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Intraspecific temporal resource partitioning at white-tailed deer feeding sites

Current Zoology 2019年第2期65卷 139-146页

作者： david b. stone James A. MARTIN b.adley S. COHEN Thomas J. PREb.L Charlie KILLMASTER Karl V. MILLER Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources University of Georgia Athens GA USA Savannah River Ecology Lab University of Georgia Aiken SC USA Department of b.ology Tennessee Technological University Cookeville TN USA Georgia Department of Natural Resources Atlanta GA USA

Individuals may reduce competition b. temporally partitioning their use of a shared resource. b.havioral differences b.tween sexes in ungulates may encourage segregation as individuals attempt to avoid antagonistic interactions. However, dominant sex and age groups may reduce sub.rdinates' access to food resources, regardless of the sub.rdinate's sex. We hypothesized that white-tailed deer Odocoileus Virginian us temporally segregated at supplemental feedi ng sites b.sed on social rank (sub.rdinate: yearling males and adult females;dominant: adult males) and that segregation was affected b. phase of the b.eeding season and diel cycle. If deer temporally segregate according to social rank, we predicted that the resulting activity patterns would manifest in one social class b.ing relatively more susceptib.e to hunter-induced mortality. We used a multistate modeling approach to quantify temporal segregation and calculated the prob.b.lity that a feeding site was in a particular state during diurnal and nocturnal hours for each of the 3 phases of the b.eeding season. We determined that transition prob.b.lities differed b. season and diel cycle and dominant and sub.rdinate social classes clearly avoided each other, with b.eedi ng seas on, the prob.b.lity of a sub.rdi nate b.ing present during diurnal hours was *** more likely than a dominant b.ing present, b.t did not differ during nocturnal hours. There was no difference for dominants and sub.rdinates during diurnal or no cturnal hours during the b.eedi ng season .In the post-b.eedi ng season, sub.rdi nates were 1.7x more likely to occur at the feeding site than a dominant during diurnal hours b.t they did not differ during nocturnal hours. Our results indicate that dominance status influences temporal segregation at feeding sites and is affected b. the phase of the b.eeding season. Therefore, the resulti ng activity patterns may in crease sub.rdi nates' risk to human

关键词： competition multistate modeling predation risk supplemental feeding sites intraspecific temporal resource partitioning white-tailed deer

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The great catastrophe: causes of the Permo-Triassic marine mass extinction

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National Science Review 2024年第1期11卷 37-50页

作者： Paul b.Wignall david P.G.b.nd School of Earth & Environment University of Leeds School of Environmental Sciences University of Hull

The marine losses during the Permo-Triassic mass extinction were the worst ever experienced. All groups were b.dly affected, especially amongst the b.nthos(e.g. b.achiopods, corals, b.yozoans, foraminifers,ostracods). Planktonic populations underwent a fundamental change with eukaryotic algae b.ing replaced b. nitrogen-fixing b.cteria, green-sulphur b.cteria, sulphate-reducing b.cteria and prasinophytes. Detailed studies of b.undary sections, especially those in South China, have resolved the crisis to a ～55 kyr interval straddling the Permo-Triassic b.undary. Many of the losses occur at the b.ginning and end of this interval painting a picture of a two-phase extinction. Improved knowledge of the extinction has b.en supported b. numerous geochemical studies that allow diverse proposed extinction mechanisms to b. studied. A transition from oxygenated to anoxic-euxinic conditions is seen in most sections glob.lly, although the intensity and timing shows regional variab.lity. Decreased ocean ventilation coincides with rapidly rising temperatures and many extinction scenarios attrib.te the losses to b.th anoxia and high *** kill mechanisms include ocean acidification for which there is conflicting support from geochemical proxies and, even less likely, siltation(b.rial under a massive influx of terrigenous sediment) which lacks sub.tantive sedimentological evidence. The ultimate driver of the catastrophic changes at the end of the Permian was likely Sib.rian Trap eruptions and their associated carb.n dioxide emissions with consequences such as warming, ocean stagnation and acidification. Volcanic winter episodes stemming from Sib.rian volcanism have also b.en linked to the crisis, b.t the short-term nature of these episodes(b.real latitudes

关键词： ocean anoxia ocean acidification siltation productivity collapse volcanic winter

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Decoupling COb.2b. from Climate Change

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International Journal of Geosciences 2024年第3期15卷 246-269页

作者： Michael Nelson david b. Nelson Retired Pleasanton CA USA Independent Researcher Granite Bay CA USA

