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矿物岩石地球化学通报 2019年第5期38卷 997-997页

作者： thomson A R Crichton W A Brodholt j P Wood I G Siersch N C Muir j M R Dobson D P Hunt S A 夏群科

地震波记录了下地幔中的各种不均一性,然而这些信号究竟反映的是热学还是化学上的特征尚无定论,因而地震学所包含的有关深部地球性质的信息还不太明确。对观察到的地震波速的精确解译需要对地球上可能存在的所有矿物的地震学性质有所了解。

关键词：地震波速不均一性地震学剪切波速下地幔钙钛矿硅酸钙

Morphology and efficiency enhancements of PTB7-Th:ITIC nonfullerene organic solar cells processed via solvent vapor annealing

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journal of Energy Chemistry 2019年第10期28卷 148-156页

作者： Robert S. Gurney Wei Li Yu Yan Dan Liu Andrew j. Pearson Tao Wang School of Materials Science and Engineering Wuhan University of TechnologyWuhan 430070HubeiChina State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures Wuhan University of TechnologyWuhan 430070HubeiChina Cavendish Laboratory University of CambridgeJ. J. Thomson AvenueCambridge CB3 0HEUK

The nanoscale morphology within the photoactive layer of organic solar cells is critical in determining the power conversion efficiency (PCE). Here, we draw attention to the roles of molecular arrangement, and domain size in improving performance, which can be tuned by subjecting the photovoltaic materials to solvent vapor annealing (SVA). In our PTB7-Th:ITIC devices, the PCE can be improved by exposing the device to solvent vapor for 60 s after solution casting. The solvent vapor prolongs reorganizational time and increases molecular ordering and domain size/phase separation, which are sub-optimal in pristine PTB7-Th:ITIC blend films. This improved morphology results in better charge mobility, reduced recombination, and ultimately an improved PCE from 7.1% to 7.9% when using CS2 as the annealing solvent. This simple SVA technique can be applied to a range of OPV systems where the molecular ordering is inferior within the as-cast photoactive layer.

关键词： Polymer solar cells Non-fullerene Solvent vapor annealing

The impact of weather on summer and winter exercise behaviors

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journal of Sport and Health Science 2019年第1期8卷 39-45页

作者： Abram L.Wagner Florian Keusch Ting Yan Philippa j.Clarke Department of Epidemiology University of Michigan Institute for Social Research University of Michigan

Background: Outdoor exercise is an enjoyable way for individuals to improve fitness, but it is dependent on weather conditions. This study examines the association between weather conditions and outdoor exercise after adjustment for age, sex, race, and socioeconomic ***: We used data representative of American adults from the University of Michigan/thomson Reuters june 2013 surveys of consumers(core and supplement) to investigate self-reported exercise behavior in summer and winter. Multivariate multinomial logistic regression models estimated the odds of delayed or indoor exercise compared with outdoor ***: Of the 502 respondents, 16.3% did not regularly exercise outdoors(i.e., at least once a week), and many would delay exercise both in summer(51.8%) and winter(43.9%). Individuals listing rain as the predominant adverse weather condition had 3.33 times higher odds of exercising indoors(95% confidence interval(CI): 1.34-8.28) and 3.49 times higher odds of delaying exercise(95%CI: 1.69-7.21) compared with those mentioning heat as the predominant adverse condition. Individuals for whom ice or snow was an adverse winter weather condition were more likely to delay exercise(odds ratio(OR) = 3.34; 95%CI: 1.19-9.36), compared with those concerned with ***: This study found that race, age, and education exacerbate the negative effects of adverse weather conditions on the decision to exercise outdoors. Accordingly, any recommendation for an individual to exercise outdoors should be combined with an evaluation of the individual's outdoor environment along with strategies for the individual to continue exercising, indoors or outdoors, when adverse weather is present.

