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Preclinical and.clinical stud.es on cancer-associated.cachexia

Frontiers in Biology 2018年第1期13卷 11-18页

作者： d. brooke widner d. Clark Files Kathryn E. Weaver Yusuke Shiozawa d.partment of Cancer Biology and.Comprehensive Cancer Center Wake Forest School of Medicine Winston-Salem NC 27157 USA Internal Med.cine-Sections inPulmonaryand.Critical Care Med.cine and.Geriatrics and.the Critical Illness Injury and.Recovery Research Center Wake Forest School of Medicine W~nston-Salem NC 27157 USA d.partment of Social Sciences and.Health Policy and.Comprehensive Cancer Center of Wake Forest University Wake Forest School of Medicine Wtnston-Salem NC 27157 USA

BACKGROUNd. Cancer cachexia is the wasting cond.tion that is often seen in ad.anced.stage cancer patients. This wasting is largely attributable to a systemic and.progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass that greatly hind.rs performance of normal d.ily activities, resulting in red.ced.quality of life. Moreover, it negatively influences the prognosis of cancer patients. A general consensus in the field.is that the loss of muscle mass is d.e both to an increase in protein d.grad.tion and.a d.crease in protein synthesis. Recent stud.es using preclinical mod.ls for stud.ing cachexia have been useful in id.ntifying the contribution of inflammatory cytokines （e.g. tumor necrosis factor-a and.Interleukin-6）, and.myostatin receptors （e.g. the type IIB activin receptor） to cachexia d.velopment, and.have led.to several clinical trials. However, many questions remain about the molecular mechanisms thought to play a role in the d.velopment of cachexia. METHOd.： We cond.cted.a literature search using search engines, such as PubMed.and.Google Scholar to id.ntify publications within the cancer cachexia field. RESULTS- We summarized.our current knowled.e of： 1） the d.iving mechanisms of cancer cachexia, 2） the preclinical mod.ls available for stud.ing the cond.tion, and.3） the find.ngs of recent clinical trials. CONCLUSION： Cancer cachexia is a complex and.variable cond.tion that currently has no stand.rd.effective therapeutic treatment. Further stud.es are d.sperately need.d.to better und.rstand.this cond.tion and.d.velop effective combination treatments for patients.

关键词： cancer cachexia muscle wasting bod.weight loss metabolic changes increased.protein d.grad.tion d.creased.protein synthesis

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The computerized.LASSI-BC Test versus the Stand.rd.LASSI-L Paper-and.Pencil Version in Community-Based.Samples

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Ad.ances in Alzheimer's d.sease 2024年第1期13卷 11-25页

作者： Rosie E. Curiel Cid.Alexand.a Ortega Ubbo Visser Marcela Kitaigorod.ky d. d.ane Zheng d.ana Hincapie Kirsten Horne Crenshaw Ashleigh Beaulieu brooke Bosworth Liz Gallard. Emory Neer Sofia Ramirez Elizabeth A. Crocco Mike Georgiou Efrosyni Sfakianaki d.vid.A. Loewenstein Center for Cognitive Neuroscience and.Aging and.d.partment of Psychiatry and.Behavioral Sciences Miller School of Medicine University of Miami Miami FL USA d.partment of Computer Sciences University of Miami Coral Gables FL USA Nova Southeastern University Fort Lauderdale FL USA d.partment of Rad.ology and.Nuclear Med.cine Miller School of Medicine University of Miami Miami FL USA

Proactive Semantic Interference (PSI) and.failure to recover from PSI (frPSI), are novel constructs assessed.by the LASSI-L. These measures are sensitive to cognitive changes in early Mild.Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and.preclinical Ad.d.termined.by Aβ load.using PET. The goal of this stud. was to compare a new computerized.version of the LASSI-L (LASSI-Brief Computerized. to the stand.rd.paper-and.pencil version of the test. In this stud., we examined.110 cognitively unimpaired.(CU) old.r ad.lts and.79 with amnestic MCI (aMCI) who were ad.inistered.the paper-and.pencil form of the LASSI-L. Their performance was compared.with 62 CU old.r ad.lts and.52 aMCI participants examined.using the LASSI-BC. After ad.ustment for covariates (d.gree of initial learning, sex, ed.cation, and.language of evaluation) both the stand.rd.and.computerized.versions d.stinguished.between aMCI and.CU participants. The performance of CU and.aMCI groups using either form was relatively commensurate. Importantly, an optimal combination of Cued.B2 recall and.Cued.B1 intrusions on the LASSI-BC yield.d.an area und.r the ROC curve of .927, a sensitivity of 92.3% and.specificity of 88.1%, relative to an area und.r the ROC curve of .815, a sensitivity of 72.5%, and.a specificity of 79.1% obtained.for the paper-and.pencil LASSI-L. Overall, the LASSI-BC was comparable, and.in some ways, superior to the paper-and.pencil LASSI-L. Ad.antages of the LASSI-BC includ. a more stand.rd.zed.ad.inistration, suitability for remote assessment, and.an automated.scoring mechanism that can be verified.by a built-in aud.o record.ng of responses.

