ROM tutorial, included in the text, workbook, and instructor's resource manual, walks users through installation and how to use the The Dental Assisting Video Procedures CD-ROM. Photos, procedures, and the interior design are available in full color for the first time to bring concepts to life.

关键词： Dental assistants.

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Open Journal of Veterinary Medicine 2014年第7期4卷 134-144页

作者： Janice l. Huntingford Corri B. levine debbie J. Mustacich Devin Corrigan Robert l. Downey Joseph J. Wakshlag Annamaet Petfood Company Sellersville PA USA Department of Clinical Sciences Cornell University Ithaca NY USA Essex Animal Hospital Essex Canada linus Pauling Institute Oregon State University Corvallis OR USA

The study of canine athlete physiology has focused on endurance sled dog racing and high intensity short duration Greyhound racing, yet the number of dogs competing in low intensity endurance activities is rising due to the increased numbers of hunting and companion dog activities. There is little information on the physiological effect of longer duration low intensity endurance activities. We set out to evaluate the serum biochemistry, oxidative stress, and cortisol response before and after two consecutive days of exercise in ten healthy unconditioned male dogs. Exercise sessions consisted of 120 minutes on an exercise wheel at 11 km/hour on 2 consecutive days. Blood was collected at four time points: 24 hours pre-exercise (sample 1, Day 0, resting);2 min post-exercise on days 1 and 2, (samples 2 and 3, respectively);and 20 hours post-exercise, collected on day 3(sample 4). Hematocrit, blood gases, serum chemistry, uric acid, cortisol, and F2-isoprostanes were determined. Serum biochemistry and hematocrit suggested hemoconcentration, mild muscle damage and respiratory alkalosis during exercise, which was expected in the unconditioned canine athlete. In addition, plasma indices of oxidative damage (F2-isoprostanes) increased, as did plasma uric acid (an endogenous antioxidant). Importantly, similar to human studies, plasma F2-isoprostanes decreased 24 hours after exercise suggesting a protective effect of exercise. Serum cortisol concentrations were also markedly elevated at the end of exercise on both days suggesting that timing of sampling may play a role in interpreting cortisol results when looking at previous field studies.

关键词： Exercise Cortisol Isoprostane Dehydration Uric Acid

Biochemical and behavioral characterization of the double transgenic mouse model (APPswe/PS1dE9) of Alzheimer’s disease

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2011年第4期27卷 221-232页

作者： Huaqi XIONG debbie Callaghan Jolanta Wodzinska Jiejing XU Maryna Premyslova Qing-Yan lIU John Con- nelly Wandong ZHANG 加拿大国家科学院生物科学研究所神经生物学系渥太华安大略省加拿大 ApoPharma公司多伦多安大略省加拿大

Objective The double transgenic mouse model （APPswe/PSldE9） of Alzheimer＇s disease （AD） has been widely used in experimental studies. β-Amyloid （Aβ） peptide is excessively produced in AD mouse brain, which affects synaptic function and the development of central nervous system. However, little has been reported on characterization of this model. The present study aimed to characterize this mouse AD model and its wild-type counterparts by biochemical and functional approaches. Methods Blood samples were collected from the transgenic and the wild-type mice, and radial arm water maze behavioral test was conducted at the ages of 6 and 12 months. The mice were sacrificed at 12-month age. One hemisphere of the brain was frozen-sectioned for immunohistochemistry and the other hemisphere was dissected into 7 regions. The levels ofAβ1-40, Aβ1-42 and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine （8-OHdG） in blood or/and brain samples were analyzed by ElISA. Secretase activities in brain regions were analyzed by in vitro assays. Results The pre-mature death rate of transgenic mice was approximately 35% before 6-month age, and high levels of Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42 were detected in these dead mice brains with a ratio of 1 ： 1 0. The level of blood-borne Aβ at 6-month age was similar with that at 12-month age. Besides, Aβ1-40 level in the blood was significantly higher than Aβ1-42 level at the ages of 6 and 12 months （ratio 2.37：1）. In contrast, the level of Aβ1-42 in the brain （160.6 ng/mg protein） was higher than that of Aβ1-40 （74 ng/mg protein）（ratio 2.17：1）. In addition, the levels of Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42 varied markedly among different brain regions. Aβ1-42 level was significantly higher than Aβ1-40 level in cerebellum, frontal and posterior cortex, and hippocampus. Secretase activity assays did not reveal major differences among different brain regions or between wild-type and transgenic mice, suggesting that the transgene PS1 did not lead to higher 7-secretase activity but was more efficient in produ

关键词： mouse model Alzheimer's disease β-amyloid peptides secretase activities DNA oxidative damage behavioral test

Ecology,growth and management of black locust(Robinia pseudoacacia l.),a non-native species integrated into European forests

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Journal of Forestry Research 2020年第4期31卷 1081-1101页

