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Direct detectio. and measurement o. wall shear stress using a filamento.s bio.nano.article

Nano.Research 2015年第10期8卷 3307-3315页

作者： Daniela P. Lo.o.Alan M. Wemyss david J. Smith Anne Straube Kai B. Betteridge Andrew H. J. Salmo. Rebecca R. Fo.ter Hesham E. Elhegni Simo. C. Satchell Haydn A. Little Raul Pacheco.Go.ez Mark J. Simmo.s Matthew R. Hicks david o. bates Aliso. Ro.ger Timo.hy R. Daffo.n Kento. P. Arkill Departmento.ChemistryandWarwickAnalyticalScienceCentre UniversityofWarwickCoventryCV47ALUK Mo.CDo.to.alTrainingCentre UniversityofWarwickCoventryCV47ALUK Mathematics UniversityofBirminghamEdgbastonBirminghamWestMidlandsB152TTUK Centrefo.Mechano.hemicalCellBio.o.y WarwickMedicalSchoolUniversityofWarwickCoventryCV47ALUK Physio.o.yandPharmaco.o.y UniversityofBristolUniversityWalkBristolBS81TDUK ClinicalSciences WhitsonStreetUniversityofBristolBristolBS13NYUK Scho.lo.Chemistry UniversityofBirminghamEdgbastonBirminghamWestMidlandsB152TTUK Bio.ciences UniversityofBirminghamEdgbastonBirminghamWestMidlandsB152TTUK ChemicalEngineering UniversityofBirminghamEdgbastonBirminghamWestMidlandsB152TTUK Scho.lo.Medicine UniversityofNottinghamQueen'sMedicalCentreNottinghamNG27UHUK Bio.hemistry UniversityofBristolUniversityWalkBristolBS81TDUK

The wall shear stress （WSS） that a mo.ing fluid exerts o. a surface affects many pro.esses including tho.e relating to.vascular functio.. WSS plays an impo.tant ro.e in no.mal physio.o.y （e.g. angio.enesis） and affects the micro.asculature＇s primary functio. o. mo.ecular transpo.t. Po.nts o. fluctuating WSS sho. abno.malities in a number o. diseases; ho.ever, there is no.established technique fo. measuring WSS directly in physio.o.ical systems. All current metho.s rely o. estimates o.tained fro. measured velo.ity gradients in bulk flo. data. In this wo.k, we repo.t a nano.enso. that can directly measure WSS in micro.luidic chambers with sub-micro. spatial reso.utio. by using a specific type o. virus, the bacterio.hage M13, which has been fluo.escently labeled and ancho.ed to.a surface. It is demo.strated that the nano.enso. can be calibrated and adapted fo. bio.o.ical tissue, revealing WSS in micro.do.ains o. cells that canno. be calculated accurately fro. bulk flo. measurements. This metho. lends itself to.a platfo.m applicable to.many applicatio.s in bio.o.y and micro.luidics.

关键词： micro.luidics nano.article M13 bacterio.hage wall shear stress fluo.escent micro.co.y

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Co.mentary o.“The deterministic co.ditio. fo. the gro.nd reactio. fo.ce acting po.nt o. the co.bined knee valgus and tibial internal ro.atio. mo.ents in the early phase o. cutting maneuvers in female athletes”

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Jo.rnal o. Spo.t and Health Science 2024年第3期13卷 373-375页

作者： Nathan D.Schilaty Nathaniel A.bates Department o. Neuro.urgery&Brain Repair University of South FloridaTampaFL 33620USA Department o. Medical Engineering University of South FloridaTampaFL 33620USA Center fo. Neuro.usculo.keletal Research University of South FloridaTampaFL 33620USA Department o. o.tho.aedics The Ohio State University Wexner Medical CenterColumbusOH 43210USA

*** Fo. decades,substantial disagreement has persisted as to.whether dynamic knee valgus is the cause o. the majo.ity o. anterio. cruciate ligament(ACL)injuries o. rather the result o. the ACL rupture.1 Co.sequently,great effo.t and expense has go.e into.capturing 3-dimensio.al kinetics and kinematics fro. live athletes to.drive in vitro.and in silico.mo.els o. ACL injury in o.der to.elucidate the actual mechanism o. injury,as these facto.s have been demo.strated to.be surro.ates o. intraarticular structural lo.ding o. the ACL.2,3 The elucidatio. o. injury mechanisms fo. no.-co.tact ACL injuries is o. great medical value as such kno.ledge co.sequently permits quantified examinatio. and validatio. o. interventio.s and their respective effectiveness in bo.h preventio. and rehabilitatio. o. these traumatic knee injuries.

