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Realism, Normativity and Professor Mearsheimer

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Philosophy Study 2024年第2期14卷 63-65页

作者： Jan-Erik lane Geneva University GenevaSwitzerland

International relations or politics are a dynamic discipline within politics. It concentrates upon the understanding or explanation of conflict and power between nations or countries. It is of course highly relevant today with much warfare or threats thereof. One central theory is the so-called realism or neorealism. Its foremost representative today is Professor Mearsheimer. Professor John Mearsheimer has put several of his well-known lectures on YouTube. In these he spells out how he looks upon international politics today through a neorealist approach. Very much worth listening to, we must though question consistency in his message.

关键词： War conflict between nations neorealism

Pulmonary artery diameter ratio as a prognostic indicator of congenital diaphragmatic hernia

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World Journal of Pediatric Surgery 2024年第1期7卷 20-25页

作者： Yuichiro Miyake Hiroyuki Koga Shuko Nojiri Shunsuke Yamada Takanori Ochi Go Miyano Geoffrey J lane Atsuyuki Yamataka Tadaharu Okazaki Department of Pediatric General and Urogenital Surgery Juntendo University School of MedicineBunkyo-kuTokyoJapan Department of Medical Technology Innovation Center Juntendo UniversityBunkyo-ku TokyoJapan Department of Pediatric Surgery Juntendo University Urayasu HospitalUrayasuChibaJapan

Background Following on from an earlier study published in 2008 about left pulmonary artery(LPA)flow measured on serial echocardiography being strongly prognostic in left-sided congenital diaphragmatic hernia(CDH)and the ratio of LPA to right pulmonary artery(RPA)diameters being a simple and reliable indicator for commencing nitric oxide(NO)therapy,the ratio of LPA:RPA diameters(PA ratio orPAR)was hypothesized to possibly reflect cardiopulmonary stresses accompanying CDH *** Subjects with isolated left-sided CDH treated between 2007 and 2020 at a single pediatric surgical center were recruited and classified according to *** obtained retrospectively for subject demographics,clinical course,LPA/RPA diameters,and PAR were compared between survivors and *** value of PAR for optimizing the prognostic value of PA diameter data in CDH were analyzed with receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve *** Of 65 subjects,there were 54 survivors(82.3%)and 11 non-survivors(17.7%);7 of 11 non-survivors died before surgical repair could be *** PAR for survivors(0.851±0.152)was significantly higher than for non-survivors(0.672±0.108)(p=0.0003).Mean PAR for non-survivors was not affected by surgical *** of survivors were:LPA≥2 mm(n=52 of 54;mean PAR=0.866±0.146)and RPA≥3mm(n=46 of 54;mean PAR=0.857±0.152).Non-survivors with similar LPA and RPA diameters to survivors had significantly lower mean *** curve cut-off for PAR was *** with high PAR(≥0.762)required high-frequency oscillatory ventilation/NO less than subjects with low PAR(<0.762)(p=0.0244 and p=0.0485,respectively)and subjects with high PAR stabilized significantly earlier than subjects with low PAR(1.71±0.68 days vs 3.20±0.87 days)(p<0.0001).Conclusions PAR would appear to be strongly correlated with clinical outcome in CDH and be useful for planning management of cardiopulmonary instability in CDH.

关键词： hernia congenital diameters

CD8+T cell metabolic flexibility elicited by CD28-ARS2 axisdriven alternative splicing of PKM supports antitumor immunity

