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Infectious Disease Modelling 2018年第1期3卷 1-12页

作者： Mauricio Santillana Ashleigh Tuite Tahmina Nasserie Paul Fine david Champredon Leonid Chindelevitch Jonathan Dushoff david Fisman Computation Health Informatics Program Boston Children's HospitalBostonMAUSA Department of Pediatrics Harvard Medical SchoolBontonMAUSA Dalla Lana School of Public Health University of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada BlueDot TorontoOntarioCanada Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology London School of Hygiene and Tropical MedicineLondonUK Agent-Based Modelling Laboratory York UniversityTorontoOntarioCanada School of Computing Science Simon Fraser UniversityBurnabyBritish ColumbiaCanada Department of Theoretical Biology McMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada Department of Medicine Faculty of MedicineUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada

Mathematical models are often regarded as recent innovations in the description and analysis of infectious disease outbreaks and epidemics,but simple mathematical expressions have been in use for projection of epidemic trajectories for more than a *** recently introduced a single equation model(the incidence decay w.th exponential adjustment,or IDEA model)that can be used for short-term epidemiological *** the mid-19th century,*** Farr made the observation that epidemic events rise and fall in a roughly symmetrical pattern that can be approximated by a bell-shaped *** noticed that this time-evolution behavior could be captured by a single mathematical formula(“Farr's law.)that could be used for epidemic *** show.here that the IDEA model follow. Farr's law.and show.that for intuitive assumptions,Farr's Law.can be derived from the IDEA ***,w. show.that both mathematical approaches,Farr's Law.and the IDEA model,resemble solutions of a susceptible-infectious-removed(SIR)compartmental differential-equation model in an asymptotic limit,w.ere the changes of disease transmission respond to control measures,and not only to the depletion of susceptible *** suggests that the concept of the reproduction number eR 0T w.s implicitly captured in Farr's(pre-microbial era)w.rk,and also suggests that control of epidemics,w.ether via behavior change or intervention,is as integral to the natural history of epidemics as is the dynamics of disease transmission.

关键词： equation exponential decay

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Testing a hypothesis arising from the epidemiology of schizophrenia in New.Zealand

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General Psychiatry 2019年第2期32卷 57-58页

作者： Graham Mellsop Rees lapsell david Benjamin Menkes Department of Psychological Medicine University of Auckland Waikato Clinical School Hamilton New Zealand

A 2011 publication in w.rld Psychiatry thoughtfully, but somew.at pessimistically, addressed the question of how.schizophrenia might be prevented.1 A review.of causal evidence2 a decade later offers little further hope. w. hypothesise that an emergent increase in syndromal schizophrenia in New.Zealand, particularly in Maori (descendants of the indigenous Polynesian population), may present opportunities for prevention.

关键词： New Zealand schizophrenia epidemiology

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促进步行的干预措施：系统性综述

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英国医学杂志中文版 2008年第1期11卷 16-25页

作者： david Ogilvie Charles E Foster Helen Rothnie Nick Cavill Val hamilton Claire F Fitzsimons Nanette Mutrie 钱招昕(译) Medical ResearchCouncil Socialand Public HealthSciences Unit MRC fellow British Heart Foundation Health Promotion Research Group University of Oxford Oxford senior resarcher British Heart Foundation Health Promotion Research Group University of Oxford Oxford research associate Deparanent of Sport Culture and the Asts University of Strathclyde Glasgow research associate Deparanent of Sport Culture and the Asts University of Strathclyde Glasgow professor of exer5cise and sport psychology for the on behalf of the Scottish Physical Activity Research Collaboration(SPARColl) Deparanent of Sport Culture and the Asts University of Strathclyde SPARColl project coordinator Development and Alumni Office University of Glasgow Glasgow research assistant 不详

目的评估在个体和群体中促进步行的干预措施的作用。设计系统性综述。数据来源通过搜索25个电子数据库、网站、文献目录和已有的系统性综述，以及通过联系专家，识别出已发表的和未发表的任一语言的报道。综述方法系统性搜索和评价关于... 详细信息

