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Population survey and conservation assessment of the globally threa- tened cheer pheasant （Catreus wallicht） in Jhelum Valley, Azad Kas- hmir, Pakistan

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Zoological Research 2014年第4期35卷 338-345页

作者： Muhammad Naeem AWAN Hassan ALI david charles lee WWF Pakistan Regional Office Azad Kashmir Muzaffarabad Pakistan WWF Pakistan Feroze Pur Road Lahore Pakistan School of Applied Sciences the University of South Wales Pontypridd UK

The cheer pheasant Catreus wallichi is a globally threatened species that inhabits the western Himalayas. Though it is well established that the species is threatened and its numbers declining, updated definitive estimates are lacking, so in 2011, we conducted a survey to assess the density, population size, and threats to the species in Jhelum valley, Azad Kashmir, which holds the largest known population of cheer pheasants in Pakistan. We conducted dawn call count surveys at 17 points clustered in three survey zones of the valley, 11 of which had earlier been used for a 2002-2003 survey of the birds. Over the course of our survey, 113 birds were recorded. Mean density of cheer pheasant in the valley was estimated at 11.8±6.47 pairs per km2, with significant differences in terms of both counts and estimated density of cheer were significantly different across the three survey zones, with the highest in the Chinari region and the lowest, that is the area with no recorded sightings of the pheasants, in Gari Doppata. The total breeding population of cheer pheasants is estimated to be some 2 490 pairs, though this does not consider the actual area of occupancy in the study area. On the whole, more cheer pheasants were recorded in this survey than from the same points in 2002-2003, indicating some success in population growth. Unfortunately, increasing human settlement, fires, livestock grazing, hunting, and the collection of non-timber forest products continue to threaten the population of cheer in the Jhelum valley. To mitigate these potential impacts, some degree of site protection should be required for the conservation of cheer pheasants in Pakistan, and more effective monitoring of the species is clearly needed.

关键词： Abundance Habitat analysis Cheer Pheasant Jhelum valley Pakistan

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Population assessment and habitat associations of the Visayan Hornbill(Penelopides panini)in Northwest Panay,Philippines

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Avian Research 2021年第4期12卷 612-622页

作者： Holly Isabelle Mynott david charles lee Rhea Aranas Santillan Christian Jürgen Schwarz Benjamin Tacud Arcel Dryden Fernandez Daphne Kerhoas Bristol Zoological Society Bristol Zoo GardensCollege RoadCliftonBristol BS83HAUK School of Applied Sciences University of South WalesAlfred Russel Wallace BuildingUpper Glyntaff CampusPontypridd CF374BBUK PhilinCon L.A.Dioso Memorial Public LibraryIloilo-Antique Road5712 PandanPhilippines PhilinCon Germany Ruhr-Universität BochumUniversitätsstraße 150ND 1/3144801 BochumGermany

Background:Seven out of ten hornbill species in the Philippines are threatened with *** these is the endangered Visayan Hornbill(Penelopides panini),found on the islands of Panay and *** by habitat loss and hunting,its population size is thought to have declined from 1800 individuals 20 years ago to less than ***,a recent study on Negros estimated 3564 individuals across three core forest *** study aims to quantify the Visayan Hornbill population size in and around the Northwest Panay Peninsula Natural Park(NWPPNP)on Panay,the largest contiguous low-elevation forest landscape remaining across its range,and its broad habitat associations across a gradient of environmental ***:Hornbills were surveyed using 10-min distance sampling point counts(n=367)along transects(average length 1.1 km).Environmental variables were recorded along transects,while habitat was classified into primary forest,secondary forest,plantation,or open *** software was used to estimate population densities stratified by habitat,with the overall population estimate taken as a mean of habitat density estimates weighted by habitat *** generalized linear mixed models,hornbill occurrence was modelled using combinations of nine environmental variables as main and two-way fixed ***:Surveys covered 204.4 km^(2) of the 374.8 km^(2) Northwest Panay *** were not recorded in plantations or open *** density was significantly higher in primary forest(17.8 individuals/km~2±26.9%CV)than in secondary forest(3.7 individuals/km^(2)±33.2%CV;z=15.212,P<0.001).The overall population estimate for the NWPPNP and environs is 2109 individuals,and 2673 individuals for the entire Northwest Panay *** presence was best explained by a model including distance from the Park boundary alongside five interaction effects and transect as a random ***,and the interaction between distance

关键词： Distance sampling Endangered species GLMM Hornbill Point count Population size Protected area

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Two types of auditory glutamatergic synapses and their implications for repairing damaged central auditory pathways

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Neural Regeneration Research 2014年第10期9卷 1000-1002页

作者： charles C.lee Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences School of Veterinary MedicineLouisiana State University