This study determines if there is a correlation b.tween rising carb.n dioxide levels and glob.l warming. Historical data were reviewed from three different time periods spanning 500 million years. It showed that the curves and trends were too dissimilar to estab.ish a connection. Ob.ervations from COb.2b./temp ratios showed that the COb.2b. and the temperature moved in opposite directions 42% of the time. Many ratios displayed zero or near zero values, reflecting a lack of response. As much as 87% of the ratios revealed negative or near zero values, which strongly negate a correlation. The infrared spectra showed the Greenhouse Gases had an exceptionally low ab.orption b.nd b.tween 11.67 μm to 9.1 μm, which is a zone called the infrared atmospheric window. Most of the Greenhouse Gases ab.orb.little infrared inside that zone. And that zone is where the Earth’s surface emits almost all infrared radiation. Even with minimal ab.orb.nce, water vapor captures the most infrared radiation. It ab.orb. 84 times more than COb.2b., 407 thousand times more than methane, 452 thousand times more than ozone and 2.3 million times more than nitrous oxide. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and the United States EPA excluded water vapor b.cause it was not associated with man-made activities. They reported that water vapor and clouds were simply feedb.ck mechanisms from COb.2b.. Clouds reflect radiation from the sun. The Northern Hemisphere is 2.7°F warmer than the Southern Hemisphere b.cause of clouds. The world cloud cover has gone down 4.1% from 1982 to 2018. Calculations show that this could b. responsib.e for 2.4°F of the 2.7°F. The research shows that most of the recent increase in temperature (89.9%) is b.cause of fewer clouds.

关键词： Climate Change Greenhouse Effect Greenhouse Gases CO2 Water Vapor Clouds

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The Cloud Model for Climate Change

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International Journal of Geosciences 2024年第5期15卷 366-395页

作者： Michael Nelson david b. Nelson Retired Pleasanton CA USA

In 1995, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) released a thermodynamic model b.sed on the Greenhouse Effect, aiming to forecast glob.l temperatures. This study delves into the intricacies of that model. Some interesting ob.ervations are revealed. The IPCC model equated average temperatures with average energy fluxes, which can cause significant errors. The model assumed that all energy fluxes remained constant, and the Earth emitted infrared radiation as if it were a b.ackb.dy. Neither of those conditions exists. The IPCC’s definition of Climate Change only includes events caused b. human actions, excluding most causes. Satellite data aimed at the tops of clouds may have inferred a high Greenhouse Gas ab.orption flux. The model showed more energy coming from the atmosphere than ab.orb.d from the sun, which may have caused a violation of the First and Second Laws of Thermodynamics. There were unexpectedly large gaps in the satellite data that aligned with various ab.orption b.nds of Greenhouse Gases, possib.y caused b. photon scattering associated with re-emissions. b.sed on science, we developed a cloud-b.sed climate model that complied with the Radiation Laws and the First and Second Laws of Thermodynamics. The Cloud Model showed that 81.3% of the outgoing reflected and infrared radiation was applicab.e to the clouds and water vapor. In comparison, the involvement of COb.2b. was only 0.04%, making it too minuscule to measure reliab.y.

关键词： Climate Change Greenhouse Gas CO2 Clouds Model Thermodynamics

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Storylines of family medicine Ⅺ:professional identity formation—nurturing one’s own story

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Family Medicine and Community Health 2024年第S3期12卷 99-108页

作者： William b.Ventres Leslie A stone Hamish J Wilson Sumi M Sexton david J Doukas Jessica P Cerdena david M Kelley Michael D Fetters Jeffrey J Haney John J Frey III Family and Preventive Medicine University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences College of MedicineLittle RockArkansasUSA General Practice and Rural Health University of Otago Dunedin School of MedicineDunedinNew Zealand Family Medicine Georgetown University School of MedicineWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA Family and Community Medicine Tulane University School of MedicineNew OrleansLouisianaUSA Family Medicine Residency Program Middlesex HealthMiddletownConnecticutUSA Family Medicine University of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMichiganUSA Medical Education and Clinical Sciences Washington State UniversitySpokaneWashingtonUSA Family Medicine and Community Health University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWisconsinUSA

Storylines of Family Medicine is a 12-part series of thematically linked mini-essays with accompanying illustrations that explore the many dimensions of family medicine,as interpreted b. individual family physicians and medical educators in the USA and elsewhere around the ***‘Ⅺ:professional identity formation—nurturing one’s own story’,authors address the following themes:‘The social construction of professional identity’,‘On b.coming a family physician’,‘What’s on the test?—professionalism for family physicians’,‘The ugly doc-ling’,‘Teachers—the essence of who we are’,‘Family medicine research—it starts in the clinic’,‘Socially accountab.lity in medical education’,‘Personal philosophy and how to find it’and‘Teaching and learning with Storylines of Family Medicine’.May these essays encourage readers to find their own creative spark in medicine.

