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The role of complement C5a receptor in DPSC odontoblastic differentiation and in vivo reparative dentin formation

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International Journal of Oral Science 2022年第1期14卷 71-79页

作者： Muhammad Irfan Ji-Hyun Kim Hassan Marzban david AReed Anne George Lyndon FCooper Seung chung Department of Oral Biology University of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoUSA Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science University of ManitobaWinnipegCanada

Therapeutic dentin regeneration remains difficult to achieve,and a majority of the attention has been given to anabolic strategies to promote dentinogenesis directly,whereas,the available literature is insufficient to understand the role of inflammation and inflammatory complement system on *** aim of this study is to determine the role of complement C5a receptor(C5aR)in regulating dental pulp stem cells(DPSCs)differentiation and in vivo dentin *** DPSCs were subjected to odontogenic differentiation in osteogenic media treated with the C5aR agonist and C5aR *** vivo dentin formation was evaluated using the dentin injury/pulp-capping model of the C5a-deficient and wildtype *** vitro results demonstrate that C5aR inhibition caused a substantial reduction in odontogenic DPSCs differentiation markers such as DMP-1 and DSPP,while the C5aR activation increased these key odontogenic genes compared to control.A reparative dentin formation using the C5a-deficient mice shows that dentin regeneration is significantly reduced in the C5a-deficient *** data suggest a positive role of C5aR in the odontogenic DPSCs differentiation and tertiary/reparative dentin *** study addresses a novel regulatory pathway and a therapeutic approach for improving the efficiency of dentin regeneration in affected teeth.

关键词： C5a vivo inflammation

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基于大语言模型的糖尿病管理:潜力与展望

Science Bulletin 2024年第5期69卷 583-588页

作者：盛斌管洲榆 Lee-Ling Lim 江泽铧 Nestoras Mathioudakis 李佳佳刘茹涵包玉倩 Yong Mong Bee 王亚星郑颖丰 Gavin Siew Wei Tan 纪宏伟 Josip Car 王海波 david C.Klonoff 李华婷覃宇宗黄天荫贾伟平 Shanghai International Joint Laboratory of Intelligent Prevention and Treatment for Metabolic Diseases Department of Computer Science and EngineeringSchool of ElectronicInformationand Electrical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityDepartment of Endocrinology and MetabolismShanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai Diabetes InstituteShanghai Clinical Center for DiabetesShanghai 200240China MOE Key Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence Artificial Intelligence InstituteShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Department of Medicine Faculty of MedicineUniversity of MalayaKuala Lumpur 50603Malaysia Department of Medicine and Therapeutics The Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina Asia Diabetes Foundation Hong KongChina Tsinghua Medicine of Tsinghua University Beijing 100084China School of Clinical Medicine Beijing Tsinghua Changgung HospitalBeijing 102218China Division of Endocrinology Diabetes&MetabolismJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMD 21211USA Department of Endocrinology Singapore General HospitalSingapore 169608Singapore Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology Beijing Tongren HospitalCapital University of Medical ScienceBeijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key LaboratoryBeijing 100730China State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology Zhongshan Ophthalmic CenterSun Yat-sen UniversityGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual ScienceGuangzhou 510060China Singapore Eye Research Institute Singapore National Eye CentreSingapore 168751Singapore Department of Cardiology the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdao 266011China Centre for Population Health Sciences Lee Kong Chian School of MedicineNanyang Technological University SingaporeSingapore 639798Singapore Department of Primary Care and Public Health School of Public HealthImperial College LondonLondon SW72BUUK Clinical Trial Unit Research Centre of Big Data and Artificial Intelligence in Medicine

The increasing prevalence of diabetes has become a global public health concern in the 21st *** 2021,it was estimated that 537 million people had diabetes,and this number is projected to reach 643 million by 2030,and 783 million by 2045[1].Such a huge burden of diabetes brings great challenges in its prevention and management,including early diagnosis,timely interventions,and regular monitoring of risk factor control and complications *** self-care support and patient empowerment can enhance clinical and psychobehavioural outcomes[2],although these require additional resources including manpower,infrastructure(hard and technology),and *** emergence of digital health technologies(DHTs),especially artificial intelligence(AI),may help address these obstacles and alleviate the burden of diabetes[3].Large language models(LLMs),a generative AI that can accept image and text inputs and produce text outputs,have shown promise in various aspects of medical care.

