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Low-Level Antibiotic Resistance among Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative Pathogens from Infected Skin and Soft Tissues in Rural Kenya

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Open Journal of Medical Microbiology 2024年第1期14卷 23-38页

作者： justin.n.asinga Zubair Munshi Lillian Musila Ephantus Mbugua Geoffrey Omuse Gunturu Revathi department of Pathology Aga Khan University Nairobi Kenya department of Biomedical Sciences and Technology Technical University of Kenya Nairobi Kenya Institute of Science Technology and Innovation Pan-African University Nairobi Kenya United States Army Medical Research directorate—Africa Nairobi Kenya

Introduction: Bacterial skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) are a cause of frequent inpatient and outpatient care visits whose causative agents are associated with a high antimicrobial resistance burden. For insights on antimicrobial susceptibilities in a rural setting, we examined specimens from suspected SSTIs from two public health facilities in Kenya. We additionally assessed antibiotic use, appropriateness of empiric therapy and risk factors for SSTI. Methodology: Between 2021 and 2023, 265 patients at Kisii and nyamira County Referral hospitals were enrolled. Wound swabs/aspirates were collected and processed following standard microbiological procedures. Identification and antimicrobial susceptibility were performed using the VITEK 2 Compact platform. demographic, clinical, and microbiological data were analyzed with R Statistical software. Results: S. aureus was isolated in 16.2% (43/265) of patients with a methicillin resistance (MRSA) proportion of 14% (6/43). While 13/15 drugs elicited susceptibilities ranging from 84% - 100%, penicillin (16%) and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole [TMP-SXT] (23%) yielded the lowest susceptibilities. Escherichia coli (n = 33), Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 8), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 8), and Citrobacter species (n = 4) were the most commonly isolated gram-negative species. Gram-negative strains showed high susceptibilities to most of the tested drugs (71% - 100%) with the exception of ampicillin (18%), TMP-SXT (33%), and first and second generation cephalosporins. Conclusions: The low MRSA prevalence and generally high antibiotic susceptibilities for S. aureus and gram-negative bacteria present opportunities for antibiotic stewardship in the study setting. diminished susceptibilities against penicillin/ampicillin and TMP-SXT accord with prevailing local data and add a layer of evidence for their cautious empiric use.

关键词： S. aureus MRSA Gram-negative Bacteria Antimicrobial Resistance SSTIs Kenya

Insider Attack Prevention:LAPUP—Lightweight Authentication Protocol Using PUF

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Journal of Communications and Information networks 2024年第2期9卷 192-206页

作者： Siranjeevi Rajamanickam Satyanarayana Vollala n.Ramasubramanian department of Computer Engineering Government Polytechnic CollegeTiruchirappalli 620022India department of Computer Science and Engineering Dr.Shyama Prasad Mukherjee International Institute of Information Technology-Naya RaipurChhattisgarh 493661India department of Computer Science and Engineering National Institute of TechnologyTiruchirappalli 620015India

The incredible progress in technologies has drastically increased the usage of Web *** share their credentials like userid and password or use their smart cards to get authenticated by the application *** cards are handy to use,but they are susceptible to stolen smart card attacks and few other notable security *** prefer to use Web applications that guarantee for security against several security attacks,especially insider attacks,which is *** of several existing schemes prove the security pitfalls of the protocols from preventing security attacks,specifically insider *** paper introduces LAPUP:a novel lightweight authentication protocol using physically unclonable function(PUF)to prevent security attacks,principally insider *** PUFs are used to generate the security keys,challenge-response pair(CRP)and hardware signature for designing the *** transmitted messages are shared as hash values and encrypted by the keys generated by *** messages are devoid of all possible attacks executed by any attacker,including insider *** is also free from stolen verifier attacks,as the databases are secured by using the hardware signature generated by *** analysis of the protocol exhibits the strength of LAPUP in preventing insider attacks and its resistance against several other security *** evaluation results of the communication and computation costs of LAPUP clearly shows that it achieves better performance than existing protocols,despite providing enhanced security.

关键词： physically unclonable function(PUF) insiderattacks authenticationkeymanagementserver(AKMS) security

Aberrant adult neurogenesis in intractable epilepsy:can GABAergic progenitor transplantation normalize this process?

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neural Regeneration Research 2024年第7期19卷 1419-1420页

作者： Muhammad n.Arshad Janice R.naegele department of Biology Wesleyan UniversityMiddletownCTUSA department of neuroscience Tufts University School of MedicineBostonMAUSA

Temporal lobe epilepsy(TLE) is a common type of focal epilepsy characterized by seizure foci within the temporal *** surgical resection of the foci is an established and effective approach for controlling seizures,both temporal lobes cannot be removed,due to their prominent roles in learning and ***,seizures induce changes to the temporal lobes that contribute to hyperexcitability,including mossy fiber sprouting,astrogliosis.