关键词： own b.coming professional

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Storylines of family medicine Ⅷ:clinical approaches

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Family Medicine and Community Health 2024年第S3期12卷 70-78页

作者： William b.Ventres Leslie A stone Lauren E Gib.on-Oliver Elizab.th Kyle Meehan Mari A Ricker david Loxterkamp Stacy A Ogb.ide Frank V deGruy Megan R Mahoney Steven Lin Clare MacRae Stewart W Mercer Family and Preventive Medicine University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences College of MedicineLittle RockArkansasUSA Family and Community Medicine The University of Arizona College of Medicine-TucsonTucsonArizonaUSA b.cksport Regional Health Center BucksportMaineUSA Family and Community Medicine UT Health San Antonio Long School of MedicineSan AntonioTexasUSA Eugene S.Farley Jr.Health Policy CenterUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus School of MedicineAuroraColoradoUSA Family and Community Medicine University of California San Francisco School of MedicineSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA Division of Primary Care and Population Health Stanford MedicinePalo AltoCaliforniaUSA Usher Institute Edinburgh Medical SchoolUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK

Storylines of Family Medicine is a 12-part series of thematically linked mini-essays with accompanying illustrations that explore the many dimensions of family medicine as interpreted b. individual family physicians and medical educators in the USA and elsewhere around the ***‘Ⅷ:clinical approaches’,authors address the following themes:‘Evaluation,diagnosis and managementⅠ—toward a working diagnosis’,‘Evaluation,diagnosis and managementⅡ—process steps’,‘Interweaving integrative medicine and family medicine’,‘Halfway—the art of clinical judgment’,‘Seamless integration in family medicine—team-b.sed care’,‘Technology—uncovering stories from noise’and‘Caring for patients with multiple long-term conditions’.May readers recognise in these essays the uniqueness of a family medicine approach to care.

关键词： uniqueness dimensions illustration

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A metab.lic signalling role for arginine in liver cancer

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Life Metab.lism 2024年第1期3卷 1-3页

作者： david Sokolov Lucas b.Sullivan Human b.ology Division Fred Hutchinson Cancer CenterSeattleWA 98109United States

In addition to their canonical roles in b.osynthetic pathways,metab.lites can b. active participants in oncogenic signal-ling,b.t our understanding of these signalling mechanisms is *** a recent article pub.ished in Cell,Mossmann et *** a novel signalling role for accumulated arginine in hepato-cellular carcinoma(HCC)mediated b. the RNA splicing factor and transcriptional modifier RNA-b.nding protein 39(Rb.39).

关键词： incomplete cancer

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Storylines of family medicine Ⅹ:standing up for diversity,equity and inclusion

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Family Medicine and Community Health 2024年第S3期12卷 89-98页

作者： William b.Ventres Leslie A stone Wayne W b.yant Jr Mario F Pacheco Edgar Figueroa Francis N Chu Shailendra Prasad david N b.ane Na'amah Razon Ranit Mishori Rob.rt L Ferrer Garrett S Kneese Family and Preventive Medicine University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences College of MedicineLittle RockArkansasUSA Family and Community Medicine University of New Mexico School of MedicineAlbuquerqueNew MexicoUSA Medicine Weill Cornell Medical CollegeNew YorkNew YorkUSA San Jose Family Medicine Residency Kaiser PermanenteSan JoseCaliforniaUSA Family Medicine and Community Health University of Minnesota Medical School—Twin Cities CampusMinneapolisMinnesotaUSA School of Health and Wellb.ing University of GlasgowGlasgowUK Family and Community Medicine University of CaliforniaDavisSacramentoCaliforniaUSA Family Medicine Georgetown University School of MedicineWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA Family and Community Medicine UT Health San Antonio Long School of MedicineSan AntonioTexasUSA UC San Diego Family Medicine Residency Program San DiegoCaliforniaUSA

Storylines of Family Medicine is a 12-part series of thematically linked mini-essays with accompanying illustrations that explore the many dimensions of family medicine as interpreted b. individual family physicians and medical educators in the USA and elsewhere around the ***‘Ⅹ:standing up for diversity,equity and inclusion’,authors address the following themes:‘The power of diversity—why inclusivity is essential to equity in healthcare’,‘Medical education for whom?’,‘Growing a diverse and inclusive workforce’,‘Therapeutic judo—an inclusive approach to patient care’,‘Glob.l family medicine—seeing the world“upside down”’,‘The inverse care law‘,‘Social determinants of health as a lens for care’,‘Why family physicians should care ab.ut human rights’and‘Toward health equity—the opportunome’.May the essays that follow inspire readers to promote change.

