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Temporal trends in concentrations of legacy and novel brominated flame retardants in house dust from Birmingham in the United Kingdom

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Emerging Contaminants 2020年第1期6卷 323-329页

作者： daniel simon drage Sonthinee Waiyarat Stuart Harrad Mohamed Abou-Elwafa Abdallah Suwanna Kitpati Boontanon School of Geography Earth&Environmental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamB152TTUK Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty of EngineeringMahidol UniversityNakhon PathomThailand

Concentrations of polybrominated diphenyl ethers(PBDEs),hexabromocyclododecane(HBCDD),tetrabromobisphenol-A(TBBPA)and two potential replacements decabromodiphenylethane(DBDPE)and 1,2-bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy)ethane(BTBPE)were measured in dust samples collected from 14 homes across Birmingham(UK).Concentrations were compared with those from the same city in previous studies to ascertain any temporal changes and to assess the effects of legislative *** average PHBCDDs concentration(46,000 ng/g;median=280 ng/g)included the highest dust concentration recorded globally(570,000 ng/g).This is despite the listing of HBCDD under the Stockholm Convention in 2013,demonstrating that decreases in indoor contamination will likely be slow as existing sources are gradually *** contrast,concentrations of BDE-47(mean=5.7 ng/g;median=0.93 ng/g)and BDE-99(mean=11 ng/g;median=2.9 ng/g)were significantly lower than in all previous(p<0.01)studies in the same city since 2006,suggesting restrictions on the Penta-BDE formulation have been *** average BDE-209 concentration(4800 ng/g;median=1600 ng/g)is lower than the peak average concentration,which was observed in 2007(280,000 ng/g),however this is not a significant decline,probably due to the later imposition of Deca-BDE restrictions compared to those on *** in PBDE concentrations have coincided with a significant(p<0.01)increase in DBDPE concentrations(average=1500 ng/g;median=660 ng/g)since 2014,suggesting its use as a replacement flame retardant for *** no significant change was detected for BTBPE(average 11 ng/g;median=0.84 ng/g in this study);concentrations of TBBPA(average=34 ng/g;median=35 ng/g)were significantly lower(p<0.05)than in 2007(average 62 ng/g).The decreases observed in PBDE concentrations,demonstrates that legislation has been effective in reducing the commercial use of PBDEs,however this has coincided with increases of alternative flame retardants such as DBDPE.

关键词： Brominated Flame Retardants(BFRs) Polybrominated diphenyl ethers(PBDEs) Hexabromocyclododecane(HBCDD) Decabromodiphenyl ethane(DBDPE) Stockholm convention Tetrabromobisphenol A(TBBPA) BTBPE

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Chlorinated organophosphate and“legacy”brominated flame retardants in UK waste soft furnishings:A preliminary study

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Emerging Contaminants 2016年第4期2卷 185-190页

作者： William A.Stubbings daniel S.drage Stuart Harrad School of Geography Earth&Environmental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamB152TTUK National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology 39 Kessels RoadCoopers PlainsQLD4108Australia

The Furniture and Furnishings(Fire Safety)Regulations 1988 is the major driver for the use of chemical flame retardants(FRs)in soft furnishings marketed in the *** these regulations specify the level of flame retardancy required,they do not specify how such levels should be ***,it remains unclear which FRs are present in UK soft *** is important not only to help assess what FRs we may be exposed to currently,but which FRs are currently entering the waste stream with concomitant potential for release into the *** address this data gap,concentrations of polybrominated diphenyl ethers(PBDEs),hexabromocyclododecane(HBCDD)and a range of chlorinated organophosphate flame retardants(OPFRs)were measured in samples of domestic and office waste soft furnishings products entering the UK waste stream in 2011 and *** preliminary study measured the FR content of:carpets(n?4),curtains(n?7),mattress fabrics(n?2),furniture foam(n?9),and furniture upholstery textiles(n?10).Polybrominated diphenyl ethers(PBDEs)and hexabromocyclododecane(HBCDD)were not found at significant concentrations(below detection limits in most samples)in any of the twenty two analysed *** contrast,7 of the 9 furniture foam samples were treated with tris(2-chloroisopropyl)phosphate(TCIPP)at a mean concentration of 1.9%w/w,with another single foam sample containing tris(1,3-dichloroisopropyl)phosphate(TDCIPP)and tris(2-chloroethyl)phosphate(TCEP)at 1.1 and 0.5%*** comparison,PBDE concentrations are within the range reported previously for UK indoor dust[18],rather than the percent by weight levels required to impart flame retardancy.

