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Rec.nt researc. on vasec.omy tec.niques

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2003年第3期5卷 227-230页

作者： david c.sokal c.inic.l Researc. Division Family Health International Durham NC 27713 USA

Vasec.omy is a c.mmonly used, highly effec.ive method for the c.ntrol of fertility in the human male. It is almost always performed as an outpatient proc.dure, is safer than tubal oc.lusion and has few side effec.s. The number of people relying on vasec.omy as a method of c.ntrac.ption varies widely from c.untry to c.untry. Though vasec.omy is highly effec.ive, failures may oc.ur due to re-c.nalization of the vas, surgic.l error, anatomic.l variants or failure of c.ntrac.ption during the post-operative waiting period. One of the disadvantages of this tec.nique is that sperm are present in the posterior end of the vas following surgery and henc. patients have to use alternative methods of c.ntrac.ption for a waiting period of 12 weeks to 15 weeks before relying on a vasec.omy for c.ntrac.ption. This review summarizes rec.nt researc. on vasec.omy c.nduc.ed by Family Health International, USA.

关键词： male sterilization vasec.omy treatment effic.c. safety

应用中国商环包皮环切手术标准化方案对328例成年男性包皮环切的临床报告

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中华男科学杂志 2009年第7期15卷 584-592页

作者：程跃彭弋峰刘毅东田龙吕年青苏新军严泽军胡嘉盛 Ric.ard LEE Howard KIM david c. sokal 李石华宁波大学医学院附属宁波市第一医院泌尿中心浙江宁波315010 皖南医学院弋矶山医院性医学科安徽芜湖241001 上海交通大学医学院附属仁济医院泌尿科上海200127 首都医科大学附属北京朝阳医院泌尿科北京100034 江苏省计划生育科学技术研究所江苏南京210036 c.nter for Male Reproduc.ive Medic.ne and Mic.osurgery Cornell Institute for Reproductive MedicineDepartment of UrologyThe New York Presbyterian HospitalWeill Medical College of Cornell UniversityNew YorkNY 10065-4870USA Family Health International Research Triangle ParkNC 27709USA

目的:成年男性包皮环切手术标准化和培训可显著降低因手术引起的并发症发生率。由于目前国内外尚无可供参考的成年男性包皮环切手术标准化方案和培训制度,使得临床医生开展成年男性包皮环切手术的质量无法保证。为了建立成年男性包皮环... 详细信息

目的:成年男性包皮环切手术标准化和培训可显著降低因手术引起的并发症发生率。由于目前国内外尚无可供参考的成年男性包皮环切手术标准化方案和培训制度,使得临床医生开展成年男性包皮环切手术的质量无法保证。为了建立成年男性包皮环切手术标准化和培训制度,便于临床医生和相关医护人员学习和掌握包皮环切器的临床应用技巧,以中国商环(简称"商环,ShangRing")包皮环切技术为例,根据商环的技术特点和临床实践经验,特别制订了商环包皮环切手术标准化方案,并将其标准化操作运用于临床。方法:采用商环包皮环切手术标准化方案对328例受术者(年龄18～58岁,平均27.8岁;已婚134例,未婚194例;包茎25例,包皮过长303例)进行包皮环切手术。对手术时间、疼痛评分(视觉模拟评分法,VAS)、术后并发症、包皮创口愈合时间、术后外观满意情况进行观察和随访。结果:手术时间为(4.70±1.31)min。手术时受术者疼痛(VAS)评分为(0.24±0.59)分,术后24h疼痛评分为(1.59±0.95)分,去环前24h内疼痛评分(1.72±1.11)分,去环时疼痛评分为(2.72±1.37)分。主要并发症发生率为术后感染0.6%(2/328)、出血0.6%(2/328)、伤口裂开0.6%(2/328)和水肿4.89%(16/328)。在发生出血和伤口裂开的受术者中无1例需要缝合。术后包皮创口完全愈合时间为(20.30±6.69)d。受术者对术后外观满意率99.7%(327/328)。结论:商环包皮环切术具有手术方式易于标准化、手术时间短、术中疼痛轻、术后无须特殊护理、容易完整保留系带,并完全暴露冠状沟、术后外观满意度高、受术者易于接受等优点。初步证明了中国商环包皮环切手术标准化方案的可接受性,严格按照此方案实施手术和随访护理,能最大化地实现商环包皮环切技术的诸多临床优势,将并发症发生率控制在可接受的范围内。

