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Generation of polarized electron beams through self-injection in the interaction of a laser with a pre-polarized plasma

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High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2024年第3期12卷 62-68页

作者： L.R.yin X.F.Li y.j.Gu N.Cao Q.Kong M.Büscher S.M.Weng M.Chen Z.M.Sheng Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Ion-beam Application(MoE) Institute of Modern PhysicsDepartment of Nuclear Science and TechnologyFudan UniversityShanghaiChina State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina SANKEN(Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research) Osaka UniversityOsakaJapan Sichuan Research Institute Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityChengduChina Peter grünberg Institut(PGI-6) Forschungszentrum JülichJülichGermany Institut für Laser-und Plasmaphysik Heinrich-Heine-Universität DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas(MoE) School of Physics and AstronomyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina Tsung-Dao Lee Institute Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina

Polarized electron beam production via laser wakefield acceleration in pre-polarized plasma is investigated by particlein-cell *** evolution of the electron beam polarization is studied based on the Thomas±Bargmann±Michel±Telegdi equation for the transverse and longitudinal self-injection,and the depolarization process is found to be influenced by the injection *** the case of transverse self-injection,as found typically in the bubble regime,the spin precession of the accelerated electrons is mainly influenced by the ***,in the case of longitudinal injection in the quasi-1D regime(for example,*** et al.,***.110,135002(2013)),the direction of electron spin oscillates in the laser *** the electrons move around the laser axis,the net influence of the laser field is nearly zero and the contribution of the wakefield can be ***,an ultra-short electron beam with polarization of 99%can be obtained using longitudinal self-injection.

关键词： laser wakefield acceleration longitudinal self-injection particle-in-cell simulation polarized electron beam

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In vitro mineralisation of grafted ePTFE membranes carrying carboxylate groups

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Bioactive Materials 2017年第1期2卷 27-34页

作者： Norsyahidah Mohd Hidzir David j.T.Hill darren Martin Lisbeth grøndahl School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences University of QueenslandSt LuciaQLD4072Australia Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology University of QueenslandSt LuciaQLD4072Australia School of Applied Physics Faculty of Science&TechnologyUniversiti Kebangsaan MalaysiaUKM BangiSelangor43600Malaysia

In vitro mineralisation in simulated body fluid(SBF)of synthetic polymers continues to be an important area of research as the outcomes cannot be *** study evaluates a series of ePTFE membranes grafted with carboxylate-containing copolymers,specifically using acrylic acid and itaconic acid for *** samples differ with regards to graft density,carboxylate density and polymer *** type and amount of mineral produced in 1.5×SBF was dependent on the sample characteristics as evident from XPS,SEM/EDX,and FTIR *** was found that the graft density affects the mineral phases that form and that low graft density appear to cause co-precipitation of calcium carbonate and calcium *** and branched graft copolymer topology led to hydroxyapatite mineralisation whereas crosslinked graft copolymers resulted in formation of a mixture of calcium-phosphate *** study demonstrates that in vitro mineralisation outcomes for carboxylate-containing graft copolymers are *** findings of this study have implications for the design of bioactive coatings and are important for understanding the bone-biomaterial interface.

关键词： Simulated body fluid Expanded poly(tetrafluoroethylene) graft copolymerisation Carboxylate groups

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The Soft X-ray Imager(SXI)on the SMILE Mission