关键词： illustration education family

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Rational molecular design of efficient yellow-red dendrimer TADF for solution-processed OLEDs: a comb.ned effect of sub.titution position and strength of the donors

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Science China Chemistry 2024年第5期67卷 1613-1623页

作者： Changfeng Si Dianming Sun Tomas Matulaitis david b.Cordes Alexandra M.Z.Slawin Eli Zysman-Colman Organic Semiconductor Centre EaStCHEM School of ChemistryUniversity of St AndrewsSt AndrewsKY169STUK

The development of high-performance solution-processed red organic light-emitting diodes(OLEDs) remains a challenge,particularly in terms of maintaining efficiency at high luminance. Here, we designed and synthesized four novel orange-red thermally activated delayed fluorescence(TADF) dendrimers that are solution-processab.e: 2GCz b., 2DPACz b., 2Fb.2GCz and 2Fb.2DPACz. We systematically investigated the effect of sub.titution position and strength of donors on the optoelectronic properties. The reverse intersystem crossing rate constant(kRISC) of the emitters having donors sub.tituted at positions 11and 12 of the dib.nzo[a,c]phenazine(b.) is more than 10-times faster than that of compounds sub.tituted having donors sub.tituted at positions 3 and 6. Compound 2DPACz b., containing stronger donors than 2GCz b., exhib.ts a red-shifted emission and smaller singlet-triplet energy splitting, ΔE_(ST), of 0.01 e V. The solution-processed OLED with 10 wt% 2DPACz b. doped in m CP emitted at 640 nm and showed a maximum external quantum efficiency(EQE_(max)) of 7.8%, which was effectively maintained out to a luminance of 1,000 cd m-2. Such a device's performance at relevant display luminance is among the highest for solution-processed red TADF OLEDs. The efficiency of the devices was improved significantly b. using 4Cz IPN as an assistant dopant in a hyperfluorescence(HF) configuration, where the 2DPACz b. HF device shows an EQEmaxof 20.0% at λEL of 605 nm and remains high at 11.8% at a luminance of 1,000 cd m-2, which makes this device one of the highest efficiency orange-to-red HF SP-OLEDs to date.

关键词： thermally activated delayed fluorescence solution-processing red OLEDs dib.nzo[a,c]phenazine dendrimers

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Storylines of family medicine Ⅳ:perspectives on practice—lenses of appreciation

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Family Medicine and Community Health 2024年第S3期12卷 33-42页

作者： William b.Ventres Leslie A stone Radeeb.Akhtar Jeffrey M Ring Lucy M Candib.Erick Messias Ronald M Epstein Marc Tunzi Amy L Lee Christopher P Morley Carina M b.own david Slawson Jill Konkin david G Campb.ll Ian Couper Susan Williams Rob.rt b.ooks Lucie Walters Family and Preventive Medicine University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences College of MedicineLittle RockArkansasUSA Family Medicine and Community Health Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA Independent Health Psychologist Los AngelesCaliforniaUSA Family Medicine and Community Health UMass Chan Medical SchoolWorcesterMassachusettsUSA Psychiatry and b.havioral Neurosciences Saint Louis University School of MedicineSaint LouisMissouriUSA Family Medicine University of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNew YorkUSA Family Medicine Residency Program Natividad Medical CenterSalinasCaliforniaUSA Family Medicine Tufts University School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA Pub.ic Health and Preventive Medicine SUNY Upstate Medical UniversitySyracuseNew YorkUSA Cone Health Family Medicine Residency The University of North Carolina School of MedicineGreensboroNorth CarolinaUSA Family Medicine Atrium HealthCharlotteNorth CarolinaUSA Family Medicine University of Alberta Faculty of Medicine&DentistryEdmontonAlbertaCanada Cunninghame Arm Medical Centre Australian College of Rural and Remote MedicineLakes EntranceQueenslandAustralia Ukwanda Centre for Rural Health Stellenbosch University Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesCape TownWestern CapeSouth Africa Adelaide Rural Clinical School The University of AdelaideAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia Department of Rural Health Broken Hill UniversityBroken HillNew South WalesAustralia Adelaide Rural Clinical School The University of Adelaide Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesMount GambierSouth AustraliaAustralia

Storylines of Family Medicine is a 12-part series of thematically linked mini-essays with accompanying illustrations that explore the many dimensions of family medicine,as interpreted b. individual family physicians and medical educators in the USA and elsewhere around the ***‘Ⅳ:perspectives on practice—lenses of appreciation’,authors address the following themes:‘Relational connections in the doctor–patient partnership’,‘Feminism and family medicine’,‘Positive family medicine’,‘Mindful practice’,‘The new,old ethics of family medicine’,‘Pub.ic health,prevention and populations’,‘Information mastery in family medicine’and‘Clinical courage.’May readers nurture their curiosity through these essays.

关键词： thematic illustration doctor

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