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Petrology,geochronology,and geophysical characterization of Mesoproterozoic rocks in central Illinois,USA

Geoscience Frontiers 2020年第2期11卷 581-596页

作者： Jared T.Freiburg John hMcBride david hMalone hannes ELeetaru Illinois State Geological Survey Prairie Research InstituteUniversity of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign615 E.Peabody DriveChampaignIL 61820USA University of Greifswald Institute of Geography and GeologyFriedrich-Ludwig-Jahn Str.17aD-17489 GreifswaldGermany Department of Geological Sciences Brigham Young UniversityProvoUT84602USA Department of Geography Geologyand the EnvironmentCampus Box 4400Illinois State UniversityNormalIL61790-4400USA

The Precambrian basement rocks of the Eastern Granite-Rhyolite Province(EGRP)in central Illinois(midcontinent region of North America)exhibit a complex history of early volcanism,granite emplacement,and intrusion of mafic rocks.A comprehensive suite of dedicated petrographic analyses,geophysical logs,and drill core from four basement-penetrating wells,two-dimensional and three-dimensional seismic reflection data,and U-Pb age data from the Illinois Basin–Decatur Project(IBDP)and Illinois Carbon Capture Storage(ICCS)Project site provide new constraints for interpreting the Precambrian basement of the Illinois *** new data reveal the basement to be compositionally and structurally complex,having typical EGRP felsic volcanic rocks intruded by the first reported gabbro in the Precambrian basement in ***(n?29)from rhyolite give a U-Pb weighted mean average age of 14679 ***(n?3)from a gabbro dike that intrudes the rhyolite yield a concordia age of 107312 Ma,which corresponds to Grenville-age extension and represents the first Grenville-age rock in Illinois and in the EGRP.A high-resolution three-dimensional seismic reflection volume,coincident with the four wells,provides a context for interpreting the petrological data and implies a high degree of heterogeneity for basement rocks at the IBDP–ICCS site,as also shown by the drill *** occurrence of Grenville-age gabbro is related to a prominent bowl-like structure observed on local two-dimensional seismic reflection profiles and the three-dimensional volume that is interpreted as a deep-seated mafic sill ***,heterogeneities such as the brecciated EGRP rhyolite and later gabbro intrusion observed in the basement lithology at the IBDP–ICCS may reflect previously unknown distal elements of the 1.1 Ga Midcontinent Rift in the EGRP and more likely Grenville-age extension.

关键词： Eastern granite-rhyolite province Mesoproterozoic Carbon storage Reflection seismology Zircon U-Pb geochronology Illinois

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Reply to comment by S.h.Büttner on “Evidence for Mesoproterozoic collision,deep burial and rapid exhumation of garbenschiefer in the Namaqua Front,South Africa”

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Geoscience Frontiers 2020年第5期11卷 1895-1899页

作者： Valby van Schijndel david h.Cornell Robert Anczkiewicz Anders Schersten Institute of Geosciences University of Potsdam14476PotsdamGermany Department of Earth Sciences University of GothenburgSE-40530GothenburgSweden Department of Earth Sciences University of StellenboschMatieland7602South Africa Institute of Geological Sciences Polish Academy of SciencesKrakow Research Centre31-002KrakowPoland Lund University Department of GeologySE-22362LundSweden

*** We thank *** for his comments on our paper(van Schijndel et al.,2020),which allow us to clarify our work and the tectonic model we proposed for the eastern margin of the Namaqua Sector of the Namaqua Natal Metamorphic *** Kaaien Terrane forms a tectonic transition between the Kaapvaal Craton,Rehoboth Province,Kheis belt and the Archeachap Terrane of the Namaqua Sector and forms part of a NW-vergent foreland thrust sequence in the Namaqua Front(*** et al.,2006).The exact tectonic extent of the Kaaien Terrane is still unclear and it has recently been proposed to be part of the newly defined Kheis Terrane(Van Niekerk and Beukes,2019).

关键词： Province. collision comment

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Disruption of Cortical Microtubules by Overexpression of Green Fluorescent Protein-Tagged a-Tubulin 6 Causes a Marked Reduction in Cell Wall Synthesis

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2006年第1期48卷 85-98页

作者： david h. Burk Ruiqin Zhong W. herbert Morrison III Zheng-hua Ye Department of Plant Biology University of Georgia Athens Georgia 30602 USA Richard B. Russell Agriculture Research Center U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service Athens Georgia 30604 USA

It has been known that the transverse orientation of cortical microtubules （MTs） along the elongation axis is essential for normal cell morphogenesis, but whether cortical MTs are essential for normal cell wall synthesis is still not clear. In the present study, we have investigated whether cortical MTs affect cell wall synthesis by direct alteration of the cortical MT organization in Arabidopsis thaliana. Disruption of the cortical MT organization by expression of an excess amount of green fluorescent protein-tagged a-tubulin 6 （GFP-TUA6） in transgenic Arabidopsis plants was found to cause a marked reduction in cell wall thickness and a de- crease in the cell wall sugars glucose and xylose. Concomitantly, the stem strength of the GFP-TUA6 overexpressors was markedly reduced compared with the wild type. In addition, expression of excess GFP- TUA6 results in an alteration in cell morphogenesis and a severe effect on plant growth and development. Together, these results suggest that the proper organization of cortical MTs is essential for the normal synthesis of plant cell walls.