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第1期8卷 5-14页

作者： S.Sembay A.L.Alme D.Agnolon T.Arnold A.Beardmore A.Belén Balado Margeli C.Bicknell C.Bouldin G.Branduardi-Raymont T.Crawford j.P.Breuer T.Buggey G.Butcher R.Canchal j.A.Carter A.Cheney y.Collado-Vega H.Connor T.Crawford N.Eaton C.Feldman C.Forsyth T.Frantzen G.Galgóczi j.Garcia G.y.Genov C.Gordillo H-P.gröbelbauer M.Guedel y.Guo M.Hailey D.Hall R.Hampson j.Hasiba O.Hetherington A.Holland S-y.Hsieh M.W.j.Hubbard H.jeszenszky M.jones T.Kennedy K.Koch-Mehrin S.Kögl S.Krucker K.D.Kuntz C.Lakin G.Laky O.Lylund A.Martindale j.Miguel Mas Hesse R.Nakamura K.Oksavik N.Østgaard H.Ottacher R.Ottensamer C.Pagani S.Parsons P.Patel j.Pearson G.Peikert F.S.Porter T.Pouliantis B.H.Qureshi W.Raab G.Randal A.M.Read N.M.M.Roque M.E.Rostad C.Runciman S.Sachdev A.Samsonov M.Soman D.Sibeck S.Smit j.Søndergaard R.Speight S.Stavland M.Steller TianRan Sun j.Thornhill W.Thomas K.Ullaland B.Walsh D.Walton C.Wang S.yang School of Physics and Astronomy University of LeicesterLeicesterLE17RHUK Space Park Leicester University of LeicesterLeicesterLE17RHUK Mullard Space Science Laboratory University College LondonDorkingRH56NTUK Centre for Electronic Imaging Open UniversityMilton KeynesMK76 AAUK Birkeland Centre for Space Science Department of Physics and TechnologyUniv.of BergenN-5007 BergenNorway University of Vienna A-1010 ViennaAustria Space Research Institute Austrian Academy of SciencesA-8042 GrazAustria National Institute of Aerospace Technology MadridSpain ESTEC European Space Agency2201 AZ NoordwijkNetherlands State Key Laboratory of Space Weather National Space Science CentreBeijing 100190China University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland CH-5210 WindischSwitzerland Koegl Space GmbH CH-8157 DielsdorfSwitzerland Space Acoustics GmbH CH-8157 DielsdorfSwitzerland Zurich University of Applied Sciences 8400 WinterhurSwitzerland Genov Solutions N-5172 LoddefjordNorway STM Engineering N-5165 LaksevagNorway john Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory MD 20723USA NASA/Goddard Space Flight Centre MD 20771USA Center for Space Physics Boston UniversityBostonMA 02215USA Department of Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics Masaryk University60177 BrnoCzech Republic Institute of Physics E¨otvo¨s Lor´and University1053 BudapestHungary Aerospace Information Research Institute Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100045China Centro de Astrobiologia(CAB) CSIC-INTAMadridSpain

The Soft X-ray Imager(SXI)is part of the scientific payload of the Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer(SMILE)*** is a joint science mission between the European Space Agency(ESA)and the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)and is due for launch in *** is a compact X-ray telescope with a wide field-of-view(FOV)capable of encompassing large portions of Earth’s magnetosphere from the vantage point of the SMILE *** is sensitive to the soft X-rays produced by the Solar Wind Charge eXchange(SWCX)process produced when heavy ions of solar wind origin interact with neutral particles in Earth’s *** provides a mechanism for boundary detection within the magnetosphere,such as the position of Earth’s magnetopause,because the solar wind heavy ions have a very low density in regions of closed magnetic field *** sensitivity of the SXI is such that it can potentially track movements of the magnetopause on timescales of a few minutes and the orbit of SMILE will enable such movements to be tracked for segments lasting many *** is led by the University of Leicester in the United Kingdom(UK)with collaborating organisations on hardware,software and science support within the UK,Europe,China and the United States.

关键词： Soft X-ray Imaging micropore optics large area CCD

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The role of organic electron donors in the initiation of BHAS base-induced coupling reactions between haloarenes and arenes

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Science China Chemistry 2019年第11期62卷 1425-1438页

作者： Andrew j.Smith darren L.Poole john A.Murphy Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry University of StrathclydeStrathclydeGlasgow G11XLUnited Kingdom Flexible Discovery Unit GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research CentreStevenageSG12NYUnited Kingdom

Coupling reactions between haloarenes and arenes(including heteroarenes)that are conducted without added transition metals but in the presence of KOtBu or NaOtBu,have been a topic of great interest since their discovery in *** organic structures act as additives that assist these *** additives are converted into organic electron donors by the butoxide base and this leads to initiation of the coupling reactions,which proceed by radical chain *** review provides an overview of the initiation stages of these reactions.