关键词： Outdoor exercise Physical activity Rain Seasons Snow Survey

Scanning electron microscope as a flexible tool for investigating the properties of UV-emitting nitride semiconductor thin films

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Photonics Research 2019年第11期7卷 I0017-I0026页

作者： C.Trager-Cowan A.Alasmari W.Avis j.Bruckbauer P.R.Edwards B.Hourahine S.Kraeusel G.Kusch R.johnston G.Naresh-Kumar R.W.Martin M.Nouf-Allehiani E.Pascal L.Spasevski D.thomson S.Vespucci P.j.Parbrook M.D.Smith j.Enslin F.Mehnke M.Kneissl C.Kuhn T.Wernicke S.Hagedorn A.Knauer V.Kueller S.Walde M.Weyers P.-M.Coulon P.A.Shields Y.Zhang L.jiu Y.Gong R.M.Smith T.Wang A.Winkelmann Department of physics supauniversity of strathclydeglasgow G4 onguk Tyndall national institute university college corkcork t12 r5cpireland Institute of solid state physics lechnische universitat berlin10623 berlingermany Ferdinand-braun-lnstitut leibniz-lnstitut fur hochstfrequenztechnik12489 berlingermany Department of electronic and electrical engineering centre of nanoscience&nanotechnologyuniversity of bathbath ba27ayuk Department of electronic and electrical engineering university of sheffieldsheffield s13jduk Laser components department laser zentrum hannover 5.v.30419 hannovergermany

In this paper we describe the scanning electron microscopy techniques of electron backscatter diffraction, electron channeling contrast imaging, wavelength dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and cathodoluminescence hyperspectral imaging. We present our recent results on the use of these non-destructive techniques to obtain information on the topography, crystal misorientation, defect distributions, composition, doping, and light emission from a range of UV-emitting nitride semiconductor structures. We aim to illustrate the developing capability of each of these techniques for understanding the properties of UV-emitting nitride semiconductors, and the benefits were appropriate, in combining the techniques.

关键词： electron nitride doping

Insensitivity of a turbulent laser-plasma dynamo to initial conditions

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2022年第4期7卷 50-64页

作者： A.F.A.Bott L.Chen P.Tzeferacos C.A.j.Palmer A.R.Bell R.Bingham A.Birkel D.H.Froula j.Katz M.W.Kunz C.-K.Li H-S.Park R.Petrasso j.S.Ross B.Reville D.Ryu F.H.Séguin T.G.White A.A.Schekochihin D.Q.Lamb G.Gregori Department of Physics University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom Department of Astrophysical Sciences University of PrincetonPrincetonNew Jersey 08544USA Department of Physics and Astronomy University of RochesterRochesterNew York 14627USA Laboratory for Laser Energetics University of RochesterRochesterNew York 14623USA School of Mathematics and Physics Queens University BelfastBelfastUnited Kingdom Rutherford Appleton Laboratory ChiltonDidcotUnited Kingdom Department of Physics University of StrathclydeGlasgowUnited Kingdom Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMassachusetts 02139USA Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory LivermoreCalifornia 94550USA Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik HeidelbergGermany Department of Physics School of Natural SciencesUNISTUlsanSouth Korea Department of Physics University of NevadaRenoNevada 89557USA Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics University of ChicagoChicagoIllinois 60637USA

It has recently been demonstrated experimentally that a turbulent plasma created by the collision of two inhomogeneous,asymmetric,weakly magnetized,laser-produced plasma jets can generate strong stochastic magnetic fields via the small-scale turbulent dynamo mechanism,provided the magnetic Reynolds number of the plasma is sufficiently *** this paper,we compare such a plasma with one arising from two pre-magnetized plasma jets whose creation is identical save for the addition of a strong external magnetic field imposed by a pulsed magnetic field *** investigate the differences between the two turbulent systems using a thomson-scattering diagnostic,x-ray selfemission imaging,and proton *** thomson-scattering spectra and x-ray images suggest that the external magnetic field has a limited effect on the plasma dynamics in the *** the external magnetic field induces collimation of the flows in the colliding plasma jets and although the initial strengths of the magnetic fields arising from the interaction between the colliding jets are significantly larger as a result of the external field,the energies and morphologies of the stochastic magnetic fields post-amplification are *** conclude that,for turbulent laser-plasmas with supercritical magnetic Reynolds numbers,the dynamo-amplified magnetic fields are determined by the turbulent dynamics rather than the seed fields or modest changes in the initial flow dynamics of the plasma,a finding consistent with theoretical expectations and simulations of turbulent dynamos.