关键词： prevention diagnosis finance

Chronic subdural haematoma during the COVID-19 lockdown period:late presentation with a longer interval from the initial head injury to the final presentation and diagnosis

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Chinese Neurosurgical Journal 2022年第1期8卷 31-35页

作者： david Yuen chung Chan Wai Sang Poon Danny Tat Ming Chan Wai Kit Mak George Kwok Chu Wong Division of Neurosurgery Department of SurgeryFaculty of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong KongPrince of Wales HospitalHong Kong SARChina

Background:The COVID-19 novel coronavirus is contagious,and the mortality is higher in the elderly *** in different parts of the world has been imposed since January *** subdural haematoma (cSDH) has a unique natural history in which symptoms can be non-specific,and the onset is *** study aims to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the presentation of ***:Consecutive adult cSDH patients admitted from 1 March 2020 to 30 April 2020 were *** criteria including those who had no definite history of head injury or the diagnosis of cSDH were made from a scheduled follow-up *** data during the same period in 2019 were reviewed for *** primary outcome was the interval between the initial head injury and the final radiological diagnosis of *** outcomes include Markwalder chronic subdural haematoma grade upon admission,length of stay in the acute hospital,and the modified Rankin scale (mRS) upon ***:For the primary outcome,the average interval between head injury and the diagnosis of cSDH was significantly longer at 56.6 days (49 to 74 days,SD 9.83 days) during the period from March to April 2020,versus 29.4 days (17 to 42 days,SD 8.59 days) in 2019 for the corresponding period (p = 0.00703).There was no significant difference in the functional outcome upon ***:cSDH patients can present late during the COVID-19 lockdown *** functional outcome was comparable when operations for drainage were timely performed.

关键词： Chronic subdural haematoma Novel coronavirus COVID-19 Head injury

Recent advances in the managements of type 2 diabetes mellitus and natural hypoglycemic substances

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2022年第5期11卷 1121-1133页

作者： Chong Ning Yuhan Jiao Jiaqi Wang Weiwei Li Jingqiu Zhou Yi-Chieh Lee Dik-Lung Ma chung-Hang Leung Rugang Zhu Hui-Min david Wang College of Light Industry Liaoning UniversityShenyang 110036China Department of Life Sciences National Chung Hsing UniversityTaichung 402TaiwanChina Department of Chemistry Hong Kong Baptist UniversityKowloon Tong 999077Hong KongChina State Key Laboratoryof Quality Research in Chinese Medicine Institute of Chinese Medical SciencesUniversity of MacaoMacao 999078China Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering National Chung Hsing UniversityTaichung 402TaiwanChina Graduate Institute of Medicine College of MedicineKaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiung City 807TaiwanChina Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology China Medical UniversityTaichung City 404TaiwanChina

Diabetes has become a global concern at present,among which type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)accounts for approximately 90%-95%of patients.T2DM is a type of metabolic disorder syndrome that results from a genetic defect,and it is based on insulin resistance and an insulin secretion *** occurrence of T2DM is usually the outcome of both genetic and environmental factors and their *** etiology and pathogenesis of diabetes have not been fully elucidated,and no radical therapeutic cure has been *** with T2DM suffer from complications such as the development of a chronic hyperglycemic condition and even serious metabolic disorders and organ damage in the body and depression and dementia,in addition to other chronic *** studies have suggested that diet is crucial in the development of diabetes and the control of blood *** substances have the characteristics of low toxicity and few side effects and may be key to the development of diabetic health products and preventive *** paper reviews the etiology,pathogenesis,risks,treatments and diets related to T2DM to summarize the types of recently available natural products,from both local and foreign sources,for lowering blood glucose at home and their application in supplementary hypoglycemic *** key findings and conclusions suggest that there are various known T2DM-inducing factors,including genetic and environmental factors and three types of hybrid factors.