关键词： organic electron donor potassium tert-butoxide electron transfer base-promoted homolytic aromatic substitution(BHAS) coupling benzyne

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Psychological, social, and sexual challenges affecting men receiving male infertility treatment: a systematic review and implications for clinical care

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Asian journal of Andrology 2023年第4期25卷 448-453页

作者： Winston Wu justin La Kathryn M Schubach Daniel Lantsberg darren j Katz Department of Urology Western HealthSt AlbansVIC 3021Australia Department of Urology Kaiser Permanente San Rafael Medical CenterSan RafaelCA 94903USA Men’s Health Melbourne MelbourneVIC 3000Australia Reproductive Services Unit The Royal Women’s HospitalParkvilleVIC 3052Australia Melbourne IVF East MelbourneVIC 3002Australia Department of Surgery Western PrecinctUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVIC 3010Australia

In recent years, social research surrounding the consequences of infertility has increasingly focused on the male perspective;however, a gap exists in the understanding of men’s experiences of male infertility treatment. This review aims to synthesize theexisting evidence concerning the psychological, social, and sexual burden of male infertility treatment on men, as well as patientneeds during clinical care. A systematic search identified 12 studies that are diverse in design, setting, and methods. Psychologicalevaluations have found that urological surgery may have a lasting impact on infertility-specific stress, and treatment failure canlead to feelings of depression, grief, and inadequacy. Men tended to have an avoidant coping mechanism throughout fertilitytreatment, and their self-esteem, relationship quality, and sexual functions can be tied to outcomes of treatment. Partner bonds canbe strengthened by mutual support and enhanced communication;couple separation, however, has been noted as a predominantreason for discontinuing male infertility treatment and may be associated with difficult circumstances surrounding severe maleinfertility. Surgical treatments can affect the sexual functioning of infertile men;however, the impact of testicular sperm extractionoutcomes appears to be psychologically driven whereas the improvements after microsurgical varicocelectomy are only evident inhypogonadal men. Clinically, there is a need for better inclusion, communication, education, and resource provision, to addressreported issues of marginalization and uncertainty in men. Routine psychosocial screening in cases of severe male infertility andfollow-up in cases of surgical treatment failure are likely beneficial.

关键词： male infertility male infertility treatment patient experience patient-centered care psychosocial sexual

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Differential colour-ring loss among Dalmatian Pelican(Pelecanus crispus) colonies and its consequence on survival estimates

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Avian Research 2024年第1期15卷 66-71页

作者： Anastasios Bounas Giorgos Catsadorakis Dionyssia Hatzilacou Theodoros Naziridis jocelyn Champagnon Alain j.Crivelli Department of Biological Applications and Technology University of IoanninaIoanninaGreece Society for the Protection of Prespa Agios GermanosGreece Natural Environment and Climate Change Agency 207 Mesogeion Ave.11525AthensGreece Natural Environment and Climate Change Agency Kerkini BranchKerkiniGR-62055Kato PoroiaGreece Tour du Valat Research Institute for Conservation of Mediterranean Wetlands13200ArlesFrance

The analysis of bird ringing data often comes with some potential sources of error and bias,as ring wear and/or loss could affect mark-recapture analyses and produce erroneous estimates of ***,ring wear and loss rates may differ between and within species based on the habitat they use or the species’ life-history traits and behaviour as well as the type of the *** this study we use resighting data from a long-term double marking experiment to directly estimate the rate of colour-ring loss among different Dalmatian Pelican colonies over time,evaluate any possible factors that could contribute to differential ring loss and assess how it may bias the results of mark-resighting *** on 14,849 resightings from 1275 individuals and using multi-state continuous-time hidden Markov models(HMMs) we showed that probability of ring loss was markedly different among colonies,ranging from 0.10 to 0.42 within the first year of marking,whereas the cumulative probability of losing a ring after ten years ranged 0.64 to *** rates are among the highest estimated when compared to previous studies in *** approach assessing the intra-specific variance in ring loss provided several factors potentially involved,such as the use of glue and the fledgling age accuracy and we could further hypothesise the effect of environmental ***,our results showed that ring loss can be a significant challenge for the assessment of the species’ population dynamics using mark-recapture methods as survival was consistently underestimated when not accounting for ring loss and varied significantly among different colonies.