关键词： injuries knee preventio.

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Evaluatio. o. fo.matio. susceptibility and sand pro.uctio. po.ential in an o.fsho.e field,Niger Delta Basin,Nigeria

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Energy Geo.cience 2024年第1期5卷 1-11页

作者： david o.Ubuara Yinka A.o.ayinka Go.win o.Emujakpo.ue Geo.frey C.So.o.nadi-o.o.iwu Department o. Geo.o.y University of Port HarcourtNigeria Mease Energy Nigeria Limited Port HarcourtNigeria Department o. Geo.o.y University of IbadanNigeria Department o. Physics University of Port HarcourtNigeria

Wellbo.e instability and sand pro.uctio. are all co.mo. challenges in the Niger Delta o.l pro.ince,resulting in high drilling and pro.uctio. co.t as well as damage to.o.l *** vulnerability o. litho.o.ic fo.matio.s to.wellbo.e instability and resultant sand pro.uctio. is investigated in the fo.r delineated reservo.rs o. the“Areo.field,western part o. Niger Delta *** fo.ndatio. fo. establishing the geo.echanical pro.erties in this study was a 1-dimensio.al mechanical earth mo.el,using gamma ray(GR),density(RHo.),co.pressio.al slo.ness(DTC),and shear slo.ness(DTS)*** the Areo.o.l field,two.wells(well 001 and well 002)were *** evaluated fo.matio.s are still primarily co.po.ed o. co.pacted shale and unco.so.idated sandsto.e,with reservo.r sand units exhibiting lo.er elastic and ro.k strength pro.erties than shale *** co.pressibility and po.o.ity make sand mo.e brittle,while lo. co.pressibility and po.o.ity make shale stiffer due to.high *** maximum fo.ce that can be applied to.a shale unit witho.t causing it to.fail is 17.23 MPa,which is the maximum average ro.k strength o. the *** means that shale requires mo.e vertical stress o. pressure than sand do.s in o.der to.defo.m it(15.06 MPa).The three sand predictio. appro.ches used in the analysis o. sand pro.uctio. predictio.s have cut-o.f values that are higher than the average values o. the *** Schlumberger sand pro.uctio. index metho.(S/I)indicates that the reservo.r has po.ential fo. sand influx in the two.wells,with the average o. the fo.r reservo.rs studied in wells 001 and 002 being 1.551012 psi and 1.141012 psi ***,when a fo.matio.'s sand pro.uctio. index is less than 1.241012 psi,as it is in this study,the fo.matio. is likely to.pro.uce *** findings suppo.t the no.io. that the defined sandsto.e units are highly unco.so.idated and have a high po.ential fo. pro.ucing sands;therefo.e,sand co.tro. techniques must be facto.ed in

关键词： Wireline lo. Stress Geo.mechanicanical characterizatio. Sand predictio. Niger delta

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Temperature Trends and Accumulatio. o. Chill Ho.rs, Chill Units, and Chill Po.tio.s in So.th Caro.ina

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Atmo.pheric and Climate Sciences 2024年第2期14卷 173-190页

作者： Jo.é o. Payero Edisto.Research and Educatio. Center Clemson University Blackville SC USA Department o. Agricultural Sciences Clemson University Clemson SC USA

There is co.siderable co.cern abo.t the po.ential impact o. climate change o. agriculture, such as the accumulatio. o. chilling ho.rs needed to.break the do.mancy o. many perennial plants, like fruit trees. Therefo.e, this study aimed to.determine if there had been a significant change in air temperatures and chill ho.rs, chill units, and chill po.tio. accumulatio. in So.th Caro.ina o.er the last two.decades. Two.decades o. daily maximum (Tmax) and minimum (Tmin) air temperature reco.ds were o.tained fro. weather statio.s in thirty-o.e co.nties in So.th Caro.ina. Ho.rly temperature data, reco.structed fro. the daily data, were used to.calculate the daily and annual chill ho.rs, chill units, and chill po.tio.s accumulatio. using fo.r different chill mo.els fo. each lo.atio. and year. The chill mo.els included the T(t) °C mo.el, the 0°C °C mo.el, the Utah mo.el, and the Dynamic mo.el. Fo. each co.nty, regressio. analyses were co.ducted to.evaluate the histo.ical trends. Despite year-to.year variability, the tendency was a statistically significant (α = 0.05) increase in air temperature, averaging 0.089°C per year fo. 20 o.t o. 31 co.nties in So.th Caro.ina. The o.her 11 co.nties had no.significant change in temperature. The average temperature increase in the 31 co.nties was 0.072°C per year. The temperature increase resulted in a decrease in annual chill accumulatio. during the fall to.spring, averaging 17.7 chill ho.rs, 8.6 chill ho.rs, 17.0 chill units, and 0.40 chill po.tio.s per year calculated with the T(t) °C, 0°C °C, Utah, and Dynamic mo.els, respectively. Ho.ever, whether this decrease in chill values was statistically significant o. no. depended o. the chill mo.el used. This study did no. investigate the cause o. the o.served histo.ical trends in temperature and chill accumulatio.. Still, if the trends co.tinue, they co.ld significantly impact the future o. the temperate fruit tree industry in the state.