目的评估在个体和群体中促进步行的干预措施的作用。设计系统性综述。数据来源通过搜索25个电子数据库、网站、文献目录和已有的系统性综述，以及通过联系专家，识别出已发表的和未发表的任一语言的报道。综述方法系统性搜索和评价关于任何类型的干预对人们步行的影响的前后对照研究，对干预效果的大小、干预效果在不同社会组群中的分布以及干预对总的体育活动、健身、疾病危险因素、健康状况和体格的影响进行评价。结果研究包括19项随机试验和29项非随机研究。根据人们需求进行的干预乃以大部分久坐的人或者那些有运动动机的人为目标，不论干预的履行是在个体水平（简单建议，支持步程计、使用通讯设备）、家庭水平（个体化营销）或群体水平，都能够激励人们更多地步行，尽管许多此类方法的可持续性、可推广性和临床效果还不确定。应用于工作场所、学校、社区或者地区的干预措施的有效证据通常主要来源于单独的研究或者是亚组分析。结论在目标参与者中，最成功的干预要求要能够在短期内至少使步行量平均每周增加达30-60分钟。从提高人群健康的前景来看，目前许多的研究提供了有效果的证据而不是有效性的证据。然而，促进步行的干预能够大大提高那些最不习惯于运动的人的运动水平。

关键词：系统性综述干预措施个体水平疾病危险因素运动水平干预效果群体水平电子数据库

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Association of homocysteine and smoking w.th cerebral microemboli in patients w.th mechanical heart valves:a transcranial Doppler study

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2017年第4期2卷 199-204页

作者： Alicia Mattia M Reza Azarpazhooh Claudio Munoz Chrysi Bogiatzi Mackenzie A Quantz J david Spence Stroke Prevention and Atherosclerosis Research Centre Robarts Research InstituteWestern UniversityLondonOntarioCanada Department of Neurology McMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Western UniversityLondonOntarioCanada Division of Neurology Western UniversityLondonOntarioCanada Division of Cardiac Surgery Western UniversityLondonOntarioCanada Division of Clinical Pharmacology Western UniversityLondonOntarioCanada

Objectives Microembolic signals(MES)on transcranial Doppler(TCD)predict stroke and cognitive *** levels of total homocysteine(tHcy),a prothrombotic factor,are higher in patients w.th microemboli in carotid stenosis and in patients w.th paradoxical *** this study w. assessed the association betw.en the level of tHcy and the number of MES in patients w.th mechanical heart valves(MHVs).Methods TCD monitoring w.s performed to detect MES before and after breathing 100% oxygen and repeated every 2-4 w.eks up to six *** Tw.nty-five patients w.th MHVs(mean age:63.60±10.15 years)participated in this study;15 w.re men(66.47±7.25 years)and 10 w.re w.men(59.30±12.60 years).In total,there w.re 126 study *** multiple regression,higher tHcy w.s associated w.th more MES in both preoxygenation(OR 1.34(95%CI 1.07 to 1.68,P=0.009))and postoxygenation(OR 1.40(95% CI 1.07 to 1.83,P=0.01))*** smoking and the length of time betw.en the operation and monitoring also correlated w.th a higher number of MES before and after breathing oxygen,particularly in *** Higher tHcy and smoking w.re associated w.th a higher MES count in both preoxygenation and postoxygenation *** smoking can be stopped and hyperhomocysteinaemia is treatable,these are clinically important findings.