关键词： Obesity Type 2 diabetes mellitus Etiological agent Diet Insulin resistance Natural substances

Video quality based link adaptation for low latency video transmission over WLANs

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) 2006年第5期7卷 847-856页

作者： FERR Pierre DOUFEXI Angela chung-HOW James NIX Andrew BULL david University of Bristol Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Centre for Communications Research Bristol BS8 1UB UK ProVision Communication Technologies Bristol BS4 4EU UK

Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs) such as IEEE 802.11a/g and Hiperlan/2 utilise numerous transmission modes, each providing different throughputs and reliability levels. Many link adaptation algorithms proposed in the literature either maximise the error-free data throughput based on channel conditions or are based on the number of failed transmissions. However, these algo- rithms do not take into account the content of the data stream and strongly rely on the use of Automatic Repeat Requests (ARQs). Low latency video applications such as real-time video transmission may require no retransmission, or only a limited number of retrans- missions. Moreover, completely error-free communication is not essential, especially if robust video compression techniques are applied. In such scenarios, improved decoded video quality can be obtained with a video stream transmitted at a higher bit rate using a higher link speed but with some degree of transmission error, rather than an error-free video stream at a lower bit rate using a lower link speed. In this work, we investigate a link adaptation scheme that improves the Quality of Service (QoS) for video transmission, based on the overall received video quality (Peak Signal to Noise Ratio, PSNR), rather than by maximising the error-free throughput. We also study a practical link adaptation approach that uses PER thresholds at the PHY layer. An empirical study showed that thresholds for switching from one mode to another are much lower (almost error free) than those currently used by throughput based schemes. We show that traditional link adaptation strategies are not appropriate for real-time video transmission with no retransmis- sion. Simulation results using the H.264 video compression standard over IEEE 802.11a are presented.

关键词： Link adaptation Wireless LAN Video quality Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) Packet Error Rate (PER)

Effect of thickness of planar nozzles on erosion depth of levee soils subjected to plunging water

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2018年第3期33卷 243-249页

作者： chung Rak Song Jinwon Kim James Tyler Kidd Alexander Cheng david Admiraal Department of Civil Engineering University of Nebraska-Lincoln

In this study, the effect of the thickness of a planar jet on the erosion depth when the jet impinges on a surface composed of cohesive soil was analytically and numerically evaluated. The results showed that the erosion depth was practically independent of the nozzle thickness for erosion depths shallower than the potential core length(i.e. the region of the jet in which the central flow velocity is the same as the nozzle velocity). The relation between nozzle thickness and erosion depth was non-linear with continuously variable slope for erosion depths deeper than the potential core length. Finally, the relation was approximately linear when the erosion depth converged to the equilibrium erosion depth. The findings of this study indicate that direct and fast prediction of the erosion depth in the field is possible using the data from a small scale soil erosion test with similar flow velocities.

关键词： Nozzle thickness Levee erosion Erosion depth Plunging water Planar nozzle

Fluorescence lifetime imaging of molecular rotors to map microviscosity in cells

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Chinese Optics Letters 2010年第10期8卷 926-930页

作者： James A. Levitt Marina K. Kuimova Gokhan Yahioglu Pei-Hua chung Klaus Suhling david Phillips Department of Physics King's College London Department of Chemistry Imperial College London PhotoBiotics Ltd.

Fluorescence liftime imaging （FLIM） of modified hydrophobic bodipy dyes that act as fluorescent molecular rotors shows that the fluorescence lifetime of these probes is a function of the microviscosity of their environment. Incubating cells with these dyes, we find a punctate and continuous distribution of the dye in cells. The viscosity value obtained in what appears to be endocytotic vesicles in living cells is around 100 times higher than that of water and of cellular ***-resolved fluorescence anisotropy measurements also yield rotational correlation times consistent with large microviscosity values. In this way, we successfully develop a practical and versatile approach to map the microviscosity in cells based on imaging fluorescent molecular rotors.

