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Perceived Adverse Effects of Separating Government Institutions for disaster Risk Reduction and Climate Change Adaptation Within the Southern African development Community Member States

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International Journal of disaster Risk Science 2021年第1期12卷 1-12页

作者： Livhuwani d.Nemakonde d.wald.van niekerk Per Becker Sizwile Khoza African Centre for disaster Studies Unit for Environmental Sciences and ManagementNorth-West UniversityPotchefstroom 2522South Africa Lund University Centre for Risk Assessment and Management(LUCRAM) Lund University22100 LundSweden

Integration of disaster risk reduction(dRR)and climate change adaptation(CCA)is widely recognized as a solution for reducing the risk and impacts of ***,successful integration seems elusive,and the two goals continue to function in isolation and in *** article provides empirical insights into the perceived effects of separating government institutions for dRR and CCA within the Southern African development Community member states.A mixed method research design was applied to the study.A total of 40 respondents from Botswana,Eswatini(until April 2018 Swaziland),Madagascar,Malawi,Namibia,South Africa,Tanzania,Zambia,and Zimbabwe participated in face-to-face interviews or an online *** major effects of separating the organizations for dRR and CCA that impede efforts to reduce disaster risk coherently were identified:duplication of services,polarization of interventions,incoherent policies,competition for the same resources,and territorial *** the continued fragmentation of institutions for dRR and CCA,highlighting these effects is important to emphasize the need for integrated approaches towards the reduction of disaster risk.

关键词： Climate change adaptation disaster risk reduction Southern African development Community Sustainable development

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Model-Based Integrated Methods for Quantitative Estimation of Soil Salinity from Hyperspectral Remote Sensing data:A Case Study of Selected South African Soils

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Pedosphere 2012年第5期22卷 640-649页

作者： Z. E. MASHIMBYE M. A. CHO J. P. NELL W. P. dE CLERCQ A. van niekerk d. P. TURNER department of Soil Science Stellenbosch University Private Bag X1 Matieland 7602 (South Africa) Agricultural Research Council-Institute for Soil Climate and Water Private Bag X79 Pretoria 0001 (South Africa) department of Geography and Environmental Studies Stellenbosch University Private Bag X1 Matieland 7602 (South Africa) Council for Scientific and Industrial Research Natural Resources and the Environment P.O. Box 395 Pretoria 0001 (South Africa) School of Environmental Science University of Kwazulu-Natal Westville Campus Westville 3630 (South Africa)

Soil salinization is a land degradation process that leads to reduced agricultural yields. This study investigated the method that can best predict electrical conductivity (EC) in dry soils using individual bands, a normalized difference salinity index (NdSI), partial least squares regression (PLSR), and bagging PLSR. Soil spectral reflectance of dried, ground, and sieved soil samples containing varying amounts of EC was measured using an ASd FieldSpec spectrometer in a darkroom. Predictive models were computed using a training dataset. An independent validation dataset was used to validate the models. The results showed that good predictions could be made based on bagging PLSR using first derivative reflectance (validation R2 = 0.85), PLSR using untransformed reflectance (validation R2 = 0.70), NdSI (validation R2 = 0.65), and the untransformed individual band at 2257 nm (validation R2 = 0.60) predictive models. These suggested the potential of mapping soil salinity using airborne and/or satellite hyperspectral data during dry seasons.

关键词： electrical conductivity land degradation partial least squares regression salinity index spectral reflectance

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Financing disaster Risk Reduction:Exploring the Opportunities,Challenges,and Threats Within the Southern African development Community Region

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International Journal of disaster Risk Science 2023年第3期14卷 398-412页

作者： Christo Coetzee Sizwile Khoza Livhuwani d.Nemakonde Lesego B.Shoroma Gideon W.Wentink Maynard Nyirenda Steven Chikuse Tchaka Kamanga Kgosietsile Maripe Morenaogaufi J.Rankopo Lengwe-Katembula Mwansa d.wald.van niekerk African Centre for disaster Studies Unit for Environmental Science and ManagementNorth-West UniversityPotchefstroom 2520North West ProvinceSouth Africa Sustainable Growth and development Initiative Blantyre 312200Malawi department of Social Work University of BotswanaGaboroneBotswana

The Southern African development Community(SAdC)region,a regional economic body comprised of 16 member states,is one of our planet's most vulnerable regions to natural hazards,and has a complex disaster risk *** region has sustained several disasters over the past *** events include annual floods in 2004-2019 and extreme droughts(1990-1993);other climate-induced disasters,such as cyclones,also have had devastating impacts,particularly on the Indian Ocean island states and east coast *** reduce the risk and impacts of dis asters,governments must invest in disaster risk reduction(dRR).However,interventions aimed at reducing social and economic vulnerability and investing in longterm mitigation activities are often few,poorly funded,and insignificant in comparison with money spent on humanitarian assistance,dis aster relief,and post-disaster *** study investigated whether dRR is adequately funded within SAdC member states in light of the high stakes in human life,infrastructure,and economic losses and the potential savings *** study applied a qualitative research design with data collected through semistructured interviews and focus group *** were selected purposefully and through snowball sampling with a total of 67 respondents from Botswana,Eswatini,Namibia,South Africa,and Zimbabwe participating in the *** study findings reveal that dRR is inadequately funded in all the member states consulted in comparison to funding allocated to disaster *** light of the underfunding experienced by dRR activities,this study provides a platform for lobbying and advocacy for adequate funding for dRR.

关键词： Budget allocations disaster impacts disaster risk reduction Southern African development Community

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Productivity Evaluation of Four Medicago sativa Cultivars under Two Water Regimes (Irrigated and Non-Irrigated) and Two Soil Types at Bathurst Research Station in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa

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Agricultural Sciences 2022年第3期13卷 438-447页

作者： Mhlangabezi Solontsi Mfundo Phakama Maqubela Johan Adam van niekerk Jan Willem Swanepoel Gideon Jordaan Unathi Gulwa Sive Tokozwayo Nkululeko Nyangiwe department of Rural development and Agrarian Reform D&#246 hne AdI Stutterheim South Africa Centre for Sustainable Agriculture University of Free State Bloemfontein South Africa department of Rural development and Agrarian Reform Cradock Experimental Farm Cradock South Africa department of Agriculture and Animal Health University of South Africa Pretoria South Africa

Medicago sativa (lucerne) is a perennial and drought tolerant fodder crop which is widely used as feed for livestock in South Africa. This study evaluated four lucerne cultivars under two water regimes and also determined the effect of soil type on lucerne biomass production. To determine dry matter production per cultivar per treatment, a random grid (quadrant) sampling method was used and all biomass within that radius was cut to 5 cm above the ground level in each plot. All biomass sampling was done just before regrowth commences. Biomass data collection on four lucerne cultivars belonging to different dormancy groupings (WL 711, WL 525 HQ, KKS 9911 and SA Standard) were collected seasonally under different soil types on both irrigated and non-irrigated plots and analysed. Soil type (site) had a significant (P dry matter produced as more dry matter was produced in site 2 (S2) in comparison to site 1 (S2). different levels of water application (moisture supplementation) also affected the quantity of dry matter produced in each soil type. The once-a-month irrigation treatment (Ir1) led to the production of superior dry matter yield on SI even though the effect was not significant. In S2 twice a month irrigation treatment (Ir2) produced the highest dry matter, however, this effect was significant (P ductive cultivar in S1, while the same cultivar was the least productive cultivar in S2. These findings show that both soil type and irrigation levels had a significant (P dry matter production of the tested Lucerne cultivars belonging to different dormancy groupings.

关键词： Biomass Cultivar dry Matter dormancy Groupings

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