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2024年第3期21卷 260-274页

作者： G.Aaron Holling Colin A.Chavel Anand P.Sharda Mackenzie M.Lieberman Caitlin M.James Shivana M.Lightman Jason H.Tong Guanxi Qiao Tiffany R.Emmons Thejaswini Giridharan Shengqi Hou Andrew M.Intlekofer Richard M.Higashi Teresa W.M.Fan Andrew N.lane Kevin H.Eng Brahm H.Segal Elizabeth A.Repasky Kelvin P.Lee Scott H.Olejniczak Department of Immunology Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer CenterBuffaloNY 14263USA Department of Medicine Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer CenterBuffaloNY 14263USA Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkNY 10065USA Center for Environmental Systems Biochemistry Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology and Markey Cancer CenterLexingtonKY 40536USA Department of Cancer Genetics and Genomics Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer CenterBuffaloNY 14263USA Present address:University of Colorado Boulder BoulderCO 80309USA Present address:Dana Farber Cancer Institute BostonMA 02215USA Present address:Massachusetts Institute of Technology BostonMA 02139USA Present address:Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIN 46202USA

Metabolic flexibility has emerged as a critical determinant of CD8+T-cell antitumor activity,yet the mechanisms driving the metabolic flexibility of T cells have not been *** this study,we investigated the influence of the nuclear cap-binding complex(CBC)adaptor protein ARS2 on mature T *** doing so,we discovered a novel signaling axis that endows activated CD8+T cells with flexibility of glucose ***2 upregulation driven by CD28 signaling reinforced splicing factor recruitment to pre-mRNAs and affected approximately one-third of T-cell activation-induced alternative splicing *** these effects,the CD28-ARS2 axis suppressed the expression of the M1 isoform of pyruvate kinase in favor of PKM2,a key determinant of CD8+T-cell glucose utilization,interferon gamma production,and antitumor effector ***,PKM alternative splicing occurred independently of CD28-driven PI3K pathway activation,revealing a novel means by which costimulation reprograms glucose metabolism in CD8+T cells.

关键词： Immunometabolism mRNA splicing CD8 T cells ARS2 PKM2

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新自由主义:一项批判

马克思主义理论教学与研究 2024年第2期 92-101页

作者： [英]大卫·莱恩闫书帝(译) 英国剑桥大学伊曼纽尔学院南开大学马克思主义学院

新自由主义尽管危机重重,受到了广泛的批判和质疑,但依然作为霸权意识形态存在。新自由主义在理论和实践的七个方面上存在缺陷。简而言之,新自由主义理论将个人行为视为经济发展和财富创造的驱动力,它在促进多样性和流动性的同时,忽视... 详细信息

新自由主义尽管危机重重,受到了广泛的批判和质疑,但依然作为霸权意识形态存在。新自由主义在理论和实践的七个方面上存在缺陷。简而言之,新自由主义理论将个人行为视为经济发展和财富创造的驱动力,它在促进多样性和流动性的同时,忽视了建立在不公平的财产所有权之上的不平等,以及由此产生的经济和政治权力的不平等分配;抗衡力量的缺乏导致经济体长期处于次优状况,最终,是国家调控而非市场的抗衡力量,解决了由系统性经济失衡造成的经济危机。文明的创造并非如新自由主义所假设的那样源自市场机制调控下个人私利的驱动;相反,它来自不同社会和人们的合作。

关键词：新自由主义耦合秩序个人主义不平等国家调控

Organic acid blends improve intestinal integrity,modulate short-chain fatty acids profiles and alter microbiota of broilers under necrotic enteritis challenge

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Animal Nutrition 2022年第1期8卷 82-90页

作者： Alip Kumar Mehdi Toghyani Sarbast K.Kheravii lane Pineda Yanming Han Robert A.Swick Shu-Biao Wu School of Environmental and Rural Science University of New EnglandArmidaleNSW2351Australia Trouw Nutrition R&D Stationsstraat 773811MHAmersfoortthe Netherlands School of Life and Environmental Sciences The University of SydneyNSW2006Australia