关键词： Fluorescence lifetime imaging of molecular rotors to map microviscosity in cells

Steroid for chronic subdural hematoma? A prospective phase IIB pilot randomized controlled trial on the use of dexamethasone with surgical drainage for the reduction of recurrence with reoperation

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Chinese Neurosurgical Journal 2015年第1期1卷 -页

作者： david Yuen chung Chan Tin Fung david Sun Wai Sang Poon Division of Neurosurgery Department of Surgery Prince of Wales HospitalThe Chinese University of Hong Kong 30-32 Ngan Shing Street Shatin NTHong Kong

Chronic subdural hematoma is a common neurosurgical condition especially in the aging population. Burr hole for drainage is an effective treatment, yet recurrence is reported at 8 to 22 % worldwide, and 1-year mortality rates could be as high as 32 %. Our previous study on the use of dexamethasone as a primary nonsurgical treatment showed good response in selected group of patients. This study aims to assess the efficacy of dexamethasone with surgical drainage in the reduction of recurrence requiring reoperation. From October 2000 to September 2006, patients with chronic subdural hematoma admitted to the Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, were randomized to surgical drainage with steroid versus surgical drainage only. The primary endpoint was symptomatic recurrence requiring reoperation. Two hundred forty-eight patients were recruited and consented for the randomization during the study period. One hundred twenty-two received both surgery and steroid (the intervention arm) while 126 received surgery only (the control arm). The recurrence rate requiring reoperation was 6.6 % (8/122) and 13.5 % (17/126), respectively (p = 0.109). There was no significant difference in complications such as chest infection (p = 0.201) or wound infection (p = 0.987). Favorable outcome (Glasgow Outcome Score 4–5) was 104/122 (85.2 %) in the intervention group versus 105/126 (83.3 %) in the control group, respectively (p = 0.811). Based on the recurrence rate in our study, we generate a potential sample size of at least 594 patients (type I error = 5 %, power = 80 %, two-sided test) to detect a significant difference. In this prospective pilot phase IIB randomized controlled study, steroid with surgical drainage had a lower recurrence with reoperation though statistically insignificant. It was safe with no significant difference in complication rates. This pilot study generates a potential sample size for a definitive larger double-blinded randomized controlled

关键词： Chronic subdural hematoma Steroid Burr hole for drainage

Aquablation in men with benign prostate hyperplasia:A systematic review and meta-analysis

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Current Urology 2023年第1期17卷 68-76页

作者： david C.Chen Liang Qu Howard Webb Kirby Qin Bodie Chislett Alan Xue Sari Khaleel Manuel De Jesus Escano Eric chung Ahmed Adam Damien Bolton Marlon Perera Department of Surgery University of MelbourneAustin HealthMelbourneAustralia Young Urology Researchers Organisation(YURO) MelbourneAustralia Urology Service School of MedicineUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMNUSA Research Department Universidad IberoamericanaSanto DomingoDominican Republic Princess Alexandra Hospital WoolloongabbaBrisbaneAustralia Division of Urology Department of SurgeryFaculty of Health SciencesUniversity of the WitwatersrandSchool of Clinical MedicineJohannesburgSouth Africa

Objective:The aim of the study is to investigate improvements in lower urinary tract symptoms in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH)treated with prostatic *** and methods:We performed a literature search of clinical trials using the MEDLINE,Embase,and Cochrane Library databases and retrieved published works on Aquablation for the treatment of BPH up to August *** works,case reports,conference proceedings,editorial comments,and letters were *** of bias was assessed using the ROBINS-I *** means and mean differences were meta-analyzed to produce summary estimates for pre-versus post-international Prostate Symptom Scores,maximum flow rate,and male sexual health questionnaire value *** inverse-variance weighted random effects model was ***:Seven studies were included in this review(n=551 patients)that evaluated various urological *** 3 months,the International Prostate Symptom Scores raw mean difference from baseline was-16.475(95%confidence interval[CI],-15.264 to-17.686;p<0.001),with improvements sustained for 12 ***,maximum flow rate improved by+1.96(95%CI,10.015 to 11.878;p<0.001)from pre to 3 months *** addition,the male sexual health questionnaire change pooled effect size was-0.55(95%CI,-1.621 to 0.531;p=0.321)from preintervention to postintervention at 3 ***-analyses of some outcomes showed large statistical heterogeneity or evidence of publication ***:Aquablation seems to improve lower urinary tract symptoms in men with BPH while providing relatively preserved sexual *** research is required to confirm these preliminary results.

关键词： Benign prostatic hyperplasia Prostate Aquablation Meta-analysis