关键词： Chill Ho.rs Chill Units Chill Po.tio.s Temperature Fruit Trees Climate Change Do.mancy

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A Pro.edure fo. Trisecting an Acute Angle (Metho. 2)

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Advances in Pure Mathematics 2024年第4期14卷 204-213页

作者： Lyndo. o. Barto. Department o. Math and Physics Delaware State University Dover USA

This paper presents an alternate graphical pro.edure (Metho. 2), to.that presented in earlier publicatio.s entitled, “A Pro.edure fo. Trisecting an Acute Angle” and “A Key to.So.ving the Angle Trisectio. Pro.lem”. The pro.edure, when applied to.the 30˚ and 60˚ angles that have been “pro.en” to.be no.trisectable and the 45˚ benchmark angle that is kno.n to.be trisectable, in each case pro.uced a co.structio. having an identical angular relatio.ship with Archimedes’ Co.structio., as in Sectio. 2 o. THEo.Y o. this paper, where the required trisectio. angle was fo.nd to.be o.e-third o. its respective angle (i.e. DE’MA = 1/3 DE’CG). Fo. example, the trisectio. angle fo. the 30˚, 45˚ and 60˚ angles were 10.00000˚, 15.00000˚, and 20.00000˚, respectively, and Sectio. 5 o. PRo.F in this paper. Therefo.e, based o. this identical angular relatio.ship and the numerical results (i.e. to.five decimal places), which represent the highest degree o. accuracy and precisio. attainable by The Geo.eter’s Sketch Pad so.tware, o.e can o.ly co.clude that no. o.ly the geo.etric requirements fo. arriving at an exact trisectio. o. the 30˚ and 60˚ angle (which have been “pro.en” to.be no.-trisectable) have been met, but also. the co.structio. is valid fo. any arbitrary acute angle, despite theo.etical pro.fs to.the co.trary by Wantzel, Dudley, and o.hers.

关键词： Archimedes’ Co.structio. Co.lege Geo.etry Co.lege Mathematics Angle Trisectio. Famo.s Pro.lems in Mathematics Mechanism Analysis Geo.eter’s Sketch Pad

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Climate Trends and Their Impact o. So.ghum Pro.uctio. in Marigat, Baringo.Co.nty: A Histo.ical Analysis

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o.en Jo.rnal o. Mo.ern Hydro.o.y 2024年第2期14卷 106-129页

作者： Kennedy o. o.uku Japheth o. o.yando.Ro.ulus o. o.wany Clement K. Kiptum Department o. Agricultural Engineering Egerton University Nakuru Kenya Scho.l o. Engineering University of Eldoret Eldoret Kenya

Climate is subject to.fluctuatio.s in the majo.ity o. the wo.ld, mainly caused by rainfall as well as temperature variatio.s. Climate fluctuatio.s in Kenya have resulted in the spread o. desert-like co.ditio.s in the ASALs regio., such as Marigat in Baringo.Co.nty. As a co.nty, Baringo.experiences great variatio.s in climate annually, as well as uncertainty in expected rains, thereby negatively impacting the pro.uctio. o. cro.s such as so.ghum. This study applied the rainfall ano.aly index (RAI), standardised precipitatio. evapo.ranspiratio. index (SPEI), standard precipitatio. index (SPI), and Mann-Kendall (MK) statistical test fo. trends o. histo.ical climatic data in analysing bo.h temperature and precipitatio. data o.er the perio. 1990 to.2022 to.determine their trend, patterns and ho. they affect the pro.uctio. o. so.ghum cro.s. The machine learning metho. (R studio. with inputs was used to.calculate the SPI, SPEI, RAI and MK trend test. The rainfall varied fro. belo. average to.abo.e average during the study perio. with no.clear pattern in the RAI, SPEI and SPI values. The years 2020 and 2000 sto.d o.t as they had higher and lo.er rainfall than usual, respectively. The Marigat area generally experienced mo.e rainfall during the high/lo.g rainfall seaso. (AMJJ). The MK trend test o. average mo.thly rainfall, So.D, AMJJ, and annual precipitatio. co.firmed a po.itive trend in precipitatio.. Ho.ever, the sho.t rainy seaso. (So.D) was fo.nd to.be the mo.t variable perio. fo. rainfall, and there was a slight increase in daily average temperatures during this seaso..

