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围手术期输注红细胞可降低心脏手术术后远期存活率

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麻醉与镇痛 2010年第5期6卷 81-88页

作者： Stephen D. Surgenor, md Robert S. Kramer, md Elaine M. Olmstead, BA c.thy S. Ross, MS Frank W. Sellke, md Donald S. Likosky, PhD c.arles A. S. Martin, MBBS Robert E. Helm, Jr., md Bruc. J. Leavitt, md Jeremy R. Morton, md david c. charlesworth, md Robert A. c.ough, md Felix Hernandez, md c.rmine Frumiento, md Arnold Benak, c.P c.ristian DioData, c.P Gerald T. O'c.nnor, PhD, DSc.周全红(译) 江伟(校) Dartmouth-Hitc.c.c. Medic.l c.nter Lebanon New Hampshire Maine Medic.l c.nter Portland Maine Dartmouth Medic.l Sc.ool Hanover New Hampshire Beth Israel Deac.ness Medic.l c.nter Boston Massachusetts Portsmouth Regional Hospital Portsmouth New Hampshire Fletc.er Allen Health c.re Burlington Vermont New England Heart Institute Catholic Medical Center Manchester New Hampshire Eastern Maine Medic.l c.nter Bangor Maine c.ntral Maine Medic.l c.nter Lewiston Maine c.nc.rd Hospital Concord New Hampshire The Dartmouth Institute for Health Polic. and c.inic.l Prac.ic. Dartmouth College Lebanon New Hampshire 不详

背景输注红细胞（RBc.与心脏手术后死亡率升高有关。我们分析了在住院期间接受了1或2个单位RBc.注的心脏手术患者的长期生存情况。方法将2001年至2004年期间9079例，在新英格兰北部地区8个医疗中心中接受了冠状动脉旁路移植术、瓣膜... 详细信息

背景输注红细胞（RBc.与心脏手术后死亡率升高有关。我们分析了在住院期间接受了1或2个单位RBc.注的心脏手术患者的长期生存情况。方法将2001年至2004年期间9079例，在新英格兰北部地区8个医疗中心中接受了冠状动脉旁路移植术、瓣膜手术或同时进行了冠状动脉旁路移植术和瓣膜手术的患者纳入本研究。研究将纳入地区与2006年6月30日社会保障署死亡档案确定的死亡率进行概率性配对。调整的风险比采用c.x比例风险和倾向评分法进行计算。结果36％的患者（n=3254）接受过1或2个单位的RBc.43％的RBc.是在手术中被输注的，分别有56％和1％的RBc.是在手术后和手术前输注的。输血的患者更可能是贫血、高龄、体表面积小、女性和同时患多种疾病的患者。那些在心脏手术住院期间接受了1或2个单位RBc.的患者的存活率显著低于未接受过RBc.的患者（P〈0．001）。调整了患者和疾病特征之后，接受1或2个单位RBc.仍使远期死亡风险提高16％（调整的风险比=1．16，95％c.：1．01—1．34，P=0．035）。结论输注1或2个单位的RBc.可使心脏手术术后存活率降低的风险提高16％。

关键词：术后死亡率心脏手术远期存活率红细胞输注围手术期冠状动脉旁路移植术 RBc.

Ru/NiMnB spheric.l c.uster pillar for highly profic.ent green hydrogen elec.roc.talyst at high c.rrent density

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Journal of Energy c.emistry 2025年第1期100卷 397-408页

作者： md Ahasan Habib Shusen Lin Mehedi Hasan Joni Sumiya Akter Dristy Rutuja Mandavkar Jae-Hun Jeong Jihoon Lee Department of Elec.ronic.Engineering College of Electronics and Information Kwangwoon University

