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Big Earth Data 2018年第2期2卷 144-158页

作者： sen Ma Xuan Shi david Andrews Micron Technology Inc.SeattleWAUSA Department of Geosciences University of ArkansasFayettevilleARUSA Department of CSCE University of ArkansasFayettevilleARUSA

High spectral,spatial,vertical and temporal resolution data are increasingly available and result in the serious challenge to pro-cess big remote-sensing images effectively and *** article introduced how to conduct supervised image classification by implementing maximum likelihood classification(MLC)over big image data on a field programmable gate array(FPGA)*** comparing our prior work of implementing MLC on conventional cluster of multicore computers and graphics processing unit,it can be concluded that FPGAs can achieve the best performance in comparison to conventional CPU cluster and K40 GPU,and are more energy *** proposed pipelined thread approach can be extended to other image-processing solutions to handle big data in the future.

关键词： FPGA maximum likelihood classification parallel computing

Diagnosis and treatment of autoimmune retinopathy

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Annals of Eye Science 2020年第3期5卷 56-68页

作者： Henry Lin david Dao H.Nida sen Laboratory of Immunology National Eye InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA

Autoimmune retinopathy(AIR)refers to both paraneoplastic and non-paraneoplastic forms of a rare,acquired retinal degeneration thought to be mediated by the production of antiretinal ***,the mechanisms underlying AIR pathogenesis are incompletely understood,and it remains a diagnosis of exclusion given the lack of definitive testing as well as its protean clinical *** review summarizes the current literature on the epidemiology,diagnosis,and management of AIR,with a focus on non-paraneoplastic disease and the potential role of immunomodulatory therapy.A recent expert consensus statement on diagnosis and management of non-paraneoplastic AIR served as a framework for interpreting the limited data available,a process that was complicated by the small sample sizes,heterogeneity,and retrospective nature of these *** work is needed to characterize AIR patients on the basis of cytokine and immunogenetic profiling;to establish the pathogenicity of antiretinal antibodies;and to standardize treatment regimens as well as assessment of clinical outcomes.

关键词： Autoimmune retinopathy(AIR) cancer-associated retinopathy melanoma-associated retinopathy immunomodulatory therapy

Sodium variability is associated with increased mortality in severe burn injury

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Burns & Trauma 2017年第4期5卷 243-248页

作者： Soman sen Nam Tran Brian Chan Tina L. Palmieri david G. Greenhalgh Kiho Cho Department of Surgery Division of Burn Surgery University of California Davis 2425 Stockton Blvd. Suite 718 Sacramento CA 95817 USA

Background:Dysnatremias are associated with increased mortality in critically ill patients. Hypernatremia in burn patients is also associated with poor survival. Based on these findings, we hypothesized that high plasma sodium variability is a marker for increased mortality in severely burn-injured patients. Methods:We performed a retrospective review of adult burn patients with a burn injury of 15%total body surface area (TBSA) or greater from 2010 to 2014. All patients included in the study had at least three serum sodium levels checked during admission. We used multivariate logistic regression analysis to determine if hypernatremia, hyponatremia, or sodium variability independently increased the odds ratio (OR) for death. Results:Two hundred twelve patients met entry criteria. Mean age and%TBSA for the study was 45 ± 18 years and 32 ± 19%. Twenty-nine patients died for a mortality rate of 14%. Serum sodium was measured 10,310 times overall. The median number of serum sodium measurements per patient was 22. Non-survivors were older (59 ± 19 vs. 42 ± 16 years) and suffered from a more severe burn injury (50 ± 25%vs. 29 ± 16%TBSA). While mean sodium was significantly higher for non-survivors (138 ± 3 milliequivalents/liter (meq/l)) than for survivors (135 ± 2 meq/l), mean sodium levels remained within the laboratory reference range (135 to 145 meq/l) for both groups. Non-survivors had a significantly higher median number of hypernatremic (>145 meq/l) measurements (2 vs. 0). Coefficient of variation (CV) was significantly higher in non-survivors (2.85 ± 1.1) than survivors (2.0 ± 0.7). Adjusting for TBSA, age, ventilator days, and intensive care unit (ICU) stay, a higher CV of sodium measurements was associated with mortality (OR 5.8 (95%confidence interval (CI) 1.5 to 22)). Additionally, large variation in sodium ranges in the first 10 days of admission may be associated with increased mortality (OR 1.35 (95%CI 1.06 to1.7)). Conclusions:Increased variability in plas