关键词： Arabidopsis thaliana cell elongation cell wall synthesis cortical microtubules microtubule organization.

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Net ecosystem carbon exchange for Bermuda grass growing in mesocosms as affected by irrigation frequency

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Pedosphere 2022年第3期32卷 393-401页

作者： Yuan LI Gabriel *** Timothy J.CLOUGh John E.hUNT david WhITEhEAD Department of Soil and Physical Sciences Lincoln UniversityLincoln 7647(New Zealand) Manaaki Whenua-Landcare Research P.O.Box 69040Lincoln 7640(New Zealand) State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and TechnologyLanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730020(China) Soil Biology Group Wageningen University and ResearchP.O.Box 47Wageningen 6700 AA(The Netherlands)

Intensification of grazed grasslands following conversion from dryland to irrigated farming has the potential to alter ecosystem carbon(C)cycling and affect components of carbon dioxide(CO_(2))exchange that could lead to either net accumulation or loss of soil *** there are many studies on the effect of water availability on biomass production and soil C stocks,much less is known about the effect of the frequency of water inputs on the components of CO_(2)*** grew Bermuda grass(Cynodon dactylon L.)in mesocosms under irrigation frequencies of every day(I_(1) treatment,30 d),every two days(I_(2) treatment,12 d),every three days(I_(3) treatment,30 d),and every six days(I_(6) treatment,18 d,after I_(2) treatment).Rates of CO_(2)exchange for estimating net ecosystem CO_(2)exchange(F_(N)),ecosystem respiration(R_(E)),and soil respiration(R_(S))were measured,and gross C uptake by plants(F_(G))and respiration from leaves(R_(L))were calculated during two periods,1–12 and 13–30 d,of the 30-d *** the first 12 d,there were no significant differences in cumulative F_(N)(mean±standard deviation,61±30 g C m^(-2),n=4).During the subsequent 18 d,cumulative F_(N) decreased with decreasing irrigation frequency and increasing cumulative soil water deficit(W),with values of 70±22,60±16,and 18±12 g C m^(-2) for the I_(1),I_(3),and I_(6) treatments,*** were similar decreases in F_(G),R_(E),and R_(L) with increasing W,but differences in R_(S) were not *** of the C_(4) grass growing in a C_(3)-derived soil enabled partitioning of R_(S) into its autotrophic(R_(A))and heterotrophic(R_(h))components using a^(13)C natural abundance isotopic technique at the end of the experiment when differences in cumulative W between the treatments were the *** values of R_(h) and its percentage contributions to R_(S)(43%±8%,42%±8%,and 8%±5%for the I_(1),I_(3),and I_(6) treatments,respectively)suggested that R_(h) remained unaffected across a wide

关键词： ^(13)C natural abundance CO_(2)exchange N_(2)O emission soil heterotrophic respiration water deficit

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Editorial

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Journal of Social Computing 2022年第1期3卷 I0001-I0002页

作者： Timothy A.Kohler Darcy Bird david h.Wolpert 不详

Dear readers,It is our pleasure to welcome you to a special issue of the Journal of Social *** issue contains articles examining the evolution of collective computation within(pre)historic *** is special emphasis on the possibility that the development of writing(together with both the technologies that arise with writing,and the technologies that writing helps enable)constituted a bottleneck in the more or less continuous growth in scale that has long been a hallmark of human societies.

关键词： collective has writing

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Transmission Line Modelling of Geomagnetic Induction in the Ocean/Earth Conductivity Structure

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International Journal of Geosciences 2023年第8期14卷 767-791页

作者： david h. Boteler Shibaji Chakraborty Xueling Shi Michael D. hartinger Xuan Wang Geomagnetic Laboratory Natural Resources Canada Ottawa Canada Center for Space Science and Engineering Research Virginia Tech Blacksburg USA high Altitude Observatory National Center for Atmospheric Research Boulder USA Space Science Institute Boulder USA Department of Electrical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing China