关键词： Hexabromocyclododecane Waste furniture PBDEs Tris(2-chloroisopropyl)phosphate

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Leaching of decabromodiphenyl ether and hexabromocyclododecane from fabrics under simulated landfill conditions

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Emerging Contaminants 2020年第1期6卷 33-38页

作者： Stuart Harrad daniel S.drage Martin Sharkey Harald Berresheim School of Geography Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamB152TTUK School of Physics National University of Ireland GalwayGalwayIreland

A series of laboratory experiments were conducted to examine the leaching of decabromodiphenyl ether(BDE-209)and hexabromocyclododecane(HBCDD)from a mix of three *** with previous reports that such leaching is governed by second order kinetics,concentrations in leachate were markedly higher in the first 24 h of leaching,and diminished by an order of magnitude after 1 *** influence of the waste:leachate ratio was examined for the first time,with leaching of both BDE-209 and HBCDD significantly greater(p<0.05)at a waste:leachate ratio of 0.005 g/mL than at 0.05 g/*** dissolved humic matter(DHM)solutions as proxy for simulating organic landfill leachates we found that leaching of both BDE-209 and HBCDD was also significantly greater at a DHM concentration of 1,000 mg/L in leachate compared to that observed at DHM values of 100 and 0 mg/*** of waste:leachate mixtures significantly enhanced *** leaching of HBCDD decreased significantly as leachate pH increased from 5.8,through 6.5,to 8.5;no significant impact of pH on leaching of BDE-209 was *** in leachate of both BDE-209 and HBCDD decreased significantly on increasing leachate temperature from 20℃to 60℃and 80℃.This is considered most likely due to volatilisation of these contaminants into the headspace of the leaching vessel at higher temperatures.

关键词： Brominated flame retardants Leachate pH Organic matter content Temperature waste:leachate ratio

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Occurrence,seasonal variation and human exposure to pharmaceuticals and personal care products in surface water,groundwater and drinking water in Lagos State,Nigeria

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Emerging Contaminants 2020年第1期6卷 124-132页

作者： Anekwe Jennifer Ebele Temilola Oluseyi daniel S.drage Stuart Harrad Mohamed Abou-Elwafa Abdallah Division of Environmental Health and Risk Management School of GeographyEarthand Environmental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamB152TTUK Chemistry Department University of LagosLagosNigeria Department of Analytical Chemistry Faculty of PharmacyAssiut University71526AssiutEgypt

The occurrence of 28 pharmaceuticals and personal care products(PPCPs)was investigated in 17 surface water samples(rivers,canals,and lagoons),12 groundwater samples(wells and boreholes,which can also be consumed for drinking)and 8 drinking water samples(bottles and sachets)during dry and rainy seasons in Lagos state,*** most prevalent compound detected in all samples was amoxicillin(an antibiotic)at median concentrations of 1614,238 and 358 ng/L in surface water,ground water and drinking water,*** is of concern due to potential impact on development of antibioticresistant microbial *** frequently-detected compounds include acetaminophen,nicotine,ibuprofen,and codeine with detection frequencies of more than 70%.Investigation of seasonal variability revealed that glyburide,caffeine,naproxen and diclofenac concentrations were significantly(P<0.05)higher during the dry season(winter),while Nicotine and Codeine levels were higher during the rainy season(summer).The factors influencing such seasonal variability include:dilution by extensive rainfall,agricultural activity(for nicotine)and usage patterns of pharmaceuticals among the local *** concentrations in drinking water samples were used to assess inadvertent human exposure to PPCPs in Nigerian *** revealed average daily exposures of 81,14 and 3 ngƩPPCPs/kg BW/day via drinking borehole,sachet water and bottled water,*** there exists no health-based limit value(HBLV)for chronic exposure to mixtures of PPCPs,our results raise concern and warrant further investigation of the potential health implications of such unintended PPCPs exposure.

关键词： Pharmaceuticals and personal care products PPCPs Freshwater Ground water Drinking water Seasonal variation Human exposure Nigeria

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LINGO-1 and AMIGO3, potential therapeutic targets for neurological and dysmyelinating disorders？

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Neural Regeneration Research 2017年第8期12卷 1247-1251页

作者： simon Foale Martin Berry Ann Logan daniel Fulton Zubair Ahmed Neuroscience and Ophthalmology Institute of Inflammation and Ageing University of Birmingham Birmingham UK

Leucine rich repeat proteins have gained considerable interest as therapeutic targets due to their expression and biological activity within the central nervous system. LINGO-1 has received particular attention since it inhibits axonal regeneration after spinal cord injury in a Rho A dependent manner while inhibiting leucine rich repeat and immunoglobulin-like domain-containing protein 1（LINGO-1） disinhibits neuron outgrowth. Furthermore, LINGO-1 suppresses oligodendrocyte precursor cell maturation and myelin production. Inhibiting the action of LINGO-1 encourages remyelination both in vitro and in vivo. Accordingly, LINGO-1 antagonists show promise as therapies for demyelinating diseases. An analogous protein to LINGO-1, amphoterin-induced gene and open reading frame-3（AMIGO3）, exerts the same inhibitory effect on the axonal outgrowth of central nervous system neurons, as well as interacting with the same receptors as LINGO-1. However, AMIGO3 is upregulated more rapidly after spinal cord injury than LINGO-1. We speculate that AMIGO3 has a similar inhibitory effect on oligodendrocyte precursor cell maturation and myelin production as with axogenesis. Therefore, inhibiting AMIGO3 will likely encourage central nervous system axonal regeneration as well as the production of myelin from local oligodendrocyte precursor cell, thus providing a promising therapeutic target and an area for future investigation.