关键词： Sodium Burns Critical illness Ions Hypernatremia Hyponatremia

A benchtop brain injury model using resected donor tissue from patients with Chiari malformation

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第5期18卷 1057-1061页

作者： Jacqueline A.Tickle Jon sen Christopher Adams david N.Furness Rupert Price Viswapathi Kandula Nikolaos Tzerakis Divya M.Chari Aston Pharmacy School College of Health and Life SciencesAston UniversityBirminghamUK School of Medicine Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesKeele UniversityStaffordshireUK School of Life Sciences Keele UniversityStaffordshireUK Department of Neurosurgery Royal Stoke University HospitalStoke-on-TrentUK

The use of live animal models for testing new therapies for brain and spinal cord repair is a controversial area. Live animal models have associated ethical issues and scientific concerns regarding the predictability of human responses. Alternative models that replicate the 3 D architecture of the central nervous system have prompted the development of organotypic neural injury models. However, the lack of reliable means to access normal human neural tissue has driven reliance on pathological or post-mortem tissue which limits their biological utility. We have established a protocol to use donor cerebellar tonsillar tissue surgically resected from patients with Chiari malformation(cerebellar herniation towards the foramen magnum, with ectopic rather than diseased tissue) to develop an in vitro organotypic model of traumatic brain injury. Viable tissue was maintained for approximately 2 weeks with all the major neural cell types detected. Traumatic injuries could be introduced into the slices with some cardinal features of post-injury pathology evident. Biomaterial placement was also feasible within the in vitro lesions. Accordingly, this ‘proof-of-concept’ study demonstrates that the model offers potential as an alternative to the use of animal tissue for preclinical testing in neural tissue engineering. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration that donor tissue from patients with Chiari malformation can be used to develop a benchtop model of traumatic brain injury. However, significant challenges in relation to the clinical availability of tissue were encountered, and we discuss logistical issues that must be considered for model scale-up.

关键词： biomaterial Chiari malformation cerebellar slice human tissue injury model neuroregeneration organotypic traumatic brain injury

Economic cost analysis of malaria case management at the household level during the malaria elimination phase in The People’s Republic of China

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2016年第1期5卷 424-431页

作者： Shang Xia Jin-Xiang Ma Duo-Quan Wang Shi-Zhu Li david Rollinson Shui-sen Zhou Xiao-Nong Zhou National Institute of Parasitic Diseases Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionShanghai 200025People’s Republic of China Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology Ministry of HealthShanghai 200025People’s Republic of China WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases Shanghai 200025People’s Republic of China Department of Applied Statistics School of Public HealthGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou 510182China Life Sciences Department The Natural History MuseumCromwell RoadLondon SW75BDUK

Background:In China,malaria has been posing a significant economic burden on *** evaluate malaria economic burden in terms of both direct and indirect costs has its meaning in improving the effectiveness of malaria elimination program in ***:A number of study sites(eight counties in five provinces)were selected from the malaria endemic area in China,representing the different levels of malaria incidence,risk classification,economic development.A number of households with malaria cases(n=923)were surveyed during the May to December in 2012 to collect information on malaria economic *** statistics were used to characterize the basic profiles of selected malaria cases in terms of their gender,age group,occupation and malaria *** malaria economic costs were evaluated by direct and indirect *** were carried out by using the chi-square test(or Z-test)and the Mann-Whitney U test among malaria cases with reference to local/imported malaria patients,hospitalized/out patients,and treatment ***:The average cost of malaria per case was 1691.23 CNY(direct cost was 735.41 CNY and indirect cost was 955.82 CNY),which accounted for 11.1%of a household’s total *** average costs per case for local and imported malaria were 1087.58 CNY and 4271.93 CNY,*** average cost of a malaria patient being diagnosed and treated in a hospital at the county level or above(3975.43 CNY)was 4.23 times higher than that of malaria patient being diagnosed and treated at a village or township hospital(938.80 CNY).Conclusion:This study found that malaria has been posing a significant economic burden on households in terms of direct and indirect *** is a need to improve the effectiveness of interventions in order to reduce the impact costs of malaria,especially of imported infections,in order to eliminate the disease in China.