关键词： turbulent initial stochastic

日粮中添加不同血液制品饲喂断奶仔猪后的的氨基酸消化率比较

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饲料博览 2013年第6期23卷 23-23页

作者： Almeida F N Htoo j K thomson j Stein H H

断奶仔猪日粮中常使用血液制品,但不同加工工艺生产出的血液制品可能会导致其对氨基酸(AA)消化率的不同。然而,断奶仔猪对不同血液制品之间AA的标准化回肠消化率(SID)数据的比较尚未见报道。因此,试验旨在比较不同血液制品中粗蛋白质(CP... 详细信息

断奶仔猪日粮中常使用血液制品,但不同加工工艺生产出的血液制品可能会导致其对氨基酸(AA)消化率的不同。然而,断奶仔猪对不同血液制品之间AA的标准化回肠消化率(SID)数据的比较尚未见报道。因此,试验旨在比较不同血液制品中粗蛋白质(CP)和AA的SID值,选用喷雾干燥血(SDAB)、喷雾干燥血细胞(SDBC)、喷雾干燥血浆蛋白(SDPP)、禽类血粉(ABM)和猪血粉(PBM)饲喂断奶仔猪。试验选用去势公猪(初始体重11.5±1.1kg)7头,在其回肠末端配有T形套管,采用7×7拉丁方试验设计。对照组饲喂含酪蛋白的基础日粮,5个处理组分别添加不同血液制品和酪蛋白的混合物。采用无氮日粮测定AA和CP的基础内源性损失。试验结果表明,SDAB、SDBC和SDPP处理组的CP的SID值极显著高于ABM和PBM处理组(P0.05)。SDAB、SDBC和SDPP处理组必需氨基酸和总氨基酸的SID均值均极显著高于ABM和PBM处理组(P<0.01)。总之,SDAB,SDBC和SDPP处理组AA的SID值高于ABM和PBM处理组,提示断奶仔猪日粮中添加喷雾干燥血液制品优于血粉。断奶仔猪日粮中添加猪血粉和禽类血粉对AA的SID值影响的效果相同。

关键词：断奶仔猪日粮氨基酸消化率血液制品饲喂回肠消化率加工工艺粗蛋白质标准化

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扩大的主动脉弓修补术治疗主动脉缩窄的效果

世界核心医学期刊文摘（心脏病学分册） 2006年第5期2卷 35-35页

作者： thomson j.D.R Mulpur A Guerrero R. 田志 Department of Paediatric Cardiology Jubilee Wing Leeds General Infirmary Leeds LS1 3EX United KingdomDr.

Objectives: To assess survival and long term arch patency rates in a consecutive group of children after extended arch repair for coarctation of the aorta. Methods: Review of 191 consecutive children(154(81% ) under 1 year of age) operated on between 1990 and 2002 by a single surgeon using extended arch reconstructive techniques. For assessment of survival patients were divided into three groups: 1, coarctation alone, n=104; 2, coarctation and ventricular septal defect, n=38; and 3, coarctation in association with complex intracardiac anomalies, n=49. A prospective and systematic clinical and echocardiographic evaluation of the aortic arch was undertaken. Results: Median time to follow up was 4.2 years(range 1-10.6 years). Overall actuarial survival was 92% , 88% , and 88% at two, five, and 10 years. Mortality was significantly higher in those patients with complex intracardiac anatomy. Arch obstruction recurred in seven of 165(4.2% ) patients: four of 139(2.9% ) term and three of 10(30% ) premature infants(p < 0.001). Conclusions: Survival after extended arch reconstruction for coarctation is excellent. At long follow up recurrent arch obstruction is rare, with prematurity the only risk factor.