关键词： multiple sclerosis demyelination oligodendrocyte AMIGO3 LINGO1 oligodendrocyte precursor cell

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A Virtual Prototyping Approach for Development of PMSM on Real‑Time Platforms: A Case Study on Temperature Sensitivity

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Automotive Innovation 2022年第3期5卷 285-298页

作者： René Scheer Yannick Bergheim simon Aleff daniel Heintges Niclas Rahner Rafael Gries Jakob Andert Teaching and Research Area Mechatronics in Mobile Propulsion RWTH Aachen UniversityForckenbeckstr.4Aachen 52074Germany DENSO Automotive Deutschland GmbH Friedrich‑List‑Allee 42Wegberg 41844Germany

This paper presents a comprehensive evaluation of system interactions in a battery electric vehicle caused by temperature sensitivity of permanent magnet synchronous machines(PMSM).An analytical model of a PMSM considering iron losses and thermal impact is implemented on a field programmable gate array suitable for hardware-in-the-loop *** the presented virtual prototyping approach,different machine characteristics defined by the design are used to parameterize the analytical *** investigated temperature effect is understood as an interacting influence between machine character-istics and control,which are investigated in terms of torque generation,voltage utilization and efficiency under closed-loop condition in a vehicle *** particular,using a surface permanent magnet rotor and an interior permanent magnet rotor,the performance of both machine designs is analyzed by varying temperature-adjusted feedforward control strategies on the basis of a driving cycle from a *** comparison shows that the machine design with surface-mounted mag-nets is associated with higher temperature *** this case,the temperature consideration in the feedforward control provides a14%loss reduction in closed-loop vehicle test *** can be summarized that the electromagnetic torque is less sensitive to a temperature variation with increasing *** presented development approach demonstrates the impact of interactions in electric powertrains without the need of real prototypes.

关键词： FPGA PMSM Iron loss FEM Spatial harmonics RT-MIL Virtual prototyping Frontloading Closed-

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Pneumothorax in a Thiel cadaver model of cardiopulmonary resuscitation

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World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2023年第2期14卷 143-147页

作者： daniel Auinger simon Orlob Johannes Wittig Gabriel Honnef Stefan Heschl Georg Feigl Gerhard Prause Division of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine 1 Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care MedicineMedical University of GrazGraz 8036Austria Division of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine 2 Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care MedicineMedical University of GrazGraz 8036Austria Medical University of Graz Graz 8036Austria Research Center for Emergency Medicine Aarhus University HospitalAarhus 8200Denmark Department of Medicine Randers Regional HospitalRanders 8930Denmark Chair of Macroscopic and Clinical Anatomy Gottfried Schatz Research CenterMedical University of GrazGraz 8036Austria Institute of Morphology and Clinical Anatomy Faculty of Health/School of MedicineWitten/Herdecke UniversityWitten 58448Germany

INTRODUCTION There has been some previous research in the field of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) using cadaver models.[1]The Thiel method was developed by Professor Walter Thiel (Graz, Austria) and described in 1992 and 2002. It consists of both an intravascular injection of the embalming solution and submersion of the bodies in a tank with the same solution for a determined period.[2,3]

关键词： Walter cardiopulmonary bal

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Organophosphate esters in indoor and outdoor dust from Iraq:Implications for human exposure

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Emerging Contaminants 2021年第1期7卷 204-212页

作者： Layla Salih Al-Omran Muideen Remilekun Gbadamosi William A.Stubbings daniel S.drage Mohamed Abou-Elwafa Abdallah Stuart Harrad Department of Chemistry College of ScienceUniversity of BasrahBasrahIraq School of Geography Earthand Environmental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamB152TTUnited Kingdom