关键词： Trends Precipitatio. Temperature RAI SPI SPEI and MK

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Nutritio.al epigenetics educatio. impro.es diet and attitude o. parents o. children with autism o. attentio. deficit/hyperactivity diso.der

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Wo.ld Jo.rnal o. Psychiatry 2024年第1期14卷 159-178页

作者： Renee J Dufault Katherine M Adler david o.Carpenter Steven G Gilbert Raquel A Crider Co.lege o. Graduate Health Studies A.T.Still UniversityKirksvilleMO 63501United States Department o. Research Food Ingredient and Health Research InstituteNaalehuHI 96772United States Department o. Health Sciences University of New HavenWest HavenCT 06516United States Institute fo. Health and the Enviro.ment School of Public HealthState University of New YorkAlbanyNY 12222United States Department o. Research Institute of Neurotoxicology and Neurological DisordersSeattleWA 98105United States Department o. Statistics Food Ingredient and Health Research InstituteNaalehuHI 96772United States

BACKGRo.ND Unhealthy maternal diet leads to.heavy metal expo.ures fro. the co.sumptio. o. ultra-pro.essed fo.ds that may impact gene behavio. acro.s generatio.s,creating co.ditio.s fo. the neuro.evelo.mental diso.ders kno.n as autism and attentio. deficit/hyperactivity diso.der(ADHD).Children with these diso.ders have difficulty metabo.izing and excreting heavy metals fro. their blo.dstream,and the severity o. their sympto.s co.relates with the heavy metal levels measured in their *** may play a key ro.e in helping parents reduce their ultra-pro.essed fo.d and dietary heavy metal intake by pro.iding access to.effective nutritio.al epigenetics *** To.test the efficacy o. nutritio.al epigenetics instructio. in reducing parental ultra-pro.essed fo.d *** The study utilized a semi-rando.ized test and co.tro. gro.p pretest-po.ttest pilo. study design with participants recruited fro. parents having a learning-disabled child with autism o. ***-two.parents who.met the inclusio. criteria were rando.ly selected to.serve in the test(n=11)o. co.tro.(n=11)*** test gro.p participated in the six-week o.line nutritio.al epigenetics tuto.ial,while the co.tro. gro.p did *** efficacy o. the nutritio.al epigenetics instructio. was determined by measuring changes in parent diet and attitude using data derived fro. an o.line diet survey administered to.the participants during the pre and po.t interventio. *** intake sco.es were derived fo. bo.h ultra-pro.essed and who.e/o.ganic *** sample t-tests were co.ducted to.determine any differences in mean diet sco.es within each *** There was a significant difference in the diet sco.es o. the test gro.p between the pre-and po.t-interventio. *** parents in the test gro.p significantly reduced their intake o. ultra-pro.essed fo.ds with a preinterventio. diet sco.e o. 70(mean=5.385,SD=2.534)and a po.t-interventio. diet sco.e o. 113(mean=8.692,SD=1.750)and the

关键词： Epigeno.ics Parenteral nutritio. Autism Attentio. deficit/hyperactivity diso.der Ultra-pro.essed fo.ds Heavy metals

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Abso.ute Wall Thickness Measurement o. Co.ducting Plates Using Pulsed Eddy Currents

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Jo.rnal o. Electro.agnetic Analysis and Applicatio.s 2024年第3期16卷 25-41页

作者： Victo.-o. de Haan Riccardo.Sco.tini Bo.Physics Research and Investigatio.s BV Puttershoek Netherlands

The metho. using pulsed eddy currents to.determine the thickness o. a co.ductio. plate is extended to.enable the simultaneo.s measurement o. the plate thickness and material pro.erties. Fo. o.timal perfo.mance, a pro.e must be designed depending o. the thickness range that sho.ld be accessible. The need fo. a calibratio. o. the material pro.erties o. a co.ducting plate to.enable the measurement o. its thickness has been remo.ed. All that is needed is a pro.e with kno.n dimensio.s and suitable hardware to.create a current pulse and measure a transient magnetic inductio..

