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A Statistical Measure of Global Equity Market Risk

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Applied Mathematics 2020年第11期11卷 1053-1060页

作者： daniel felix ahelegbey Department of Economics and Management University of Pavia Pavia Italy

We construct a new index of global equity market risk (EMR) using market interconnectedness and volatilities. We study the relationship between our EMR and the VIX over the last two decades. The EMR is shown to be a novel approach to measuring global market risk, and an alternative to the VIX. Using data of 20 major stock markets, including G10 economies, we find spikes in our EMR index during the dotcom bubble, the global financial crisis, the European sovereign debt crisis, and the novel coronavirus pandemic. The result shows that the global financial crisis and the COVID-19 induced crisis record the historic highest spikes in financial market risk, suggesting stronger evidence of contagion in both periods.

关键词： COVID-19 Financial Crises Financial Markets Market Risk Mahalanobis Distance Volatility Index

Amyloid-β-induced disruption of axon-initial-segment mitochondria localization:consequences for TAU missorting in Alzheimer's disease pathology

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第5期20卷 1407-1408页

作者： daniel Adam felix Langerscheidt Hans Zempel Institute of Human Genetics University Hospital CologneCologneGermany Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne(CMMC) University of CologneCologneGermany

TAU is a neuronal microtubule-associated protein preferentially located in *** a battery of neurodegenerative diseases termed"tauopathies,"including Alzheimer's disease (AD),TAU is missorted and abnormally phosphorylated,leading to filamentous accumulations of hyperphosphorylated TAU,a pathological hallmark and potential disease driver of AD and related tauopathies (Zempel,2024).

关键词： Alzheimer tau diseases

Effect of surface damage induced by cavitation erosion on pitting and passive behaviors of 304L stainless steel

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2023年第7期30卷 1338-1352页

作者： Liang Li Yanxin Qiao Lianmin Zhang Aili Ma Enobong felix daniel Rongyao Ma Jian Chen Yugui Zheng School of Materials Science and Engineering Jiangsu University of Science and TechnologyZhenjiang 212003China CAS Key Laboratory of Nuclear Materials and Safety Assessment Institute of Metal ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016China Shenyang National Research Center for Materials Science Institute of MetalsChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016China

The corrosion behavior of 304L stainless steel(SS)in 3.5wt%NaCl solution after different cavitation erosion(CE)times was mainly evaluated using electrochemical noise and potentiostatic polarization *** was found that the antagonism effect resulting in the passivation and depassivation of 304L SS had significant distinctions at different CE *** passive behavior was predominant during the incubation period of CE where the metastable pitting initiated at the surface of 304L *** the rising period of CE,the 304L SS experienced a transition from passivation to depassivation,leading to the massive growth of metastable pitting and stable *** depassivation of304L SS was found to be dominant at the stable period of CE where serious localized corrosion occurred.

关键词： cavitation erosion pitting stainless steel electrochemical noise

Active anticorrosion and self-healing coatings:A review with focus on multi-action smart coating strategies

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2022年第21期116卷 224-237页

作者： Inime Ime Udoh Hongwei Shi Enobong felix daniel Jianyang Li Songhua Gu Fuchun Liu En-Hou Han CAS Key Laboratory of Nuclear Materials and Safety Assessment Institute of Metal ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016China School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering Shenyang Ligong UniversityShenyang 110159China University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026China

The development of smart coatings with potential for active anticorrosion and self-healing protection of metals is essential for long-term performance of metallic structures in aggressive chemical ***,emphasis has been placed on the development of advanced smart coatings for corrosion protection in different *** multifunctional coatings with fascinating stimuliresponsive functionalities are considered“smart”.The stimuli-responsive functionalities of these smart coatings when properly harnessed result in a class of coatings with inherent autonomous control of ***,when metals are exposed to aggressive environments,occurrences at the metalsolution interface cause environmental *** changes can be controlled when triggers from external environment set off active components of smart coating,thereby enhancing coating’s life and *** triggers include the availability of moisture,concentration of chloride ion,p H gradient,mechanical damage,impact,fatigue,light,redox activity and *** this review,recent technological trends in active anticorrosion and self-healing coatings as functional routes for metal protection are summarized,stimuli responsiveness and mechanisms of inhibition are discussed,and recent multi-action protective systems are particularly focused on.