关键词：包皮环切术中国商环标准化方案并发症男性成年人

Silk-based nerve guidanc. c.nduits with mac.osc.pic.holes modulate the vasc.larization of regenerating rat sc.atic.nerve

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Neural Regeneration Researc. 2025年第6期20卷 1789-1800页

作者： c.rina Hromada Patric. Heimel Markus Kerbl LászlóGál Sylvia Nürnberger Barbara Sc.aedl James Ferguson Nic.le Swiadek Xavier Monforte Johannes c.Heinzel Antal Nógrádi Andreas H.Teusc.l-Woller david Herc.er Department Life Sc.enc. Engineering University of Applied Sciences Technikum WienViennaAustria Austrian c.uster for Tissue Regeneration ViennaAustria Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology The Research Center in Cooperation with AUVAViennaAustria University c.inic.of Dentistry Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria Department of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic SurgeryLandesklinikum Wiener Neustadt2700 Wiener NeustadtAustria Department of Anatomy Histology and EmbryologyAlbert Szent-Györgyi Medical SchoolUniversity of SzegedSzegedHungary Medic.l University of Vienna Department of Orthopedics and Trauma SurgeryDevision of Trauma SurgeryViennaAustria Department of Hand- PlasticReconstructive and Burn SurgeryBG Unfallklinik TuebingenUniversity of TuebingenTuebingenGermany

Peripheral nerve injuries induc. a severe motor and sensory defic.t. Sinc. the availability of autologous nerve transplants for nerve repair is very limited, alternative treatment strategies are sought, inc.uding the use of tubular nerve guidanc. c.nduits(tNGc.). However, the use of tNGc. results in poor func.ional rec.very and c.ntral nec.osis of the regenerating tissue, whic. limits their applic.tion to short nerve lesion defec.s(typic.lly shorter than 3 c.). Given the importanc. of vasc.larization in nerve regeneration, we hypothesized that enabling the growth of blood vessels from the surrounding tissue into the regenerating nerve within the tNGc.would help eliminate nec.otic.proc.sses and lead to improved regeneration. In this study, we reported the applic.tion of mac.osc.pic.holes into the tubular walls of silk-based tNGc. and c.mpared the various features of these improved silk^(+) tNGc. with the tubes without holes(silk^(–) tNGc.) and autologous nerve transplants in an 8-mm sc.atic.nerve defec. in rats. Using a c.mbination of mic.o-c.mputed tomography and histologic.l analyses, we were able to prove that the use of silk^(+) tNGc. induc.d the growth of blood vessels from the adjac.nt tissue to the intraluminal neovasc.lar formation. A signific.ntly higher number of blood vessels in the silk^(+) group was found c.mpared with autologous nerve transplants and silk^(–), ac.ompanied by improved axon regeneration at the distal c.aptation point c.mpared with the silk^(–) tNGc. at 7 weeks postoperatively. In the 15-mm(c.itic.l size) sc.atic.nerve defec. model, we again observed a distinc. ingrowth of blood vessels through the tubular walls of silk^(+) tNGc., but without improved func.ional rec.very at 12 weeks postoperatively. Our data proves that mac.oporous tNGc. inc.ease the vasc.lar supply of regenerating nerves and fac.litate improved axonal regeneration in a short-defec. model but not in a c.itic.l-size defec. model. This study suggests that further optimizatio

关键词： axon regeneration blood vessel func.ional rec.very mac.oporous nerve lesion peripheral nerve repair sc.atic.nerve silk-based nerve guidanc. c.nduit vasc.larization

New Generations: Sequenc.ng Mac.ines and Their c.mputational c.allenges

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Journal of c.mputer Sc.enc. & Tec.nology 2010年第1期25卷 3-9页

作者： david c. Sc.wartz Mic.ael S. Waterman Laboratory for Molec.lar and c.mputational Genomic. Departme4nt of Chemistry and Laboratory of Genetics University of Wisconsin-Madison Department of Biologic.l Sc.enc.s University of Southern California Department of Automation Tsinghua University

New generation sequenc.ng systems are c.anging how molec.lar biology is prac.ic.d. The widely promoted $1000 genome will be a reality with attendant c.anges for healthc.re, inc.uding personalized medic.ne. More broadly the genomes of many new organisms with large samplings from populations will be c.mmonplac.. What is less apprec.ated is the explosive demands on c.mputation, both for c.U c.c.es and storage as well as the need for new c.mputational methods. In this artic.e we will survey some of these developments and demands.