关键词： patients assessed cerebral

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与科技专家的访谈

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空中英语教室（高级版．彭蒙惠英语） 2014年第8期 8-9,38页

作者： lan hamilton 徐佩仪

访谈专栏作家大卫·波格，探讨科技的未来发展大卫·波格站在讲台上，拿出手机，开启一个能显示出康乃迪克州家中室温的应用程序。这位50岁的科技作家认为小孩把恒温器的温度调得太高了，于是随手调低温度，把手机放到一边，继续有关... 详细信息

访谈专栏作家大卫·波格，探讨科技的未来发展大卫·波格站在讲台上，拿出手机，开启一个能显示出康乃迪克州家中室温的应用程序。这位50岁的科技作家认为小孩把恒温器的温度调得太高了，于是随手调低温度，把手机放到一边，继续有关科技如何改变人们生活的介绍。

关键词：科技专家专栏作家应用程序大卫手机温度

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Giant resonant light forces in microspherical photonics

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Light(Science & Applications) 2013年第1期2卷 176-183页

作者： Yangcheng Li Oleksiy V Svitelskiy Alexey V Maslov david Carnegie Edik Rafailov Vasily N Astratov Department of Physics and Optical Science Center for Optoelectronics and Optical CommunicationUniversity of North Carolina at CharlotteCharlotteNC 28223-0001USA Department of Radiophysics University of Nizhny NovgorodNizhny Novgorod 603950Russia Photonics and Nanoscience Group School of Electrical Engineering and PhysicsUniversity of DundeeNethergateDundee DD14HNUK Colgate University HamiltonNY 13346USA

Resonant light pressure effects can open new.degrees of freedom in optical manipulation w.th microparticles,but they have been traditionally considered as relatively subtle *** a simplified tw.-dimensional model of surface electromagnetic w.ves evanescently coupled to w.ispering gallery modes(w.Ms)in transparent circular cavities,w. show.that under resonant conditions the peaks of the optical forces can approach theoretical limits imposed by the momentum conservation law.on totally absorbing ***,w. proved the existence of strong peaks of the optical forces by studying the optical propulsion of dielectric microspheres along tapered *** observed giant optical propelling velocities,0.45 mm s21 for some of the 15-20 mm polystyrene microspheres in w.ter for guided pow.rs limited at,43 *** velocities exceed previous observations by more than an order of magnitude,thereby providing evidence for the strongly enhanced resonant optical *** analyzed the statistical properties of the velocity distribution function measured for slightly disordered(,1%size variations)ensembles of microspheres w.th mean diameters varying from 3 to 20 *** results demonstrate a principal possibility of optical sorting of microspheres w.th the positions of w.M resonances overlapped at the w.velength of the laser *** can be used as building blocks of the lossless coupled resonator optical w.veguides and various integrated optoelectronics devices.

关键词： optical propulsion optical forces w.ispering gallery modes microspheres evanescent coupling

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Hematomas and Limb Skeletal Malformations in Chicken Embryos Follow.ng Exposure to 5-Fluoro-2'-Deoxyuridine

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 1998年第1期11卷 15-30页

作者： ROBERT S. NOLAN GARRY SCHw.RTZ SEAN FARQUHARSON david R.HOOTNICK E. MARK LEVINSOHN MARY MILLER LISA A. MANZ AND david S. PACKARD, JR (Departments of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Orthopedic Surgery,and Pediatrics, State University of New.York Health Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology State University of New York Health Science Center Syracuse 13210 USA

Vascular injury or interruption may play a role in vertebrate limb teratogenesis. Since 5fluoro- 2'- deoxyuridine (FdU) can cause vascular injury in the murine limb and skull prior to the appearance of skeletal malformations in these structures, w. studied the effects of this chemical on skeletal development in the chick embryo and noted any vascular injury. The yolk sacs of day three ehick embryos (Hamburger and hamilton states 17-19) w.re injected w.th solutions of vary concentrations of FdU in saline. The embryos developed until the 10th day of incubation w.en they w.re fixed for study. Uninjected, saline injected, and sham injected control embryo w.re similarly fixed. Upon gross inspection, frequent diffuse and saccular hernatomas, as w.ll as fluid-filled blisters, w.re noted in the limbs of embryos treated w.th FdU. After the embryos w.re fixed and cleared, and the skeletons stained, significant skeletal malformations w.re observed in these limbs. Bony elements of both the upper and low.r limbs w.re affected in at least some of the embryos. The combination of FdU-induced hematomas and blisters w.th associated skeletal malformations in the same regions of some embryos suggests a relationship betw.en these phenomena.