关键词： Smart coating Active anticorrosion protection Self-healing Multi-action Protection mechanism

Insights into the characteristics of corrosion products formed on the contact and exposed regions of C1045 steel bolt and nut fasteners exposed to aqueous chloride environments

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2023年第4期135卷 250-264页

作者： Enobong felix daniel Chao Li Changgang Wang Junhua Dong Inime Ime Udoh Peter Chukwuemeka Okafor Dongjiu Zhang Wenan Zhong Sheng Zhong School of Materials Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science Institute of Metal ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016China School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering Shenyang Ligong UniversityShenyang 110159China Corrosion and Electrochemistry unit Department of Pure and Applied ChemistryUniversity of CalabarP.M.B 1115 CalabarCross River StateNigeria Key Laboratory of Space Launching Site Reliability Xichang Satellite Launch CenterHainan Haikou 571126China

This study investigated the characteristics of corrosion products formed on the contact and exposed re-gions of C1045 steel bolt and nut fasteners exposed to aqueous chloride *** corroded sur-face morphology,rust compositions,and corrosion kinetics of the bolt specimen were studied by visual observation,optical microscopy(OM),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),X-Ray diffractometry(XRD),micro-Raman,electron probe micro-analyser(EPMA),and potentiodynamic polarization ***-sults obtained showed a variation in corrosion kinetics,morphology,and composition of the rust layer which were driven by differential aeration and concentration *** to the availability of sufficient dissolved oxygen,the oxyhydroxide compound,lepidocrocite(γ-FeOOH)was detected in the outer rust layer in the exposed region,whereas the inner rust layer was composed of magnetite(Fe_(3)O_(4)).How-ever,the oxygen-deficient contact surface revealed the presence of akaganeite(β-FeOOH)and magnetite(Fe_(3)O_(4))as dominant oxide *** most stable phase,goethite(α-FeOOH)was also detected in the rust formed in both regions,though in significantly low ***,owing to variation in environmental conditions,the amount and density of the rust layer varied in the different *** estimated corrosion stability values for the different regions revealed that the corrosion products formed on the steel surfaces were non-protective,suggesting the need for specific surface treatment as a protec-tive measure.

关键词： Carbon steel Bolt-nut fastener Raman SEM-EDS XRD Rust characterization

Corrosion Behaviour of Carbon Steel Fasteners in Neutral Chloride Solution

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2022年第4期35卷 563-576页

作者： Enobong felix daniel Junhua Dong Xiaofang Li Ini-Ibehe Nabuk Etim Inime Ime Udoh Rongyao Ma Lei Chen Changgang Wang Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science Institute of Metal ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016China School of Materials Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of ChinaShenyang 110016China School of Materials Science and Engineering Northeastern UniversityShenyang 110819China School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering Shenyang Ligong UniversityShenyang 110159China Department of Marine Biology Akwa Ibom State UniversityP.M.B 1167UyoNigeria

An experimental model for simulating the corrosion of carbon steel fasteners(bolt and nut) composed of a contact carbon steel electrode(CCSE) and an exposed bare carbon steel plate electrode(BCSE) was designed. The effect of coupling on the corrosion process of the galvanically coupled carbon steel electrode was evaluated and compared with the self-corrosion process observed independently at the exposed and contact regions. Results obtained indicated that at an equal area ratio and uncoupled conditions, the corrosion rate is accelerated in the surface directly exposed to bulk solution compared to the bolt surface in contact with the nut. A coupling current was recorded when the exposed surface(BCSE) was electrically connected with the contact surface(CCSE);with the CCSE acting as the anode thereby suppressing the corrosion process in the exposed surface. By implication, the galvanic coupling between CCSE and BCSE increased the corrosion rate of CCSE. The diff erence in oxygen supply was responsible for the coupling effect observed in the system as there was no decrease in the solution pH. Moreover, varying the cathode-to-anode area( S c/S a) ratio significantly influenced the corrosion current density as increased S c/S a ratio resulted in an accelerated galvanic corrosion process. The corroded surfaces and interfaces were analysed using stereomicroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. X-ray diff ractometry was adopted for corrosion product characterization. The results obtained showed supportive evidence of the corrosion behaviour in carbon steel fasteners.

关键词： Bolt and nut Galvanic current density Zero resistance ammetry(ZRA) Coupling potential Differential aeration cell Carbon steel fasteners

Is hyperexcitability really guilty in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2015年第9期10卷 1413-1415页

作者： felix Leroy daniel Zytnicki Centre de Neurophysique Physiologie et Pathologie UMR 8119 Université Paris Descartes UMR 8119 45 rue des Saints-Pères 752070 Paris Cedex 06 France