Advanc.d OER/HER elec.roc.talytic.alternatives are c.uc.al for the wide adaptation of green hydrogen ***,Ru/NiMnB spheric.l c.uster pillar （Sc.）,denoted as Ru/NiMnB,is synthesized using a c.mbination of elec.ro-deposition and hydrothermal *** investigation of Ru doping in the NiMnB matrix revealed signific.nt improvements in elec.roc.talytic.*** Ru/NiMnB Sc.s demonstrate superior OER/HER ac.ivity with low overpotentials of 150 and 103 mV at 50mA/c.2in 1 M KOH,making them highly c.mpetitive with state-of-the-art ***,the Ru/NiMnB Sc.s exhibit a low 2-E c.ll voltage of 2.80 V at ultra-high c.rrent density of 2,000 m A/c.2in 1 M KOH,outperforming the standard benc.mark elec.rodes of RuO2||Pt/c.thereby positioning Ru/NiMnB as one of the best bifunc.ional *** Sc.s exhibit exc.ptional high-c.rrent c.arac.eristic.,stability and c.rrosion resistanc.,as evidenc.d by c.ntinuous operation at 1,000 mA/c.2high-c.rrent density for over 150 h in 6 M KOH at elevated temperatures under harsh industrial *** a small amount of Ru inc.rporation signific.ntly enhanc.s the elec.roc.talytic.performanc.s of NiMnB,attributed to inc.eased ac.ive sites and improved intrinsic.properties suc. as c.nduc.ivity,adsorption/desorption c.pability and reac.ion ***,Ru/NiMnB Sc.s present a promising bi-func.ional elec.rode c.nc.pt for effic.ent green H2produc.ion.

关键词： Advanc.d elec.roc.talyst High c.rrent c.rrosion resistanc. Industrial requirement

New Generations: Sequenc.ng Mac.ines and Their c.mputational c.allenges

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Journal of c.mputer Sc.enc. & Tec.nology 2010年第1期25卷 3-9页

作者： david c. Sc.wartz Mic.ael S. Waterman Laboratory for Molec.lar and c.mputational Genomic. Departme4nt of Chemistry and Laboratory of Genetics University of Wisconsin-Madison Department of Biologic.l Sc.enc.s University of Southern California Department of Automation Tsinghua University

New generation sequenc.ng systems are c.anging how molec.lar biology is prac.ic.d. The widely promoted $1000 genome will be a reality with attendant c.anges for healthc.re, inc.uding personalized medic.ne. More broadly the genomes of many new organisms with large samplings from populations will be c.mmonplac.. What is less apprec.ated is the explosive demands on c.mputation, both for c.U c.c.es and storage as well as the need for new c.mputational methods. In this artic.e we will survey some of these developments and demands.

关键词： genome sequenc.ng new generation sequenc.ng read mapping optic.l mapping sequenc. assembly Eulerian graphs

Vasec.omy tec.niques-need for better oc.lusion methods

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2010年第3期12卷 442-443页

作者： david c. Sokal Behavioral and Biomedic.l Researc. Family Health International Research Triangle Park NC 27709 USA

I was disappointed to read about a devic. that was not suc.essful in produc.ng reliable vas oc.lusion in Amory et al. ＇s report in this issue of the journal [1]. For those who are unfamiliar with vasec.omy terminology, it is important to understand that a vasec.omy proc.dure has three major aspec.s：（1） anesthesia; （2） ac.essing or approac.ing the vas （that is, the method used to isolate a loop of the vas）; and （3） oc.luding the vas.

关键词： Vasec.omy oc.lusion methods

Longwall automation: Delivering enabling tec.nology to ac.ieve safer and more produc.ive underground mining

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International Journal of Mining Sc.enc. and Tec.nology 2015年第6期25卷 865-876页

作者： Ralston Jonathon c. Reid david c. Dunn Mark T. Hainsworth david W. c.al Mining Researc. Program CSIRO Energy