关键词： epilepsy progenitor seizures

decomposition mechanisms of nuclear-grade cationic exchange resin by advanced oxidation processes:Statistical molecular fragmentation model and dFT calculations

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第1期135卷 433-448页

作者： Xiang Meng Pierre désesquelles Lejin Xu department of nuclear Engineering and Technology School of Energy and Power EngineeringHuazhong University of Science&TechnologyWuhan 430074China CnRS Laboratoire de Physique des Gaz et des PlasmasUniversitéParis-SaclayOrsay 91405France State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion School of Energy and Power EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China

The treatment and disposal of radioactive waste are presently facing great *** ion exchange resins have become a focus of attention due to their high production and serious environmental *** this paper,a simplified model of cationic exchange resin is proposed,and the degradation processes of cationic resin monomer initiated by hydroxyl radicals(·OH)are clarified by combining statistical molecular fragmentation(SMF)model and density functional theory(dFT)*** prediction of active sites indicates that the S-O bonds and the C-S bond of the sulfonic group are more likely to react during the *** meta-position of the sulfonic group on the benzene ring is the most active site,and the benzene ring without the sulfonic group has a certain *** C11-C14 and C17-C20 bonds,on the carbon skeleton,are the most easily *** is also found that dihydroxy addition and elimination reactions play a major role in the process of desulfonation,carbon skeleton cleavage and benzene ring *** decomposition mechanisms found through the combination of physical models and chemical calculations,provide theoretical guidance for the treatment of complex polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.

关键词： Cationic exchange resin Statistical molecular fragmentation model density functional theory Hydroxyl radical decomposition mechanism

In vivo astrocyte reprogramming following spinal cord injury

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neural Regeneration Research 2024年第3期19卷 487-488页

作者： Yannick n.Gerber Florence E.Perrin MMdn University of MontpellierEPHEINSERMMontpellierFrance Institut Universitaire de France(IUF) ParisFrance

Harmful and helpful roles of astrocytes in spinal cord injury(SCI):SCI induce gradable sensory,motor and autonomic impairments that correlate with the lesion severity and the rostro-caudal location of the injury *** absence of spontaneous axonal regeneration after injury results from neuron-intrinsic and neuron-extrinsic ***,not only adult neurons display limited capability to regrow axons but also the injury environment contains inhibitors to axonal regeneration and a lack of growth-promoting *** other cell populations that respond to the lesion,reactive astrocytes were first considered as only detrimental to spontaneous axonal ***,astrocytes.

关键词： injury impairment programming

Evaluation of slope stability through rock mass classification and kinematic analysis of some major slopes along nH-1A from Ramban to Banihal, north Western Himalayas

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2024年第1期16卷 167-182页

作者： Amit Jaiswal A.K.Verma T.n.Singh department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Indian Institute of Technology PatnaPatna801106India

The network of Himalayan roadways and highways connects some remote regions of valleys or hill slopes,which is vital for India’s socio-economic *** to natural and artificial factors,frequency of slope instabilities along the networks has been increasing over last few *** of stability of natural and artificial slopes due to construction of these connecting road networks is significant in safely executing these roads throughout the *** rock mass classification methods are generally used to assess the strength and deformability of rock *** study assesses slope stability along the nH-1A of Ramban district of north Western *** structurally and non-structurally controlled rock mass classification systems have been applied to assess the stability conditions of 14 *** evaluating the stability of these slopes,kinematic analysis was performed along with geological strength index(GSI),rock mass rating(RMR),continuous slope mass rating(CoSMR),slope mass rating(SMR),and Q-slope in the present *** SMR gives three slopes as completely unstable while CoSMR suggests four slopes as completely *** stability of all slopes was also analyzed using a design chart under dynamic and static conditions by slope stability rating(SSR)for the factor of safety(FoS)of 1.2 and 1 respectively.Q-slope with probability of failure(PoF)1%gives two slopes as stable *** slope angle has been determined based on the Q-slope safe angle equation and SSR design chart based on the *** value ranges given by different empirical classifications were RMR(37-74),GSI(27.3-58.5),SMR(11-59),and CoSMR(3.39-74.56).Good relationship was found among RMR&SSR and RMR&GSI with correlation coefficient(R 2)value of 0.815 and 0.6866,***,a comparative stability of all these slopes based on the above classification has been performed to identify the most critical slope along this road.