关键词： genome sequenc.ng new generation sequenc.ng read mapping optic.l mapping sequenc. assembly Eulerian graphs

Longwall automation: Delivering enabling tec.nology to ac.ieve safer and more produc.ive underground mining

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International Journal of Mining Sc.enc. and Tec.nology 2015年第6期25卷 865-876页

作者： Ralston Jonathon c. Reid david c. Dunn Mark T. Hainsworth david W. c.al Mining Researc. Program CSIRO Energy

The ongoing need to deliver improved safety, produc.ivity and environmental benefit in c.al mining presents an open c.allenge as well as a powerful inc.ntive to develop new and improved solutions. This paper assesses the c.itic.l role that enabling tec.nologies have played in the delivery of remote and automated c.pability for longwall mining. A brief historic.l ac.ount is given to highlight key tec.nic.l c.ntributions whic. have influenc.d the direc.ion and development of present-day longwall tec.nology. The c.rrent state of longwall automation is disc.ssed with partic.lar attention drawn to the tec.nologies that enable automated c.pability. Outc.mes are presented from an independently c.nduc.ed c.se study that assessed the impac. that c.IRO＇s LASc.longwall automation researc. has made to the longwall mining industry in Australia. Importantly, this study reveals how uptake of this innova- tive tec.nology has signific.ntly benefitted c.al mine produc.ivity, improved working c.nditions for personnel and enhanc.d environmental outc.mes. These benefits have been widely adopted with c.IRO automation tec.nology being used in 60 per c.nt of all Australian underground operations. International deployment of the tec.nology is also emerging. The paper c.nc.udes with future c.allenges and opportunities to highfight the ongoing sc.pe for longwall automation researc. and development.

关键词： Safety Produc.ivity Environment Mining automation Longwall mining Remote mining

c.ronavirus disease-2019: A toc.in to our aging, unfit, c.rpulent, and immunodefic.ent soc.ety

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Journal of Sport and Health Sc.enc. 2020年第4期9卷 293-301页

作者： david c.Nieman Department of Biology College of Arts and SciencesAppalachian State UniversityNorth Carolina Research CampusKannapolisNC 28081USA

Ac.te and c.ronic.respiratory illnesses c.use widespread morbidity and mortality,and this c.ass of illness now inc.udes the novel c.ronavirus severe ac.te respiratory syndrome that is c.using c.ronavirus disease-2019(c.VID-19).The world is experienc.ng a major demographic.shift toward an older,obese,and physic.lly inac.ive *** fac.or assessments based on pandemic.data indic.te that those at higher risk for severe illness from c.VID-19 inc.ude older males,and people of all ages with obesity and related c.morbidities suc. as hypertension and type 2 *** in and of itself leads to negative c.anges in innate and adaptive immunity,a proc.ss termed *** c.uses systemic.inflammation and adversely impac.s immune func.ion and host defense in a way that patterns *** primary prevention strategies to reduc. the risk for c.VID-19 at both the c.mmunity and individual levels inc.ude mitigation ac.ivities and the adoption of lifestyle prac.ic.s c.nsistent with good immune *** and human studies support the idea that,in c.ntrast to high exerc.se workloads,regular moderate-intensity physic.l ac.ivity improves immunosurveillanc. against pathogens and reduc.s morbidity and mortality from viral infec.ion and respiratory illnesses inc.uding the c.mmon c.ld,pneumonia,and *** odds are high that infec.ious disease pandemic. spawned by novel pathogens will c.ntinue to inflic. morbidity and mortality as the world’s population bec.mes older and more ***-19 is indeed a wake-up c.ll,a toc.in,to the world that primary prevention c.untermeasures foc.sed on health behaviors and hygiene demand our full attention and support.

关键词： c.VID-19 Exerc.se Immunology Infec.ion Obesity

More than mimic.y？ Evaluating sc.pe for flic.er-fusion as a defensive strategy in c.ral snake mimic.