关键词： Malaria Economic cost analysis Direct costs Indirect costs Health facilities China

High-resolution spectral video acquisition

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Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2017年第9期18卷 1250-1260页

作者： Lin-sen CHEN Tao YUE Xun CAO Zhan MA david J. BRADY School of Electronic Science and Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China Department of Electrical &5 Computer Engineering Duke University Durham NC27708 USA

Compared with conventional cameras, spectral imagers provide many more features in the spectral do- main. They have been used in various fields such as material identification, remote sensing, precision agriculture, and surveillance. Traditional imaging spectrometers use generally scanning systems. They cannot meet the demands of dynamic scenarios. This limits the practical applications for spectral imaging. Recently, with the rapid development in computational photography theory and semiconductor techniques, spectral video acquisition has become feasible. This paper aims to offer a review of the state-of-the-art spectral imaging technologies, especially those capable of capturing spectral videos. Finally, we evaluate the performances of the existing spectral acquisition systems and discuss the trends for future work.

关键词： Multispectral/hyperspectral video acquisition Snapshot Under-sampling and reconstruction

Electricity Derived from Plants

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Journal of Energy and Power Engineering 2017年第9期11卷 614-619页

作者： Mohammad Islam Douglas Janssen david Chao Jerry Gu david Eisen Fow-sen Choa Department of CSEE University of Maryland Baltimore County Baltimor 21250 Maryland USA Greater Grace Christian Academy 6063 Moravia Park Drive Baltimore 21206 Maryland USA Department of Biological Science National Sun Yat-Sun University Kao-shiun Taiwan ROC

The phenomenon of electrical potential differences along the plant apoplast has been reported for more than a century. Earlier works of harvesting energy from trees reported nW range of power with a few hundred-mV open circuit voltage and near uA range short circuit current. In this work, we show that if we cut a stem into pieces, each segment would maintain nearly the same open circuit voltage and short circuit current regardless of length. Using a pico-ampere meter, we also found that the living cells in the vascular cambial and secondary xylem and phloem tissues are the source of electricity. They provide a relatively constant voltage and current to external environment for reasons still under investigation. We demonstrate that by cascading separated stems we can accumulate up to 2 V of open circuit voltage. We also demonstrate by connecting them in parallel we can increase the short circuit current.

关键词： Plants cell electricity electrophysiology ion gates parallel circuits.

Bridging the knowledge gap on the evolution of the Asian monsoon during 26–16 Ma

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The Innovation 2021年第2期2卷 23-28页

作者： Gan Xie Jin-Feng Li Shi-Qi Wang Yi-Feng Yao Bin Sun david K.Ferguson Cheng-sen Li Tao Deng Xiao-Dong Liu Yu-Fei Wang State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100093China Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100044China State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology Institute of Earth EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXi’an 710075China Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Department of Paleontology University of Vienna1090 ViennaAustria University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

The evolution of the Asian monsoon from the Late Oligocene to the Early Miocene is poorly ***,we first reconstruct the precipitation data of central Tibet during 26–16 million years ago(Ma),applying the coexistence approach to sedimentary pollen data,and detect an intensified Asian monsoon with1.35 Ma and0.33 Ma *** modeling is used to show the importance of paleogeographic location in the development of the *** addition,the results of spectral analysis suggest that the fluctuations in the Asian monsoon during 26–16 Ma can be attributed to the long-period cyclicities in obliquity(1.2 Ma).These findings provide climate data that can be used to understand the Asian monsoon evolution during the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene and highlight the effects of paleogeographic patterns and long-period orbital forcings on the tectonic-scale evolution of the Asian monsoon.