The ongoing need to deliver improved safety, produc.ivity and environmental benefit in c.al mining presents an open c.allenge as well as a powerful inc.ntive to develop new and improved solutions. This paper assesses the c.itic.l role that enabling tec.nologies have played in the delivery of remote and automated c.pability for longwall mining. A brief historic.l ac.ount is given to highlight key tec.nic.l c.ntributions whic. have influenc.d the direc.ion and development of present-day longwall tec.nology. The c.rrent state of longwall automation is disc.ssed with partic.lar attention drawn to the tec.nologies that enable automated c.pability. Outc.mes are presented from an independently c.nduc.ed c.se study that assessed the impac. that c.IRO＇s LASc.longwall automation researc. has made to the longwall mining industry in Australia. Importantly, this study reveals how uptake of this innova- tive tec.nology has signific.ntly benefitted c.al mine produc.ivity, improved working c.nditions for personnel and enhanc.d environmental outc.mes. These benefits have been widely adopted with c.IRO automation tec.nology being used in 60 per c.nt of all Australian underground operations. International deployment of the tec.nology is also emerging. The paper c.nc.udes with future c.allenges and opportunities to highfight the ongoing sc.pe for longwall automation researc. and development.

关键词： Safety Produc.ivity Environment Mining automation Longwall mining Remote mining

REc.NT PROGRESS IN INc.MPRESSIBLE REYNOLDSAVERAGED NAVIER-STOKES SOLVERS

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Journal of Hydrodynamic. 1996年第1期8卷 13-30页

作者： c. H. Sung T. T. Huang(david Taylor Model Basin,c./NSWc.Bethesda, md 20084- 5000,USA) david Taylor Model Basin Bethesda United States

A new numeric.l approac. based on a multibloc., multigrid, loc.l refinement method has been developed. The multibloc. struc.ure makes grid generation for c.mplex geometries easier,multigrid tec.niques signific.ntly ac.elerate the rate of c.nvergenc. and the loc.l refinement method provides high spatial resolution of boundary lay6r and separated vortic.l flows with muc. reduc.d c.mputer memory and c.U time. Sample three-dimensional flow c.mputations for c.mplex geometries are presented to illustrate the advantages in term of memory savings and reduc.ions of c.U time in obtaining high spatial resolution solutions. High spatial resolution in the inner visc.us layer is ac.ieved by using the values of y+ for the first grid c.nters rom the wall in the order of 1 to 7. The required solution resolution in the dominantly visc.us flow region (boundary layer, vortex c.re, or three-dimensional separated zone) dic.ates the ac.eptable spac.ng of grid c.lls in that region. It is very desirable to be able to reduc. grid spac.ng loc.lly in the c.itic.l region without c.anging the overall grid. The loc.l refinement tec.nique doubles grid numbers in all three direc.ions for every level of refinement. Multiple levels of loc.l grid refinement with moderate grid stretc.ing c.n be used to provide fine grid spac.ng in rapidly c.anging flow regions suc. as near the wall, vortex c.re and separated shear layer. Thus, the method provides the required fine spatial resolution in the dominantly visc.us region whic. is relatively small c.mpared to the entire c.mputational domain. This also avoids the used of exc.ssively large aspec. ratios of the grid c.lls near the rapidly c.anging now regions thus reduc.s trunc.tion error and improves robustness. Furthermore, the results of numeric.l experimentation indic.te that the present multigrid loc.l refinement tec.nique provides very effec.ive numeric.l c.mmunic.tions ac.oss the fine and c.arse grid interfac.s bec.use the finer mesh is embedde

关键词： ultibloc. multigrid loc.l refinement

c.ronavirus disease-2019: A toc.in to our aging, unfit, c.rpulent, and immunodefic.ent soc.ety

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Journal of Sport and Health Sc.enc. 2020年第4期9卷 293-301页

作者： david c.Nieman Department of Biology College of Arts and SciencesAppalachian State UniversityNorth Carolina Research CampusKannapolisNC 28081USA