关键词： Rock mass classification Kinematic analysis Slope stability Himalayan road Static and dynamic conditions

Reconstructive surgery for phantom and residual limb pain in post-conflict settings

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Chinese Journal of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 2024年第1期6卷 54-55页

作者： damián Palafox Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery department Hospital Angeles PueblaPuebla 72190Mexico

Traumatic amputations remain one of the most frequent and disturbing wounds of armed *** this scenario,most amputees develop residual and phantom limb pain,impacting their quality of *** are several elective surgical procedures available for both conditions,such as neuroma excision followed by nerve reconstruction,nerve relocation,e.g.,surgically implanting a transected nerve into a muscle,nerve transfers in cases of associated paralysis,and most recently,regenerative peripheral nerve interface *** possible in the post-conflict phase,a coordinated effort between traveling humanitarian surgeons specializing in reconstructive microsurgery and local healthcare providers is essential for successfully treating phantom and chronic residual limb pain in post-conflict *** providing a detailed logistical framework for global humanitarian missions is beyond the scope of this article,we provide a brief perspective on a topic of utmost importance for reconstructive surgeons worldwide:the high-quality care and treatment of refugees and those whose lives have been impacted by conflict,disaster,or displacement.

关键词： Residual limb pain Phantom limb pain Refugees Reconstructive surgery Microsurgery Amputees

Calibration of the dEM sliding friction and rolling friction parameters of a cohesionless bulk material

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Particuology 2024年第9期92卷 126-139页

作者： Jonatan Marín Pérez Tugrul Comlekci Yevgen Gorash donald MacKenzie University of Strathclyde 75 Montrose StreetG11XJGlasgowUnited Kingdom

The discrete element method(dEM)has become a valuable tool for understanding the mechanical behaviour of granular assemblies,however,the accuracy of the dEM simulations depends on several interaction parameters such as the sliding friction and rolling friction ***,these parameters are estimated using bulk calibration approach(BCA)where the draw down test has been suggested as an effective way to approach these *** test provides up to four bulk criteria,the angle of repose,shear angle,mass flow rate and the mass loss which are used to narrow down the possible ***,there is still more research needed around it to fully understand how this methodology *** experimental and numerical study was carried out using the draw down test to assess the influence of different mass flow rates and particle shapes on dEM parameters for a cohesionless bulk *** is concluded that use of multi-sphere particles and three aperture sizes in the draw down test to calibrate the sliding and rolling friction parameters of a cohesionless bulk material can converge to a small feasible region in which a single combination of the friction coefficients can be *** calibrated sliding and rolling friction coefficients were validated using multi-sphere particles,where the maximum deviation was 5.9%from the experimental values.

关键词： discrete element method Calibration draw down Sliding friction Rolling friction Particle shape

Anti-obesity effects of fucoidan from Sargassum thunbergii in adipocytes and high fat diet induced obese mice through inhibiting adipogenic specific transcription factor

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2024年第3期13卷 1608-1616页

作者： Hyo-Geun Lee H.H.A.C.K.Jayawardhana Fengqi Yang d.P.nagahawaththa n.M.Liyanage Kyung-Mo Song Yun-Sang Choi Seung-Hong Lee You-Jin Jeon Min-Cheol Kang department of Marine Life Sciences Jeju National UniversityJeju 63243Republic of Korea Marine Science Institute Jeju National UniversityJeju 63333Republic of Korea Research Group of Food Processing Korea Food Research InstituteWanju 55365Republic of Korea department of Pharmoceutical Engineering Soonchunhyang UniversityAsan 31538Republic of Korea

The prevalence of obesity has increased and is a health concern *** to the concerns regarding synthetic anti-obesity treatments,nowadays natural products become a *** studies proved that there is a potential to use marine algae as anti-obesity ***,in this study,the lipid inhibitory effect of crude polysaccharide of amyloglucosidase-assisted hydrolysate from Sargassum thunbergii(STAC)and its fucoidan fractions(STAFs)on 3T3-L1 cells and high-fat diet(HFd)-induced obese mice were *** to the results,the STAF3,showed the highest xylose content and exhibited significant inhibitory effects on lipid accumulation by downregulating adipogenic and lipogenic proteins in 3T3-L1 ***,oral supplementation with STAC significantly declined gain in body weight and fat weight,and serum lipid contents in an HFd-induced obesity mouse *** and chemical characterizations demonstrated that puritied STAF3 has consistent surface morphology and small particle size,with similar structural characteristics as commercial ***,these results indicate that STAC and purified STAF3 from Sargassum thunbergia is a potent source to develop as ananti-obesity agents or functional food products to counter obesity.

关键词： Sargassum thunbergii Fucoidan Anti-obesity Anti-steatosis