关键词： Bias Capture-mark-recapture Colour-ring Double-marking Hidden Markov models

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芬兰驻新德里大使馆翻新印度新德里

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世界建筑导报 2024年第2期39卷 96-99页

作者： juho grönholm Antti Nousjoki janne Teräsvirta Samuli Woolston Simo Nuojua Harri Ahokas Anders jönsson Lotta Kindberg Mirja Sillanpää Sari Vesanen Tuomas Uusheimo(摄影) ALA建筑师事务所不详

皮耶蒂莱夫妇(Reima and Raili Pietilä)赢得了1963年的芬兰大使馆设计竞赛,该大使馆位于新德里查卡雅布里的外交飞地,参赛作品美而有力,名为“雪在山上说”。经过长时间的拖延,该项目于1980年被正式委托,并在原有概念的基础上重新进行... 详细信息

皮耶蒂莱夫妇(Reima and Raili Pietilä)赢得了1963年的芬兰大使馆设计竞赛,该大使馆位于新德里查卡雅布里的外交飞地,参赛作品美而有力,名为“雪在山上说”。经过长时间的拖延,该项目于1980年被正式委托,并在原有概念的基础上重新进行了设计。大使馆最终于1986年开放,1960年设计的巨大单体屋顶被分成六个独立建筑,围绕在一个中心花园周围。雕塑般的屋顶,这是大使馆最显著的建筑特征,类似于芬兰北部库萨莫附近的雪湖Kitkajärvi。

关键词：中心花园设计竞赛印度新德里芬兰

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Experimentally unsupervised deconvolution for light-sheet microscopy with propagation-invariant beams

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Light(Science & Applications) 2022年第11期11卷 2790-2804页

作者： Philip Wijesinghe Stella Corsetti darren j.X.Chow Shuzo Sakata Kylie R.Dunning Kishan Dholakia SUPA School of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of St AndrewsNorth HaughSt AndrewsFife KY169SSUK Robinson Research Institute Adelaide Medical SchoolThe University of AdelaideAdelaideSAAustralia Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics The University of AdelaideAdelaideSAAustralia Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing The University of AdelaideAdelaideSAAustralia Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences University of StrathclydeGlasgow G4 OREUK School of Biological Sciences The University of AdelaideAdelaideSAAustralia Department of Physics College of ScienceYonsei UniversitySeoul 03722South Korea

Deconvolution is a challenging inverse problem,particularly in techniques that employ complex engineered pointspread functions,such as microscopy with propagation-invariant ***,we present a deep-learning method for deconvolution that,in lieu of end-to-end training with ground truths,is trained using known physics of the imaging ***,we train a generative adversarial network with images generated with the known point-spread function of the system,and combine this with unpaired experimental data that preserve perceptual *** method rapidly and robustly deconvolves and super-resolves microscopy images,demonstrating a two-fold improvement in image contrast to conventional deconvolution *** contrast to common end-to-end networks that often require 1000-10,000s paired images,our method is experimentally unsupervised and can be trained solely on a few hundred regions of *** demonstrate its performance on light-sheet microscopy with propagation-invariant Airy beams in oocytes,preimplantation embryos and excised brain tissue,as well as illustrate its utility for Bessel-beam *** method aims to democratise learned methods for deconvolution,as it does not require data acquisition outwith the conventional imaging protocol.

关键词： invariant propagation implantation

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Large-diameter trees, snags, and deadwood in southern Utah, USA

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Ecological Processes 2021年第1期10卷 130-141页

作者： james A.Lutz Soren Struckman Tucker j.Furniss joseph D.Birch Larissa *** darren j.McAvoy Department of Wildland Resources S.J.and Jessie E.Quinney College of Natural ResourcesUtah State University5230 Old Main HillLoganUT 84322-5230USA. Department of Renewable Resources University of AlbertaEdmontonAlbertaCanada.