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis （ALS） is a lethal disorder char- acterized by the gradual degeneration of brainstem and spinal motoneurons as well as lateral cortico-spinal tracts. The onset generally occurs during the adult age except for some juvenile aggressive forms. Until recently, the vast majority of the cases （90%） were deemed sporadic. Mutations in the SOD1 gene have been for a long time the only ones reported in familiar forms of ALS. However, the recent implication of new genes of little known function cast a new view on this disease. C9ORF72, for example, is now recognized to account for 30% of the familial cases. Overall, ALS has been linked to 20 different genes, many also associated with other degenerative diseases （frontotemporal dementia, Alzheimer or ataxia）. Some of these genes are in- volved in RNA maturation （FUS, TARBD）. Clinical observation of human patients and mouse models suggests that all motor pools and motoneurons are not equally affected （see Kanning et al., 2010）. The disease usually starts in motor pools controlling the limbs or in the bulbar area before expanding to other motor pools, with the exception of a few resistant ones （Onuf＇s and oculomotor nuclei）. Within a vulnerable motor pool, motoneu- tons subtypes also exhibit differential vulnerability and follow an orderly degeneration; starting with the motoneurons innervating fast-contracting fatigable motor units （IZF motoneurons） and followed by the ones innervating fast-contractile fatigue-resistant motor units （FR motoneurons）. The motoneurons in- nervating slow motor units （S motoneurons） appear resistant to the disease. Although the mechanisms leading to the orderly degeneration are not known, many hypotheses have been raised （Ilieva et al., 2009）.

关键词： hyperexcitability amyotrophic sclerosis

Temporal gradients limit the accumulation of neutrophils toward sources of chemoattractant

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2017年第1期3卷 455-462页

作者： Arvind Chandrasekaran felix Ellett Julianne Jorgensen daniel Irimia Department of Surgery BioMEMS Resource CenterMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolShriners Burns HospitalBostonMA 02129USA

Neutrophil trafficking during inflammation is a highly orchestrated process,coordinating neutrophil recruitment,sterilization of the wound,and inflammation *** the chemotactic signals guiding neutrophil recruitment to sites of inflammation are relatively well understood,our knowledge of mechanisms controlling cessation of neutrophil recruitment and return to normal tissue physiology remains *** gain insights into these processes,we designed a microfluidic device with an array of chemoattractant reservoirs,which mimics the microenvironment in infected tissues,when multiple clusters of microbes are *** monitored the temporal dynamics of neutrophil recruitment toward the chemoattractant reservoirs at single cell resolution,for 3 *** observed robust neutrophil recruitment that reached a plateau after 1.5 h,despite the continuous presence of strong chemoattractant gradients around the *** timing of the plateau was dependent on the geometry of the devices and was independent from the number of *** the basis of these observations,we ruled out sub-population sensitivity,chemoattractant scavenging,and production of a self-limiting stop signal as potential mechanisms underpinning the plateau in neutrophil *** found a strong correlation between the temporal stabilization of concentration changes and the plateau in neutrophils *** results suggest that dynamic aspects of chemoattractant gradients are key for maximizing recruitment during the acute phase of infections and limiting the accumulation of neutrophils as soon as the infection is contained.

关键词： chemotaxis leukocyte microfluidic relay signaling scavenging

海洋环境中碳钢和不锈钢螺栓紧固件的腐蚀机制差异研究

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中国腐蚀与防护学报 2023年第4期43卷 737-745页

作者：王长罡 Enobong felix daniel 李超董俊华杨华张东玖中国科学院金属研究所沈阳材料科学国家研究中心沈阳110016 西昌卫星发射中心航天发射场可靠性技术重点实验室海口571126

通过对碳钢和不锈钢紧固件在海洋环境中的腐蚀特征、腐蚀产物和电偶极化等内容的比较性研究,提出了两种不同的腐蚀机制。对于碳钢紧固件,锈层增加了额外的IR降,削弱了阴极区对阳极缝隙区的极化作用,供氧的差异导致螺纹曝露部位的腐蚀更... 详细信息

通过对碳钢和不锈钢紧固件在海洋环境中的腐蚀特征、腐蚀产物和电偶极化等内容的比较性研究,提出了两种不同的腐蚀机制。对于碳钢紧固件,锈层增加了额外的IR降,削弱了阴极区对阳极缝隙区的极化作用,供氧的差异导致螺纹曝露部位的腐蚀更为严重,腐蚀形式以均匀腐蚀为主。对于不锈钢紧固件,缺氧的环境导致螺纹缝隙部位的钝化膜性能劣化,螺杆曝露区对螺纹缝隙区的电偶极化作用促使缝隙区腐蚀更为严重,腐蚀形式以点蚀为主。针对碳钢和不锈钢紧固件在海洋环境中的不同腐蚀机制,提出了差异化的腐蚀防护技术思路。

关键词：螺栓紧固件碳钢不锈钢电偶腐蚀缝隙腐蚀