关键词： central Tibetan Plateau Lunpola Basin precipitation Asian monsoon Oligocene to Miocene climate change

A comparative study of biopolymers and alum in the separation and recovery of pulp fibres from paper mill effluent by flocculation

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2014年第9期26卷 1851-1860页

作者： Sumona Mukherjee Soumyadeep Mukhopadhyay Agamuthu Pariatamby Mohd. Ali Hashim Jaya Narayan Sahu Bhaskar sen Gupta Institute of Biological Sciences University of Malaya50603 Kuala LumpurMalaysia Department of Chemical Engineering University of Malaya50603 Kuala LumpurMalaysia Department of Petroleum and Chemical Engineering Faculty of EngineeringInstitute Teknologi BruneiTungku GadongBrunei Darussalam School of Planning Architecture and Civil EngineeringQueen's University BelfastDavid Keir BuildingBelfast BT9 5AGUK

Recovery of cellulose fibres from paper mill effluent has been studied using common polysacchatides or biopolymers such as Guar gum, Xanthan gum and Locust bean gum as flocculent. Guar gum is commonly used in sizing paper and routinely used in paper making. The results have been compared with the performance of alum, which is a common coagulant and a key ingredient of the paper industry. Guar gum recovered about 3.86 mg/L of fibre and was most effective among the biopolyrners. Settling velocity distribution curves demonstrated that Guar gum was able to settle the fibres faster than the other biopolymers; however, alum displayed the highest particle removal rate than all the biopolymers at any of the settling velocities. Alum, Guar gum, Xanthan gum and Locust bean gum removed 97.46%, 94.68%, 92.39% and 92.46% turbidity of raw effluent at a settling velocity of 0.5 cm/min, respectively. The conditions for obtaining the lowest sludge volume index such as pH, dose and mixing speed were optimised for guar gum which was the most effective among the biopolymers. Response surface methodology was used to design all experiments, and an optimum operational setting was proposed. The test results indicate similar performance of alum and Guar gum in terms of fioc settling velocities and sludge volume index. Since Guar gum is a plant derived natural substance, it is environmentally benign and offers a green treatment option to the paper mills for pulp recycling.

关键词： BiopolymerRecovery of fibresGuar gumFlocculationPaper industry

Functional origins of the vertebrate cerebellum from a sensory processing antecedent

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Current Zoology 2010年第3期56卷 277-284页

作者： John MONTGOMERY david BODZNICK Leigh Marine Laboratory and School of Biological Sciences University of Auckland Department of Biology Wesleyan University

The structure of the cerebellar cortex is remarkably similar across vertebrate phylogeny. It is well developed in basaljawed fishes, such as sharks and rays with many of the same cell types and organizational features found in other vertebrategroups, including mammals. In particular, the lattice-like organization of cerebellar cortex (with a molecular layer of parallel fibres,interneurons, spiny Purkinje cell dendrites, and climbing fires) is a common defining characteristic. In addition to the cerebellarcortex, fishes and aquatic amphibians have a variety of cerebellum-like structures in the dorso-lateral wall of the *** structures are adjacent to, and in part, contiguous with, the cerebellum. They derive their cerebellum-like name from thepresence of a molecular layer of parallel fibers and inhibitory interneurons, which has striking organizational similarities to themolecular layer of the cerebellar cortex. However, these structures also have characteristics which differ from the cerebellum. Forexample, cerebellum-like structures do not have climbing fibres, and they are clearly sensory. They receive direct afferent inputfrom peripheral sensory receptors and relay their outputs to midbrain sensory areas. As a consequence of this close sensory association,and the ability to characterise their signal processing in a behaviourally relevant context, good progress has been made indetermining the fundamental processing algorithm in cerebellar-like structures. In particular, we have come to understand thecontribution to signal processing made by the molecular layer, which provides an adaptive filter to cancel self-generated noise inelectrosensory and lateral line systems. Given the fundamental similarities of the molecular layer across these structures, coupledwith evidence that cerebellum-like structures may have been the evolutionary antecedent of the cerebellum, we address the question:do both share the same functional algorithm? [Current Zoology 56 (3):

关键词： Origin Vertebrate Cerebellum