During geomagnetic disturbances, electric fields induced in the Earth and in power systems, pipelines and submarine cables can interfere with the operation of these systems. Calculations for submarine cables are complicated by the need to consider not just the induction directly into the cable but also the earth potentials produced at the coast at each end of the cable. To determine the coast potentials, we present a new model of the ocean and earth conductivity structure that spans the whole length of a cable from one coast to another. Calculations are based on the generalised thin sheet approach introduced by Ranganayaki and Madden but converted to a transmission line model that can be solved using standard circuit theory techniques. It is shown how the transmission line model can be used to calculate the earth potential profile from one side of an ocean or sea to the other. Example calculations are presented for a shallow sea, a shallow ocean, and a deep ocean that are simplified approximations to the North Sea, Tasman Sea and Pacific Ocean and show that the peak potentials occur at the coast. An examination is also made of how the width of a shallow sea and the width of the continental shelf affect these coast potentials. The modelling technique and example results provide a guide for more detailed modelling of geomagnetic induction along the routes of specific submarine cables.

关键词： Geomagnetic Induction Generalised Thin Sheet Transmission Line Modelling Coast Potentials Submarine Cables

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Evaluating and quantifying the effect of various spruce budworm intervention strategies on forest carbon dynamics in Atlantic Canada

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Forest Ecosystems 2022年第4期9卷 547-557页

作者： Zelin Liu Changhui Peng david AMacLean Louis De Grandpre Jean-Noel Candau Daniel Kneeshaw School of Geographic Sciences Hunan Normal UniversityChangsha410081China Department of Biological Sciences University of Qu�ebec at MontrealMontrealQC H3C 3P8Canada Faculty of Forestry and Environmental Management University of New BrunswickFrederictonNB E3B 5A3Canada Laurentian Forestry Centre Canadian Forest ServiceNatural Resources CanadaQC G1V 4C7Canada Great Lake Forestry Centre Canadian Forest ServiceNatural Resources CanadaON P6A 2E5Canada

Spruce budworm (SBW) outbreaks are one of the most devastating natural disturbances in spruce-balsam fir forests of eastern North America. Both early intervention strategy (EIS) and foliage protection strategy (FP) are being tested to limit forest losses, but the quantitative impact on forest carbon (C) dynamics is still unclear. In this study, we designed 19 separate scenarios of no intervention or varying success of EIS, FP, and their combination on SBW caused defoliation and mortality. We then used the TRIPLEX-Insect model to quantify their effects on forest C dynamics in the forests of the four provinces of Atlantic Canada. A scenario applying FP to 10%of the area with the greatest potential C losses of living biomass, protecting foliage in 10%of the forests is more realistic than higher proportion of FP given the high cost and large areas involved, resulted in reducing average cumulative net ecosystem productivity (NEP) from 2020 to 2039 by 56%–127%compared to a no outbreak *** results showed that FP would have to be applied everywhere to reduce tree mortality and increase NEP more than 8 years of successful EIS applied. however, if EIS can be successfully implemented for 12 years, it will maintain more forest C than FP applied everywhere during a moderate outbreak. We also found that the combination of EIS followed by FP in 10%of the areas disturbed by the SBW could maintain average cumulative NEP at similar levels to no defoliation in every province of Atlantic Canada. Black/red spruce forests younger than 60years old underwent the smallest changes in C dynamics whether using EIS, FP, or both. This highlights the importance of forest species, forest age, and their interactions on the effectiveness of a treatment during SBW outbreak. Overall, 31%–76%of the study area in Atlantic Canada could convert from a C sink to a source by 2039,if no protective measures are used under the worst-case scenarios, thus contributing to future climate warming.

关键词： Annual defoliation Natural disturbance Forest protection Net ecosystem productivity TRIPLEX-Insect Conifers

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Quantitative analysis of the impact of droughts and floods on internal wars in China over the last 500 years

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Science China Earth Sciences 2017年第12期60卷 2078-2088页

作者： harry F.LEE david D.ZhANG PEI Qing JIA Xin Ricci P.h.YUE Department of Geography and International Center for China Development Studies The University of Hong Kong School of Geographical Sciences Guangzhou University Department of Social Sciences The Education University of Hong Kong School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences Nanjing University