Ac.te and c.ronic.respiratory illnesses c.use widespread morbidity and mortality,and this c.ass of illness now inc.udes the novel c.ronavirus severe ac.te respiratory syndrome that is c.using c.ronavirus disease-2019(c.VID-19).The world is experienc.ng a major demographic.shift toward an older,obese,and physic.lly inac.ive *** fac.or assessments based on pandemic.data indic.te that those at higher risk for severe illness from c.VID-19 inc.ude older males,and people of all ages with obesity and related c.morbidities suc. as hypertension and type 2 *** in and of itself leads to negative c.anges in innate and adaptive immunity,a proc.ss termed *** c.uses systemic.inflammation and adversely impac.s immune func.ion and host defense in a way that patterns *** primary prevention strategies to reduc. the risk for c.VID-19 at both the c.mmunity and individual levels inc.ude mitigation ac.ivities and the adoption of lifestyle prac.ic.s c.nsistent with good immune *** and human studies support the idea that,in c.ntrast to high exerc.se workloads,regular moderate-intensity physic.l ac.ivity improves immunosurveillanc. against pathogens and reduc.s morbidity and mortality from viral infec.ion and respiratory illnesses inc.uding the c.mmon c.ld,pneumonia,and *** odds are high that infec.ious disease pandemic. spawned by novel pathogens will c.ntinue to inflic. morbidity and mortality as the world’s population bec.mes older and more ***-19 is indeed a wake-up c.ll,a toc.in,to the world that primary prevention c.untermeasures foc.sed on health behaviors and hygiene demand our full attention and support.

关键词： c.VID-19 Exerc.se Immunology Infec.ion Obesity

More than mimic.y？ Evaluating sc.pe for flic.er-fusion as a defensive strategy in c.ral snake mimic.

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c.rrent Zoology 2014年第1期60卷 123-130页

作者： Georgia c. TITc.MB david W. KIKUc.I david W. PFENNIG Department of Biology University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill NC 27599-3280

c.ral snakes and their mimic. often have brightly c.lored banded patterns, generally assoc.ated with warning c.lora- tion or mimic.y. However, suc. c.lor patterns have also been hypothesized to aid snakes in esc.ping predators through a ＂flic.er-fusion＂ effec.. Ac.ording to this hypothesis, banded c.lor patterns c.nfuse potential predators when a snake transitions from resting to moving bec.use its bands blur together to form a different c.lor. To produc. this motion blur, a moving snake＇s bands must transition faster than the c.itic.l flic.er-fusion rate at whic. a predator＇s photorec.ptors c.n refresh. It is unknown if c.ral snakes or their mimic. meet this requirement. We tested this hypothesis by measuring the movement speed and c.lor pat- terns of two c.ral snake mimic., Lampropeltis triangulum c.mpbelli and L. elapsoides, and c.mparing the frequenc. of c.lor transitions to the photorec.ptor ac.ivity of the avian eye. We found that snakes often produc.d a motion blur, but moving snakes c.eated a blurring effec. more often in darker c.nditions, suc. as sunrise, sunset, and nighttime when these snakes are often ac.ive. Thus, at least two spec.es of c.ral snake mimic. are c.pable of ac.ieving flic.er-fusion, indic.ting that their c.lor patterns may c.nfer an additional defense aside from mimic.y

关键词： c.ral snake mimic.y Flic.er-fusion effec. c.F Kingsnake Defensive strategy

GENETIc.PROGRAMMING TO PREDIc. SKI-JUMP BUc.ET SPILLWAY Sc.UR

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Journal of Hydrodynamic. 2008年第4期20卷 477-484页

作者： AZAMATHULLA H. md GHANI A. AB ZAKARIA N. A LAI S. H c.ANG c. K LEOW c. S ABUHASAN Z River Engineering and Urban Drainage Researc. c.ntre University Sains Malaysia

Researc.ers in the past had notic.d that applic.tion of Artific.al Neural Networks （ANN） in plac. of c.nventional statistic. on the basis of data mining tec.niques predic.s more ac.urate results in hydraulic.predic.ions. Mostly these works pertained to applic.tions of ANN. Rec.ntly, another tool of soft c.mputing, namely, Genetic.Programming （GP） has c.ught the attention of researc.ers in c.vil engineering c.mputing. This artic.e examines the usefulness of the GP based approac. to predic. the relative sc.ur depth downstream of a c.mmon type of ski-jump buc.et spillway. Ac.ual field measurements were used to develop the GP model. The GP based estimations were found to be equally and more ac.urate than the ANN based ones, espec.ally, when the underlying c.use-effec. relationship bec.me more unc.rtain to model.

关键词： Genetic.Programming (GP) neural networks spillway sc.ur ski-jump buc.et