For the mammalian brain to process and decipher the rich panoply of sounds that abound in the world, nature has evolved an elegant collection of neural circuits dedicated to this task. Indeed, the complexity, variety and number of neural pathways devoted to computing auditory information is unique among sensory modalities （Kaas, 2008）. After the initial sensorineural encoding of sound at the level of the cochlea, auditory information is processed in several lower brainstem centers and eventually converges in the midbrain, at the level of the inferior colliculus （Wenstrup, 2005）, Subsequently, auditory information is transferred through the thalamus, the medial geniculate body, and then the auditory cortex （Winer et al., 2005; Razak and Fuzessery, 2010; Hackett, 2011; lee and Sherman, 2011; lee and Winer, 2011;

关键词： Two types of auditory glutamatergic synapses and their implications for repairing damaged central auditory pathways body Figure

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Measuring,processing,and generating partially coherent light with self-configuring optics

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第11期13卷 2726-2733页

作者： charles Roques-Carmes Shanhui Fan david A.B.Miller 1E.L.Ginzton Laboratory Stanford University348 Via PuebloStanfordCA 94305USA

Optical phenomena always display some degree of partial coherence between their respective degrees of *** coherence is of particular interest in multimodal systems,where classical and quantum correlations between spatial,polarization,and spectral degrees of freedom can lead to fascinating phenomena(e.g.,entanglement)and be leveraged for advanced imaging and sensing modalities(e.g.,in hyperspectral,polarization,and ghost imaging).Here,we present a universal method to analyze,process,and generate spatially partially coherent light in multimode systems by using self-configuring optical *** method relies on cascaded self-configuring layers whose average power outputs are sequentially *** optimized,the network separates the input light into its mutually incoherent components,which is formally equivalent to a diagonalization of the input density *** illustrate our method with numerical simulations of Mach-Zehnder interferometer arrays and show how this method can be used to perform partially coherent environmental light sensing,generation of multimode partially coherent light with arbitrary coherency matrices,and unscrambling of quantum optical *** provide guidelines for the experimental realization of this method,including the influence of losses,paving the way for self-configuring photonic devices that can automatically learn optimal modal representations of partially coherent light fields.

关键词： coherent modal generating

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The skeleton gets a （reproductive） life

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2011年第5期13卷 651-652页

作者： charles M Allan david l Handelsman ANZAC Research Institute Concord Hospital Universityof Sydney Sydney NSW 2139 Australia

To most well-informed scientists who do not work on bone, the idea that bones determine anything other than your posture and location for the miseries of arthritis would come as quite a surprise. It would be like imagining that the walls of our home played something more than a passive role in the complexities of the lives conducted within. Yet something precisely as radical as that is what Karsenty and his colleagues boldly imagined,1 and then provocatively established in a series of studies over the past decade.20steocalcin （OCN） is a vitamin K- dependent peptide hormone secreted by the bone-formine osteoblasts.

关键词： reproductive david J Handelsman

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Scalable fabrication of sub-10 nm polymernanopores for DNA analysis

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2019年第1期5卷 532-541页

作者： Junseo Choi charles C.lee Sunggook Park Department of Mechanical&Industrial Engineering and Center for BioModular Multiscale Systems for Precision Medicine Louisiana State UniversityBaton RougeLA 70803USA Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences School of Veterinary MedicineLouisiana State UniversityBaton RougeLA 70803USA

We present the first fabrication of sub-10 nm nanopores in freestanding polymer membranes via a simple,costeffective,high-throughput but deterministic fabrication *** in the range of 10 nm were initially produced via a single-step nanoimprinting process,which was further reduced to sub-10 nm pores via a post-NIL polymer reflow *** low shrinkage rate of 2.7 nm/min obtained under the conditions used for the reflow process was the key to achieving sub-10 nm pores with a controllable pore *** fabricated SU-8 nanopore membranes were successfully employed for transient current measurements during the translocation of DNA molecules through the nanopores.

关键词： process. polymer pores

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A shifting adversary:control of pancreatic cancer transcriptomic subtypes

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Journal of Cancer Metastasis and Treatment 2022年第1期8卷 253-264页

作者： charles J.david Department of Basic Medicine Tsinghua University School of MedicineBeijing 100084China

Cellular plasticity,the dynamic ability of cells to adopt distinct transcriptional states,plays a well-known role in the pancreas during the initiation of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDA),the most common form of pancreatic *** is now becoming clear that plasticity also plays an important role after the emergence of *** is composed of two major transcriptional subtypes,classical and basal-like,with important biological *** work has indicated that individual tumors can be comprised of cells of each subtype,and that tumor subtype can change during the evolution of a *** suggests that PDA cells can transit between transcriptional states,with important implications for disease *** review discusses what is currently known about inter-subtype plasticity and how this process is controlled.