Concentrations of 6 organophosphate esters(OPEs)were determined in 60 indoor(ID)and outdoor(OD)dust samples collected from 20 homes from Basrah,*** each home,two ID samples were collected,one from elevated surfaces(ESD)and one from the floor(FD)of the living room;while the OD samples were collected from the front yard of the same *** S6OPEs concentrations in dust samples ranged between 681 and 17900 ng/g with median concentrations of 5950,3590 and 1550 ng/g in ESD,FD and OD samples,*** OPEs were the most abundant compounds,contributing mean percentages of 88%,85%and 78%toΣ_(6)OPEs in ESD,FD and OD,respectively,with tris(1-chloro-2-propyl)phosphate(TCIPP)*** of our target OPEs in ESD significantly exceeded those in FD(p<0.05)for tris(2-chloroethyl)phosphate(TCEP)and tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl)phosphate(TDCIPP).Ratios of median concentrations of OPEs in ID:OD ranged from 1.5 for tri-n-butyl phosphate(TNBP)to 8.0 for TCEP,indicating the significance of indoor *** of chlorinated OPEs in ID were moderately correlated(R=0.522-0.591,P<0.05)with those in OD samples,suggesting interchange of OPEs between the two *** of OPEs in OD from houses with a contiguous front yard car porch exceeded those in OD from houses without a car porch and were significantly higher(P<0.05)for TCEP,TCIPP and 2-ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate(EHDPP).Emissions from parked cars and the associated home are likely sources of OPEs in the OD *** on the concentrations reported here,the estimated daily intake(EDI)for the Iraqi population through house dust ingestion are all well below the relevant reference dose(RfD)values.

关键词： OPEs Indoor dust Outdoor dust Human exposure

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Wireless organic electronic ion pumps driven by photovoltaics

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npj Flexible Electronics 2019年第1期3卷 126-131页

作者： Marie Jakešová Theresia Arbring Sjöström VedranĐerek David Poxson Magnus Berggren Eric daniel Głowacki daniel T.simon Laboratory of Organic Electronics ITN Campus NorrköpingLinköping UniversitySE-60174 NorrköpingSweden Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine Linköping UniversitySE-58185 LinköpingSweden

The organic electronic ion pump(OEIP)is an emerging bioelectronic technology for on-demand and local delivery of pharmacologically active species,especially targeting alkali ions,and *** electrical control is advantageous for providing precise spatial,temporal,and quantitative delivery,traditionally,it necessitates *** complicates ***,we demonstrate integration of an OEIP with a photovoltaic driver on a flexible carrier,which can be addressed by red light within the tissue transparency *** thin-film bilayer photovoltaic pixels are arranged in series and/or vertical tandem to provide the 2.5–4.5 V necessary for operating the high-resistance electrophoretic ion *** demonstrate light-stimulated transport of cations,ranging in size from protons to *** device,laminated on top of the skin,can easily be driven with a red LED emitting through a 1.5-cm-thick *** end result of our work is a thin and flexible integrated wireless device platform.

关键词： precise transparency alkali

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Towards maximized utilization of iridium for the acidic oxygen evolution reaction

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Nano Research 2019年第9期12卷 2275-2280页

作者： Marc Ledendecker simon Geiger Katharina Hengge Joohyun Lim Serhiy Cherevko Andrea M. Mingers daniel Gohl Guilherme V. Fortunato daniel Jalalpoor Ferdi Schuth Christina Scheu Karl J. J. Mayrhofer Department of Interface Chemistry and Surface Engineering Nanoanalytics and Interfaces Max-Planck-Institut fur Eisenforschung GmbH40237 DusseldorfGermany Department of Heterogeneous Catalysis Max-Planck-Institut fur KohlenforschungKaiser- Wilhelm-Platz 145470 Mulheim an der RuhrGermany Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nurnbergfar Renewable Energy (IEK-11) Forschungszentrum Jillich91058 ErlangenGermany Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Friedrich-Alexander- Universitat Erlangen -Nurnberg91058 ErlangenGermany Institute of Chemistry Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do SulAv. Senador Filin to Muller1555Campo GrandeMS 79074-460Brazil

The reduction in noble metal content for efficient oxygen evolution catalysis is a crucial aspect towards the large scale commercialisation of polymer electrolyte membrane *** catalytic stability and activity are inversely related,long service lifetime still demands large amounts of low-abundant and expensive *** this manuscript we elaborate on the concept of maximizing the utilisation of iridium for the oxygen evolution *** combining different tin oxide based support materials with liquid atomic layer deposition of iridium oxide,new possibilities are opened up to grow thin layers of iridium oxide with tuneable noble metal ***-situ,time-and potential-resolved dissolution experiments reveal how the stability of the substrate and the catalyst layer thickness directly affect the activity and stability of deposited iridium *** on our results,we elaborate on strategies how to obtain stable and active catalysts with maximized iridium utilisation for the oxygen evolution reaction and demonstrate how the activity and durability can be tailored *** results highlight the potential of utilizing thin noble metal films with earth abundant *** for future catalytic applications in the energy sector.

关键词： oxygen evolution reaction liquid atomic layer depositi on catalysis iridium core-shell nano particles

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