Background:The epidemic Dendroctonus rufipennis(spruce beetle)outbreak in the subalpine forests of the Colorado Plateau in the 1990s killed most larger Picea engelmannii(Engelmann spruce)*** quarter century later,the larger snags are beginning to fall,transitioning to deadwood(down woody debris)where they may influence fire behavior,regeneration,and habitat ***:We tracked all fallen trees≥1 cm in diameter at breast height(1.37-m high)and mapped all pieces of deadwood≥10-cm diameter and≥1 m in length within 13.64 ha of a high-elevation mixed-species forest in the Picea–Abies zone annually for 5 years from 2015 through *** examined the relative contribution of Picea engelmannii to snag and deadwood pools relative to other species and the relative contributions of large-diameter trees(≥33.2 cm at this subalpine site).We compared spatially explicit mapping of deadwood to traditional measures of surface fuels and introduce a new method for approximating vertical distribution of ***:In this mixed-species forest,there was relatively high density and basal area of live Picea engelmannii 20 years after the beetle outbreak(36 trees ha^(−1) and 1.94 m^(2) ha^(−1)≥10-cm diameter)contrasting with the near total mortality of mature Picea in forests *** from tree boles≥10-cm diameter on the ground had biomass of 42 Mg ha^(−1),7 Mg ha^(−1) of Picea engelmannii,and 35 Mg ha^(−1) of other *** live aboveground biomass was 119 Mg ha^(−1),while snag biomass was 36 Mg ha^(−1).Mean total fuel loading measured with planar transects was 63 Mg ha^(−1) but varied more than three orders of magnitude(0.1 to 257 Mg ha^(−1)).Planar transects recorded 32 Mg ha^(−1) of wood≥7.62-cm diameter compared to the 42 Mg ha^(−1) of wood≥10-cm diameter recorded by explicit *** pieces of deadwood were often stacked,forming a vertical structure likely to contribute to active fire ***:Bark beetle mortality in the 1990s has made

关键词： Cedar Breaks National Monument Dendroctonus rufipennis Utah Forest Dynamics Plot Vertical fuel structure

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A mixed acid methodology to produce thermally stable cellulose nanocrystal at high yield using phosphoric acid

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journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts 2022年第2期7卷 17-26页

作者： Khairatun Najwa Mohd Amin Alireza Hosseinmardi darren j.Martin Pratheep K.Annamalai Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology(AIBN) the University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLD 4072 Australia Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology College of Engineering TechnologyUniversiti Malaysia PahangLebuhraya Tun Razak26300 Gambang KuantanPahang D.M.Malaysia

Cellulose nanocrystal(CNC)with distinctive shape-morphology,enhanced thermal stability and dispersibility is essential for overcoming the challenges in processing polymer/CNC nanocom-posites through melt compounding at elevated *** study shows a mixed acid hy-drolysis method to produce CNC with improved thermal stability and high *** use of phosphoric acid(H_(3)PO_(4)),as a mild acid,in combination with a strong acid either sulphuric acid(H_(2)SO_(4))or hydrochloric acid(HCl)leads to reduced use of strong acids and low impact on our *** influences of acid combination and sequence of addition on the production yield were investigated by retaining the proportion of H_(3)PO_(4)to corrosive acid(H_(2)SO_(4)and HCl)4 to 1,and solid to liquid ratio 1꞉*** methodology has enabled to isolate CNC with higher thermal stability,dispersibility and productivity in terms of amount acid used 1 g of CNC,as compared with single acid *** CNC produced using the combination of H_(3)PO_(4)and HCl exhibits high thermal stability,dispersibility and rod-like shape morphology with length and width of(424±86)and(22±3)nm,***,this approach has reduced H_(3)PO_(4)consumption by 54%as compared with single acid hydrolysis method for the production of same amount of CNC.

关键词： Cellulose nanocrystal(CNC) Acid hydrolysis Thermal stability Mixed acid Crystallinity Production yield

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