作者： Valeriu-Norocel Nicolescu Károly Rédei William l.Mason Torsten Vor Elisabeth Poetzelsberger Jean-Charles Bastien Robert Brus Tibor Bencat MartinaDodan Branislav Cvjetkovic Sinisa Andrasev Nicola la Porta Vasyl lavnyy Dejan Mandzukovski Krasimira Petkova Dusan Rozenbergar Radoslaw Wasik Godefridus M.J.Mohren Maria Cristina Monteverdi Brigitte Musch Marcin Klisz Sanja Peric ljiljana Keca debbie Bartlett Cornelia Hernea Michal Pástor Faculty of Silviculture and Forest Engineering Transylvania University of Brasov500123 BrasovRomania Forest Research Institute Budapest 9600Hungary Forest Research Northern Research StationRoslinMidlothian EH259SYUK Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology University Georg-August37077 GöttingenGermany University of Natural Resources and life Sciences Peter Jordan Str.821190 ViennaAustria INRA Centre Val de loire 45075 ArdonOrléansFrance Biotechnical Faculty University of Ljubljana1000 LjubljanaSlovenia Technical University Ul.T.G.Masaryka 2496053 ZvolenSlovakia Croatian Forest Research Institute 10450 JastrebarskoCroatia Faculty of Forestry University of Banja LukaStepe Stepanovica 75a78000 Banja LukaBosnia and Herzegovina Institute of lowland Forestry and Environment AntonaČehova 13dNovi Sad 21000Serbia Fondazione Edmund Mach Via E.Mach 138010 S.Michele a/AdigeItaly Department of Silviculture Ukrainian National Forestry UniversityL’viv 79057Ukraine Public enterprise Makedonski sumi Pero Nakov bbKosta Novakovic 12Skopje 1000Republic of North Macedonia University of Forestry 1797 Sofi aBulgaria Faculty of Forestry University of Agriculture31-425 KrakówPoland Department of Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group University of Wageningen6700 WageningenThe Netherlands Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia agraria Viale Santa Margherita8052100 ArezzoItaly UMR 0588 INRA ONF BioForA2163 Avenue de la Pomme de PinCS 4000145075 ArdonOrléans CedexFrance Forest Research Institute Braci Lesnej Streetno.305-090 Sekocin StaryRaszynPoland Faculty of Forestry University of Belgrade1Kneza Viseslava StreetBelgrade 11030Serbia Faculty of Engineering and Science University of GreenwichCentral AvenueChatham MaritimeLondon ME44TBUK Faculty of Horticulture and Forestry Banat’s University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine300645 TimisoaraRomania National Forest Centre Forest Research InstituteT.G.Masaryka 2296092 ZvolenSlovakia

Black locust(Robinia pseudoacacia l.),a species native to the eastern North America,was introduced to Europe probably in 1601 and currently extends over2.3×10~6 *** has become naturalized in all sub-Mediterranean and temperate regions rivaling Populus *** the second most planted broadleaved tree species worldwide after Eucalyptus *** wide-spreading planting is because black locust is an important multipurpose species,producing wood,fodder,and a source of honey as well as bio-oil and *** is also important for carbon sequestration,soil stabilization and re-vegetation of landfills,mining areas and wastelands,in biotherapy and *** Europe,black locust is drought tolerant so grows in areas with annual precipitation as low as 500-550 *** tolerates dry,nutrient poor soils but grows best on deep,nutrient-rich,well-drained *** is a fast-growing tree and the height,diameter and volume growth peak before the age of *** mostly regenerates vegetatively by root suckers under a simple coppice system,which is considered the most cost-effective management *** also regenerates,but less frequently,by stool *** early silviculture in production forests includes release cutting to promote root suckers rather than stool shoots,and cleaning-respacing to remove low-quality stems,reduce the number of shoots per stool,and adjust spacing between root *** addition,early,moderate and frequent thinning as well as limited pruning are carried out focusing on crop *** species is regarded as invasive in several European countries and its range here is expected to expand under predicted climate changes.

关键词： Black locust Ecology Invasiveness Climate change Management

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某l型超高层建筑的结构设计

建筑科学 2020年第S2期36卷 45-50页

作者：邓雅月夏诣云南省设计院集团有限公司 650032

高层建筑是人类经济快速发展、科学技术进步与人类需求相结合的产物,是现代工业化、商业化和城市化的必然结果,也是判断一个城市发展程度的重要标志。改革开放以来,高层建筑的发展对于我国社会具有很强的推动意义,因此,本文结合实际的... 详细信息

高层建筑是人类经济快速发展、科学技术进步与人类需求相结合的产物,是现代工业化、商业化和城市化的必然结果,也是判断一个城市发展程度的重要标志。改革开放以来,高层建筑的发展对于我国社会具有很强的推动意义,因此,本文结合实际的高层建筑结构进行简要论述,通过两种不同软件的计算分析以及比较。得出结构安全的结论。结合概念设计与计算结构进行结构设计。

关键词：高层建筑结构不规则对比分析大震