关键词： Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma transcriptional subtypes classical basal-like squamous quasi-mesenchymal cellular plasticity transcription factors tumor microenvironment

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Coordinated Control Architecture for Motion Management in ADAS Systems

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2018年第2期5卷 432-444页

作者： Tzu-Chi Lin Siyuan Ji charles E. Dickerson david Battersby the wolfson school of mechanical electrical and manufacturing engineeringloughborough universityLoughhoroughLE11 3TUUK jaguar land rover GaydonCV35 0RRUK ieee

Advanced driver assistance systems(ADAS) seek to provide drivers and passengers of automotive vehicles increased safety and comfort. Original equipment manufacturers are integrating and developing systems for distance keeping, lane keeping and changing and other functionalities. The modern automobile is a complex system of systems. How the functionalities of advanced driver assistance are implemented and coordinated across the systems of the vehicle is generally not made available to the wider research community by the developers and manufactures. This paper seeks to begin filling this gap by assembling open source physics models of the vehicle dynamics and ADAS command models. Additionally, in order to facilitate ADAS development and testing without having access to the details of ADAS, a coordinated control architecture for motion management is also proposed for distributing ADAS motion control commands over vehicle systems. The architecture is demonstrated in a case study where motion is coordinated between the steering and the braking systems, which are typically used only for a single functionality. The integrated vehicle and system dynamics using the coordinated control architecture are simulated for various driving tasks. It is seen that improved trajectory following can be achieved by the proposed coordinated control architecture. The models, simulations and control architecture are made available for open access.

关键词： Index Terms-Coordinated system feed-forward and feedbackcontrol integration control modeling and simulation tire mod-eling vehicle modeling vehicle dynamics control.

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Impact of exergaming on young children's school day energy expenditure and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity levels

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2017年第1期6卷 11-16页

作者： Zan Gao Zachary Pope Jung Eun lee david Stodden Nida Roncesvalles Denis Pasco charles C.Huang Du Feng School of Kinesiology The University of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN 55455USA Department of Applied Human Science The University of MinnesotaDuluthMN 55812USA Department of Physical Education and Athletic Training University of South CarolinaColumbiaSC 29201USA Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management Texas Tech UniversityLubbockTX 79409USA School of Education The University of Bourgogne Franche-ComtéBesançon 25000France School or Exercise and Sports Science Wayland Baptist UniversityPlainviewTX 79072USA School of Nursing University of NevadaLas VegasNV 89154USA

Background: Although emerging research is demonstrating the potential health impact of exergaming,investigations have primarily been conducted in laboratory settings among small samples with short-term *** on the effectiveness of exergaming in underserved children's objective physical activity(PA) in population-based settings is also ***,most empirical studies have only included 1 type of exergame in the ***,this study's purpose was to investigate the long-term impact of a multigame exergaming intervention among underserved children integrated within school ***,this study examined the effect of exergaming on children's accelerometer-determined sedentary behavior(SB),light PA,moderate-to-vigorous PA(MVPA),and energy expenditure(EE) over 2 years as compared with regular physical education(PE) ***: A total of 261 second-and third-grade children(134 girls,127 boys; mean age 8.27 years) were recruited from 2 Texas elementary ***'s pre-test 3-day SB,light PA,MVPA,and EE at school were assessed in the fall of *** were assigned to 1 of 2groups:(1) exergaming/PE group(125 min weekly of exergaming-based PA program) and (2) comparison group(125 min weekly of PE).PA(SB,light PA,and MVPA) and EE outcome variables were assessed again in 2013(post-test) and 2014(follow-up).Results: Significant time effects were observed for SB(F(1,162)=25.0,p0.05,η~2= 0.004).Subsequent pairwise comparisons revealed significant increases from pre-to post-test for light PA(p0.05).Conversely,significant decreases occurred in light PA(p<0.01) from post-test to follow-up with no differences seen in MVPA(p=0.08) and EE(p=0.06) over the same time period.A significant increase was seen,however,for SB from post-te

关键词： Active video games Childhood obesity Light physical activity Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity Physical education Sedentary behavior

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Periodic Tail Motion Linked to Wing Motion Affects the Longitudinal Stability of Ornithopter Flight

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2012年第1期9卷 18-28页

作者： Jun-seong lee Joong-kwan Kim Jae-hung Han charles P. Ellington Department of Aerospace Engineering KAIST Daejeon 305701 South Korea Department of Zoology University of Cambridge Downing Street Cambridge CB2 3EJ UK

During slow level flight of a pigeon, a caudal muscle involved in tail movement, the levator caudae pars vertebralis, is activated at a particular phase with the pectoralis wing muscle. Inspired by mechanisms for the control of stability in flying animals, especially the role of the tail in avian flight, we investigated how periodic tail motion linked to motion of the wings affects the longitudinal stability of ornithopter flight. This was achieved by using an integrative ornithopter flight simulator that included aeroelastic behaviour of the flexible wings and tail. Trim flight trajectories of the simulated omithopter model were calculated by time integration of the nonlinear equations of a flexible multi-body dynamics coupled with a semi-empirical flapping-wing and tail aerodynamic models. The unique trim flight characteristics of ornithopter, Limit-Cycle Oscillation, were found under the sets of wingbeat frequency and tail elevation angle, and the appropriate phase angle of tail motion was determined by parameter studies minimizing the amplitude of the oscillations. The numerical simulation results show that tail actuation synchronized with wing motion suppresses the oscillation of body pitch angle over a wide range of wingbeat frequencies.

关键词： omithopter flapping flight periodic tail motion longitudinal flight stability aeroelasticity

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