关键词： Hematomas and Limb Skeletal Malformations in Chicken Embryos Follow.ng Exposure to 5-Fluoro-2 Deoxyuridine

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Transient decrease in sound tolerance levels follow.ng hearing deprivation in normal-hearing subjects

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Journal of Otology 2022年第4期17卷 232-238页

作者： Eleazar Grateron Tricia Scaglione Shriya Airen Stefania Goncalves Sinay A.Ceballos david Baguley Juan A.Chiossone Fundacion Venezolana de Otología Clinical Research GroupVenezuela University of Miami Department of OtolaryngologyUSA University of Nottingham Hearing ScienceUK

Objective:To determine the circadian influence on sound sensitivity produced by temporal hearing deprivation in healthy normal human ***:Participants underw.nt bilateral earplugging before completion of anthropometry,the author's developed questionnaire,the hamilton Anxiety and Depression Inventory,pure tone audiometry(PTA),stapedial reflex thresholds(SRT),distortion products otoacoustic emissions input/output(DPOAE-I/O),and uncomfortable loudness levels(ULLs).Afterw.rd,the participants w.re randomly divided into group A,starting at 8:00 *** finishing at 8:00 p.m.,and group B,starting at 4:00 *** ending at 4:00 *** cortisol levels and audiological test results w.re obtained at the beginning and end of the session and 24-h free urinary cortisol levels w.re *** sample:Thirty healthy ***:PTA w.s 2.68 and 3.33 dB HL in groups A and B,respectively,w.th no statistical difference betw.en *** w.re significantly low.r in group A compared to group B,w.th an average of 8.1 dB SPL in group A and 3.3 dB SPL in group B(pw.s observed in group A,w.th no difference in group B,and a night shift in DPOAE-I/O in group ***:Reduced loudness tolerance is demonstrated during daytime hearing deprivation in contrast to nighttime;this may be due to increased central gain in the aw.ke cortex.

关键词： Hyperacusis Central gain Hearing deprivation

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Virtual Reality as an Adjunct to Ketamine Infusion Therapy Increases Patient Satisfaction in the Management of Chronic Pain and Depression: A Retrospective Pilot Study

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Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science（行为与脑科学期刊） 2023年第12期

作者： Melissa C. Selinger david M. Compton hamilton Morris Timothy J. Canty

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Atrial fibrillation： the current epidemic

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2017年第3期14卷 195-203页

作者： Carlos A Morillo Amitava Banerjee Pablo Perel david w.od Xavier Jouven Department of Cardiac Sciences Division of Cardiology Libin Cardiovascular Institute University of Calgary Calgary AB Canada Population Health Research Institute Hamilton Health Sciences McMaster University Hamilton ON Canada Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research University College of London London UK Centre for Global NCDs London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine London UK w.rld Heart Federation Geneva Switzerland International Centre for Circulatory Health Imperial College London London UK Department of Cardiology European Georges-Pompidou Hospital Paris France Paris Cardiovascular Research Center Paris Descartes University lnserm U970 (PARCC) Paris France

Atrial fibrillation （AF） is the most common arrhythmia diagnosed in clinical practice. The consequences of AF have been clearly estab- lished in multiple large observational cohort studies and include increased stroke and systemic embolism rates if no oral anticoagulation is prescribed, w.th increased morbidity and mortality. w.th the w.rldw.de aging of the population characterized by a large influx of ＂baby boomers＂ w.th or w.thout risk factors for developing AF, an epidemic is forecasted w.thin the next 10 to 20 years. Although not all studies support this evidence, it is clear that AF is on the rise and a significant amount of health resources are invested in detecting and managing AF This review.focuses on the w.rldw.de burden of AF and review. global health strategies focused on improving detection, prevention and risk stratification of AF, recently recommended by the w.rld Heart Federation.

关键词： Aging Anticoagulation Atrial fibrillation Heart failure Hypertension Stroke

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