Controlling enteric diseases of broilers is *** many additives,organic acids(OA)and their blends are gaining attention to combat diseases in the post-antibiotic *** current study evaluated the potentials of short-chain fatty acids(SCFA)and medium-chain fatty acids(MCFA)blends and/or phenolic compounds on intestinal integrity,intestinal pH,caecal microbiota,and caecal SCFA profiles of broilers under necrotic enteritis(NE)*** additives used were:(A)a blend of SCFA,MCFA,and a phenolic compound(SMP),(B)a blend of free and buffered SCFA with MCFA(SMF),and(C)a blend of free and buffered SCFA with a high concentration of MCFA(SHM).A total of 1,404 male parental chicks of Ross 308 broilers were randomly allocated to 78 floor pens on hatching day with 6 treatments replicated 13 times with 18 birds per *** treatments were:UCC,unchallenged control;CHC,challenged control;BAC,challenged group plus zinc bacitracin;SMP,challenged group plus additive SMP;SMF,challenged group plus additive SMF;SHM,challenged group plus additive *** were challenged with field-strain Eimeria *** d 9 and Clostridium perfringens on d *** challenged with NE increased fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran(FITC-d)concentration in serum,reduced acetate and butyrate concentrations,and increased Bacteroides and *** load in the caeca(P0.05).The SMP group had a higher load compared to BAC(P<0.05).These findings

关键词： Organic acid blend Alternative to antibiotics Intestinal health Necrotic enteritis Broiler chicken

Respiratory plasticity following spinal cord injury:perspectives from mouse to man

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第10期17卷 2141-2148页

作者： Katherine C.Locke Margo L.Randelman Daniel J.Hoh Lyandysha V.Zholudeva Michael A.lane Department of Neurobiology&Anatomy Drexel UniversityPhiladelphiaPAUSA Marion Murray Spinal Cord Research Center PhiladelphiaPAUSA Lillian S.Wells Department of Neurosurgery University of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA Cardiovascular Disease Gladstone InstitutesSan FranciscoCAUSA

The study of respiratory plasticity in animal models spans *** the bench,researchers use an array of techniques aimed at harnessing the power of plasticity within the central nervous system to restore respiration following spinal cord *** field of research is highly clinically *** living with cervical spinal cord injury at or above the level of the phrenic motoneuron pool at spinal levels C3-C5 typically have significant impairments in breathing which may require assisted *** who are ventilator dependent are at an increased risk of ventilator-associated co-morbidities and have a drastically reduced life ***-clinical research examining respiratory plasticity in animal models has laid the groundwork for clinical *** how widely researched this injury is in animal models,relatively few treatments have broken through the preclinical *** three goals of this present review are to define plasticity as it pertains to respiratory function post-spinal cord injury,discuss plasticity models of spinal cord injury used in research,and explore the shift from preclinical to clinical *** investigating current targets of respiratory plasticity research,we hope to illuminate preclinical work that can influence future clinical investigations and the advancement of treatments for spinal cord injury.

关键词： breathing phrenic plasticity rehabilitation respiration spinal cord injury translation

Sensitivity of the electronic and magnetic structures of cuprate superconductors to density functional approximations

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npj Computational Materials 2022年第1期8卷 266-276页

作者： Kanun Pokharel Christopher lane James W.Furness Ruiqi Zhang Jinliang Ning Bernardo Barbiellini Robert SMarkiewicz Yubo Zhang Arun Bansil Jianwei Sun Department of Physics and Engineering Physics Tulane UniversityNew OrleansLA70118USA Theoretical Division Los Alamos National LaboratoryLos AlamosNM87545USA Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies Los Alamos National LaboratoryLos AlamosNM87545USA Department of Physics School of Engineering ScienceLUT UniversityFI-53851LappeenrantaFinland Physics Department Northeastern UniversityBostonMA02115USA

We discuss the crystal,electronic,and magnetic structures of La_(2−x)Sr_(x)CuO_(4)(LSCO)for x=0.0 and x=0.25 employing 13 density functional approximations,representing the local,semi-local,and hybrid exchange-correlation approximations within the Perdew–Schmidt *** meta-generalized gradient approximation(meta-GGA)class of functionals is found to perform well in capturing the key properties of LSCO,a prototypical high-temperature cuprate *** contrast,the localspin-density approximation,GGA,and the hybrid density functional fail to capture the metal-insulator transition under doping.