关键词：主动脉弓阻塞主动脉缩窄修补术治疗心内畸形血管通畅率室间隔缺损超声心动图生存率重建技术

环境温度和饲料营养浓度对生长期新西兰母兔水平衡的影响

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中国动物营养学报 1992年第1期4卷 60-60页

作者：金岭梅 D.j.Farrell E.thomson 甘肃草原生态研究所 Department of Biochemistry Microbiology and NutritionUniversity of New EnglandAustralia

拟在已往基础上测定分别处于两种不同环境温度、采食两种不同营养浓度日粮的生长期新西兰母兔的水平衡,为家兔饲养科学化提供理论依据。实验选用6只9周龄新西兰母兔,实验在特制的家兔水平衡测试柜中进行。所处的环境温度分别为20±2℃... 详细信息

拟在已往基础上测定分别处于两种不同环境温度、采食两种不同营养浓度日粮的生长期新西兰母兔的水平衡,为家兔饲养科学化提供理论依据。实验选用6只9周龄新西兰母兔,实验在特制的家兔水平衡测试柜中进行。所处的环境温度分别为20±2℃和30±2℃,采食两种不同营养浓度:日粮营养水平实测值分别为DE12.22Kj/g和ME13.49Kj/g;粗蛋白质(CP)

关键词：新西兰白免水平衡绝对温度营养浓度

SOLIDIFICATION OF NICKEL-BASED SINGLE CRYSTAL SUPERALLOY BY ELECTRIC FIELD

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2005年第6期18卷 679-685页

作者： Y.S. Yang X.H. Feng G.F. Cheng Y.j. Li Z.Q. Hu Institute of Metal Research The Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang 110016China

The crystal growth of a nickel-based single crystal superalloy DD3 was researched via controlled directional solidification under the action of a DC electric field. The cellular or dendrite spacing of the single crystal superalloy is refined and microsegregation of alloying elements Al, Ti, Mo and W, is reduced by the electric field. The electric field decreases the interface stability and reduces the critical growth rate of the ceUular-dendritic translation because of thomson effect and joule heating. The precipitation of the γ＇ phase is more uniform and the size of the γ＇ phase is smaller with the electric field than that without the electric field.

关键词： single crystal superalloy DC electric field crystal growth segregation,γ' phase

Sequential storage and release of microdroplets

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2021年第5期7卷 151-160页

作者： Zenon Toprakciogl Tuomas P.j.Knowles Centre for Misfolding Diseases Yusuf Hamied Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeLensfield RoadCambridge CB21EWUK Cavendish Laboratory Department of PhysicsUniversity of CambridgeJ J Thomson AvenueCambridge CB3 OHEUK

Droplet microfluidic methods have opened up the possibility of studying a plethora of phenomena ranging from biological to physical or chemical processes at ultra low volumes and high throughput.A key component of such approaches is the ability to trap droplets for observation,and many device architectures for achieving this objective have been developed.A challenge with such approaches is,however,recovering the droplets following their confinement for applications involving further ***,we present a device capable of generating,confining and releasing microdroplets in a sequential *** a combination of experimental and computational simulations,we shed light on the key features required for successful droplet storage and ***,we explore the effect of the flow rate of the continuous phase on droplet release,determining that a critical rate is needed to ensure complete droplet deformation through constrictions holding the droplets in place prior to ***,we find that once released,droplets can be retrieved and collected off *** ability to generate,store and sequentially release droplets renders such a device particularly promising for future applications where reactions may not only be monitored on-chip,but droplets can also be retrieved for further analysis,facilitating new exploratory avenues in the fields of analytical chemistry and biology.

关键词： deformation release render