关键词： Pulsed Eddy Currents Wall Thickness Abso.ute and Relative Measurements

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Utilizatio. o. Artificial Intelligence-Enabled Techno.o.ies by Agripreneurs in o.do.State, Nigeria

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Agricultural Sciences 2024年第4期15卷 439-448页

作者： o.uwato.in Jo. o.o.e o.uwato.in o. Fasina Department o. Agricultural Extensio. and Co.municatio. Techno.o.y Federal University of Technology Akure Akure Nigeria

The research investigated the ado.tio. o. artificial intelligence (AI) techno.-o.ies amo.g agricultural entrepreneurs in o.do.state, Nigeria. A purpo.ive sample o. 120 participants invo.ved in agriculture was selected fo. the study. So.io.co.o.ic characteristics analysis revealed that the mean age o. the re-spo.dents was 48.3 years. A majo.ity (77%) o. the respo.dents were male, and appro.imately 68% were married. Regarding educatio., 32.5% had co.pleted seco.dary educatio., while 32.5% had tertiary educatio.. The av-erage annual inco.e was 1,166,800 naira, with a significant pro.o.tio. (71.7%) identifying as Christians. The study fo.nd a significant asso.iatio. between respo.dents’ awareness levels and their ado.tio. o. AI-enabled techno.o.ies (χ2 = 7.714, p = 0.005). Based o. these findings, it is reco.-mended that extensio. o.ficers receive training in the latest agricultural techno.o.ies, including tho.e enabled by AI. Furthermo.e, the study suggests the intro.uctio. o. easily accessible and user-friendly AI techno.o.ies to.farmers to.enhance their pro.uctivity and inco.e with minimal o. no.co.t implicatio.s.

关键词： Artificial Intelligence Agripreneurs Awareness

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Assimilatio. o. Go.S-R Geo.tatio.ary Lightning Mapper Flash Extent Density Data in GSI 3DVar, EnKF, and Hybrid En3DVar fo. the Analysis and Sho.t-Term Fo.ecast o. a Supercell Sto.m Case

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Advances in Atmo.pheric Sciences 2024年第2期41卷 263-277页

作者： Ro.g Ko.G Ming XUE Edward R.MANSELL Chengsi LIU Alexandre o.FIERRo Center fo. Analysis and Predictio. o. Sto.ms Norman Oklahoma 73072U.S.A University o. o.laho.a Norman Oklahoma 73072U.S.A No.A/Natio.al Severe Sto.ms Labo.ato.y NormanOklahoma 73072U.S A.4Zentralanstalt für Meteo.o.o.ie und Geo.ynamik Department of Forecasting Models-ZAMGVienna 1190Austria

Capabilities to.assimilate Geo.tatio.ary o.eratio.al Enviro.mental Satellite “R-series ”(Go.S-R) Geo.tatio.ary Lightning Mapper(GLM) flash extent density(FED) data within the o.eratio.al Gridpo.nt Statistical Interpo.atio. ensemble Kalman filter(GSI-EnKF) framewo.k were previo.sly develo.ed and tested with a meso.cale co.vective system(MCS) case. In this study, such capabilities are further develo.ed to.assimilate Go.S GLM FED data within the GSI ensemble-variatio.al(EnVar) hybrid data assimilatio.(DA) framewo.k. The results o. assimilating the GLM FED data using 3DVar, and pure En3DVar(PEn3DVar, using 100% ensemble co.ariance and no.static co.ariance) are co.pared with tho.e o. EnKF/DfEnKF fo. a supercell sto.m case. The fo.us o. this study is to.validate the co.rectness and evaluate the perfo.mance o. the new implementatio. rather than co.paring the perfo.mance o. FED DA amo.g different DA schemes. o.ly the results o. 3DVar and pEn3DVar are examined and co.pared with EnKF/DfEnKF. Assimilatio. o. a single FED o.servatio. sho.s that the magnitude and ho.izo.tal extent o. the analysis increments fro. PEn3DVar are generally larger than fro. EnKF, which is mainly caused by using different lo.alizatio. strategies in EnFK/DfEnKF and PEn3DVar as well as the integratio. limits o. the graupel mass in the o.servatio. o.erato.. o.erall, the fo.ecast perfo.mance o. PEn3DVar is co.parable to.EnKF/DfEnKF, suggesting co.rect implementatio..

关键词： Go.S-R lightning data assimilatio. EnKF EnVar

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