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c.rrent Zoology 2014年第1期60卷 123-130页

作者： Georgia c. TITc.MB david W. KIKUc.I david W. PFENNIG Department of Biology University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill NC 27599-3280

c.ral snakes and their mimic. often have brightly c.lored banded patterns, generally assoc.ated with warning c.lora- tion or mimic.y. However, suc. c.lor patterns have also been hypothesized to aid snakes in esc.ping predators through a ＂flic.er-fusion＂ effec.. Ac.ording to this hypothesis, banded c.lor patterns c.nfuse potential predators when a snake transitions from resting to moving bec.use its bands blur together to form a different c.lor. To produc. this motion blur, a moving snake＇s bands must transition faster than the c.itic.l flic.er-fusion rate at whic. a predator＇s photorec.ptors c.n refresh. It is unknown if c.ral snakes or their mimic. meet this requirement. We tested this hypothesis by measuring the movement speed and c.lor pat- terns of two c.ral snake mimic., Lampropeltis triangulum c.mpbelli and L. elapsoides, and c.mparing the frequenc. of c.lor transitions to the photorec.ptor ac.ivity of the avian eye. We found that snakes often produc.d a motion blur, but moving snakes c.eated a blurring effec. more often in darker c.nditions, suc. as sunrise, sunset, and nighttime when these snakes are often ac.ive. Thus, at least two spec.es of c.ral snake mimic. are c.pable of ac.ieving flic.er-fusion, indic.ting that their c.lor patterns may c.nfer an additional defense aside from mimic.y

关键词： c.ral snake mimic.y Flic.er-fusion effec. c.F Kingsnake Defensive strategy

Human liver stem/progenitor c.lls dec.ease serum bilirubin in hyperbilirubinemic.Gunn rat

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第30期20卷 10553-10563页

作者： c.dric.Maerc.x Tatiana Tondreau Silvia Berardis Jos van Pelt Mustapha Najimi Etienne sokal Laboratory of Pediatric.Hepatology and c.ll Therapy Université Catholique de Louvain - Institut de Recherche Clinique et Expérimentale1200 BrusselsBelgium Katholieke Universiteit Leuven Hepatologie3000 LeuvenBelgium

AIM: To test the ability of adult-derived human liver stem/progenitor c.lls (ADHLSc. from large sc.le c.ltures to c.njugate bilirubin in vitro and in bilirubin c.njugation defic.ent rat.

关键词： Liver stem/progenitor c.lls Gunn rat Hepatoc.te in vitro and in situ differentiation Uridine diphosphate-gluc.ronosyltransferase 1A1

Migratory flight imposes oxidative stress in bats

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c.rrent Zoology 2019年第2期65卷 147-153页

作者： david c.STANTiNi Oliver LINDEc.E Gunars PETERSONS c.ristian c. VOIGT UMR 7221 c.RS/MNHN Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle Sorbonne Universites 7 rue Cuvier Paris 75005 France Department of Biology University of Antwerp Universiteitsplein 1 Antwerp 2610 Belgium Department of Evolutionary Ec.logy Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research Alfred-Kowalke-StraBe 17 Berlin 10315Germany lnstitute of Biology Freie Universitat Berlin Takustr. 6 Berlin 14195 Germany Fac.lty of Veterinary Medic.ne Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies K. Helmaqa & Jelgava LV 3004 Latvia

Many animal spec.es migrate over long distanc.s, but the physiologic.l c.allenges of migration are poorly understood. It has rec.ntly been suggested that inc.eased molec.lar oxidative damage might be one important c.allenge for migratory animals. We tested the hypothesis that autumn migration imposes an oxidative c.allenge to bats by c.mparing values of 4 blood-based markers of oxidative status (oxidative damage and both enzymatic.and nonenzymatic.antioxidants) between Nathusius' bats Pipistrellus nathusii that were c.ught during migration flights with those measured in c.nspec.fic. after resting for 18 or 24 h. Experiments were c.rried out at Pape Ornithologic.l Station in Pape (Latvia) in 2016 and 2017. Our results show that flying bats have a blood oxidative status different from that of resting bats due to higher oxidative damage and different expression of both non enzymatic.and enzymatic.antioxidants (glutathione peroxidase). The differenc.s in oxidative status markers varied betwee n sampli ng years and were in depende nt from in dividual body c.n dition or sex. Our work provides evidenc. that migratory flight might impose ac.te oxidative stress to bats and that resting helps animals to rec.ver from oxidative damage ac.rued en route. Our data suggest that migrating bats and birds might share similar strategies of mitigating and rec.vering from oxidative stress.

关键词： antioxidants mammals oxidative damage stopover stress