Although many large-N quantitative studies have evidenced the adverse effects of climatic extremes on social stability in China during the historical period, most of them rely on temperature and precipitation as major explanatory variables, while the influence of floods and droughts on social crises is rarely measured. Furthermore, a comparison of the climate-society nexus among different geographic regions and at different temporal scales is missing in those studies. To address this knowledge gap,this study examines quantitatively the influence of floods and droughts on internal wars in three agro-ecological(rice, wheat,and pastoral) regions in China in AD1470–1911. Poisson regression and wavelet transform coherence analyses are applied to allow for the non-linear and non-stationary nature of the climate-war nexus. Results show that floods and droughts are significant in driving internal wars in historical China, but are characterized by strong regional variation. In the rice region, floods trigger internal wars at the inter-annual and multi-decadal time scales. In the wheat region, both floods and droughts cause internal wars at the inter-annual and multi-decadal time scales. In the pastoral region, internal wars are associated with floods only at the multi-decadal time scale. In addition, the multi-decadal coherence between hydro-climatic extremes and internal wars in all three of the agro-ecological regions is only significant in periods in which population density is increasing or the upper limit of regional carrying capacity is being reached. The above results imply that the climate-war nexus is mediated by regional geographic factors such as physical environmental setting and population pressure. hence, we encourage researchers who study the historical human-climate relationship to boil down data according to geographic regions in the course of statistical analysis and to examine each region individually in follow-up studies.

关键词： Floods and droughts Climatic extremes Internal wars Wars Social stability Ming-Qing period

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helicobacter pylori arginase mutant colonizes arginase Ⅱ knockout mice

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世界胃肠病学杂志：英文版 2011年第28期17卷 3300-3309页

作者： Songhee h Kim Melanie L Langford Jean-Luc Boucher Traci L Testerman david J McGee Department of Microbiology and Immunology Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport University of Nebraska-Lincoln School of Biological SciencesLincoln Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques Université Paris Descartes

AIM: To investigate the role of host and bacterial arginases in the colonization of mice by helicobacter pylori (***).METhODS: *** produces a very powerful urease that hydrolyzes urea to carbon dioxide and ammonium,which neutralizes *** is absolutely essential to *** pathogenesis;therefore,the urea substrate must be in ample supply for urease to work *** urea substrate is most likely provided by arginase activity,which hydrolyzes L-arginine to L-ornithine and *** work has demonstrated that *** arginase is surprisingly not required for colonization of wild-type ***,another in vivo source of the critical urea substrate must *** hypothesized that the urea source was provided by host arginase Ⅱ,since this enzyme is expressed in the stomach,and *** has previously been shown to induce the expression of murine gastric arginase Ⅱ.To test this hypothesis,wild-type and arginase (rocF) mutant *** strain SS1 were inoculated into arginase Ⅱ knockout ***: Surprisingly,both the wild-type and rocF mutant bacteria still colonized arginase Ⅱ knockout ***,feeding arginase Ⅱ knockout mice the host arginase inhibitor S-(2-boronoethyl)L-cysteine (BEC),while inhibiting > 50% of the host arginase Ⅰ?activity in several tissues,did not block the ability of the rocF mutant *** to *** contrast,BEC poorly inhibited *** arginase ***: The in vivo source for the essential urea utilized by *** urease is neither bacterial arginase nor host arginase Ⅱ;instead,either residual host arginase Ⅰ?or agmatinase is probably responsible.

关键词：幽门螺杆菌精氨酸酶基因敲除小鼠突变寄生尿素酶野生型

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Biochemical mechanisms in drug-induced liver injury:Certainties and doubts

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第39期15卷 4865-4876页

作者： Ignazio Grattagliano Leonilde Bonfrate Catia V Diogo helen h Wang david Qh Wang Piero Portincasa Clinica Medica "A.Murri" Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Medicina PubblicaUniversity of Bari Medical School Department of Zoology Center for Neurosciences and Cell BiologyUniversity of Coimbra Department of Medicine Liver Center and Gastroenterology DivisionBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical School and Harvard Digestive Diseases Center

Drug-induced liver injury is a significant and still unresolved clinical *** to knowledge about the mechanisms of toxicity render incomplete the detection of hepatotoxic potential during preclinical *** xenobiotics are lipophilic substances and their transformation into hydrophilic compounds by the cytochrome P-450 system results in production of toxic ***,preexisting liver disease,enzyme induction or inhibition,genetic variances,local O2 supply and,above all,the intrinsic molecular properties of the drug may affect this *** death follows antioxidant consumption and oxidation of intracellular proteins,which determine increased permeability of mitochondrial membranes,loss of potential,decreased ATP synthesis,inhibition of Ca2+-dependent ATPase,reduced capability to sequester Ca2+ within mitochondria,and membrane bleb ***,activation of nucleases and energetic participation of mitochondria are the main intracellular mechanisms that lead to ***-parenchymal hepatic cells are inducers of hepatocellular injury and targets for *** of the immune system promotes idiosyncratic reactions that result in hepatic necrosis or cholestasis,in which different hLA genotypes might play a major *** review focuses on current knowledge of the mechanisms of drug-induced liver injury and recent advances on newly discovered mechanisms of liver *** perspectives including new frontiers for research are discussed.

关键词：生化机制肝损伤药物性免疫系统激活肝细胞损伤毒性机制肝脏疾病抗氧化剂

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