关键词： functional electronic approximation

Metformin treatment of high-fat diet-fed obese male mice restores sperm function and fetal growth,without requiring weight loss

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2020年第6期22卷 560-568页

作者： Nicole O McPherson Michelle lane Robinson Research Institute School of MedicineUniversity of AdelaideAdelaide 5005Australia Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health University of AdelaideAdelaide 5005Australia Repromed Dulwich 5065Australia Monash IVF Group Melbourne 3000Australia.

Male obesity is associated with subfertility and increased disease risk of *** is unknown if effects can be reversed through pharmacological ***-to 6-week-old C57BL6 male mice were fed control diet(n=10,CD)or high-fat diet(n=20,HFD)for 16 *** fed with a HFD were then allocated to continuation of HFD(n=8)or HFD with metformin 28 mg kg1 day-1(n=8)for 6 *** fed with CD continued on a CD(n=9).Males were mated with fertile C57BL6 females for the assessment of pregnancy and fetal *** motility,spermatozoa and testicular morphology,sperm-zona pellucida binding,sperm reactive oxygen species(ROS)(intracellular[DCFDA],superoxide[MSR],and oxidative DNA lesions[8OHdG]),and mitochondrial membrane potential(JC1)were *** treatment of HFD males improved glucose toleranee(+12%,P<0.05)and reduced Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance(HOMA-IR;-36%,P<0.05).This occurred in the absenee of a change in body weight or *** treatment of HFD-fed males restored testicular morphology(+33%,P<0.05),sperm motility(+66%,P<0.05),sperm-zona pellucida binding(+25%,P<0.05),sperm intracellular ROS concentrations(-32%,P<0.05),and oxidative DNA lesions(-45%,P<0.05)to the levels of the CD *** treatment of HFD fathers increased fetal weights and lengths compared with those born to HFD fathers(+8%,P<0.05),with fetal lengths restored to those of fetuses of CD ***-term metformin treatment in men who are obese could be a potential intervention for the treatment of subfertility,without the need for a reduction in body weight/adiposity.

关键词： fertility glucose metabolic syndrome overweight subfertility

Monkeypox claims new victims: the outbreak in men who have sex with men

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2022年第4期11卷 91-93页

作者： Xiaoning Liu Zheng Zhu Yun He Jia Wen Lim Bethany lane Hui Wang Qiaoli Peng Liqin Sun Hongzhou Lu Department of Infectious Diseases National Clinical Research Center for Infectious DiseasesThe Third People's Hospital of ShenzhenShenzhen 518112GuangdongChina National Heart&Lung Institute Faculty of MedicineImperial College LondonLondonUK School of Nursing Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina Fudan University Centre for Evidence-Based Nursing:A Joanna Briggs Institute Centre of Excellence ShanghaiChina NYU Rory Meyers College of Nursing New York UniversityNew YorkNYUSA St Bartholomew's Hospital LondonUK

Monkeypox has a very prominent regional *** has been confined to Western and Central African *** cases found in countries outside Africa generally have a history of sojourn in endemic ***,the recent multinational outbreak of monkeypox cases in Europe in early May 2022 has revealed a changing epidemiological trend,those confirmed cases had no sojourn history in endemic areas and with a high proportion of cases involving men who have sex with men(MSM).Among the MSM cases,many of them presented atypical clinical manifestations of monkeypox and with other sexually transmitted diseases *** with the high social interactivity in this community,there is likely a higher risk of monkeypox transmission in this *** an infectious disease surveillance system,maintaining highly vigilant regarding the transmission of monkeypox in MSM,and responding promptly are necessary and effective measures to contain the outbreak.

关键词： Monkeypox Men have sex with men Public health Infectious diseases