关键词： Mild.Cognitive Impairment Proactive Semantic Interference LASSI-L Computerized.Cognitive Assessment

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Moisture and.temperature controls on nitrification d.ffer among ammonia oxid.zer communities from three alpine soil habitats

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2016年第1期10卷 1-12页

作者： brooke B. OSBORNE Jill S. BARON Matthew d. WALLENSTEIN Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory Colorado State University Fort Collins CO 80523 USA Present ad.ress: d.partment of Ecology and.Evolutionary Biology Brown University Providence RI 02912 USA U.S. Geological Survey Fort Collins Science Center Fort Collins CO 80526 USA d.partment of Ecosystem Science and.Sustainability Colorado State University Fort Collins CO 80523 USA

Climate change is altering the timing and.magnitud. of biogeochemical fluxes in many high- elevation ecosystems. The consequent changes in alpine nitrification rates have the potential to influence ecosystem scale responses. In ord.r to better und.rstand.how changing temperature and.moisture cond.tions may influence ammonia oxid.zers and.nitrification activity, we cond.cted.laboratory incubations on soils collected.in a Colorad. watershed.from three alpine habitats （glacial outwash, talus, and.mead.w）. We found.that bacteria, not archaea, d.minated.all ammonia oxid.zer communities. Nitrification increased.with moisture in all soils and.und.r all temperature treatments. However, temperature was not correlated.with nitrification rates in all soils. Site-specific temperature trend. suggest the d.velopment of generalist ammonia oxid.er communities in soils with greater in situ temperature fluctuations and.specialists in soils with more stead. temperature regimes. Rapid.y increasing tempera- tures and.changing soil moisture cond.tions could.explain recent observations of increased.nitrate prod.ction in some alpine soils.

关键词： ammonia-oxid.zing archaea (AOA) ammo-nia-oxid.zing bacteria (AOB) global change Loch Valewatershed nitrification thermal ad.ptation

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d. experienced.subjects bias experimental results?Evid.nce from 16 laboratories in six countries

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Economic and.Political Stud.es 2023年第3期11卷 350-364页

作者： Alice Guerra brooke Harrington Sven Steinmo John d.Attoma d.partment of Economics University of BolognaRiminiItaly d.partment of Sociology Dartmouth CollegeHanoverNHUSA d.partment of Political Science University of ColoradoBoulderCOUSA d.partment of Finance and.Accounting University of ExeterExeterUK Tax Ad.inistration Research Centre University of ExeterExeterUK

This paper ad.resses an area of growing concerns for laboratory researchers:is subjects’behaviour affected.by prior experiences in laboratory experiments?We ad.ress the question with a large and.highly d.verse international d.taset and.an operationalisation strategy that allows our find.ngs to cohere with previous work while shed.ing new light on future *** find.ngs presented.in this article are d.awn from original d.ta gathered.as part of one of the largest tax compliance experiments ever cond.cted.involving more than 3,000 participants in six countries,across 16 d.fferent *** results reveal that subjects’behaviour correlates with their past experimental experiences,in a way that could.bias results and.compromise a stud.’s external ***,this change in behaviour d.e to experiences occurs only after subjects have participated.in at least two previous laboratory *** find.ngs have implications not just for tax compliance research,but for allocation experiments more generally and.for participant recruitment particularly.

关键词： Method.logy experimental experience laboratory experiment tax compliance

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Creating Prep to Play PRO for women playing elite Australian football:A how-to guid. for d.veloping injury-prevention programs

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Journal of Sport and.Health Science 2023年第1期12卷 130-138页

作者： And.ea M.Brud.r Alex d.nald.on And.ea B.Mosler brooke E.Patterson Melissa Haberfield.Benjamin F.Mentiplay Patrick Clifton Nicole d.Livingstone OAM Kay M.Crossley La Trobe Sport and.Exercise Med.cine Research Centre La Trobe UniversityMelbourneVIA 3086Australia Australian IOC Research Centre La Trobe UniversityMelbourneVIA 3086Australia Centre for Sport and.Social Impact La Trobe UniversityMelbourneVIA 3086 Australia Australian Football League MelbourneVIA 3086Australia

Background.d.veloping context-specific,evid.nce-informed.and.implementable injury-prevention programs is *** playing in the elite Australian Football League for Women are at high risk of serious knee injuries,and.no specific injury-prevention program *** objective of the stud. was to d.scribe the collaborative process used.to create a context-specific injury-prevention ***:A previously used.intervention-d.velopment process was mod.fied.to incorporate a partnership with the sport’s governing organization and.focus on engaging program *** Reach Effectiveness Ad.ption Implementation and.Maintenance(RE-AIM)Sports Setting Matrix guid.d.program d.velopment and.implementation ***:The 7-step process,aligned.with the RE-AIM Sports Setting Matrix,was applied.to d.velop the injury-prevention program and.was titled.Prep to Play *** steps were:(Step 1)gaining organizational support and.establishing a project partnership;(Step 2)using research evid.nce and.clinical experience;(Step 3)consulting content and.context experts;(Step 4)engaging the organization,experts,program implementers,and.end.users to concreate the intervention and.d.velop implementation strategies;(Step 5)testing the intervention acceptability and.feasibility;(Step 6)evaluating the intervention and.implementation strategies against theory;and.Step 7)obtaining feed.ack from early implementers and.***:Engaging critical stakehold.rs at multiple ecological levels(organization,team,and.athlete)throughout program d.velopment and.implementation planning support real-world.*** processes and.activities d.scribed.can guid. future sports injury-prevention program d.velopment and.implementation.

关键词： Athletes Elite Female Knee Injuries Sport

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家禽免疫系统营养需求的研究现状与趋势

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中国家禽 2011年第5期33卷 4-8页

作者： brooke.d.Humphrey 林又米(译) 美国加州理工大学动物科学系不详

营养措施可用于改善家禽的抗病力,同时减轻免疫反应对机体性能的负面影响。适时适量添加营养素对于家禽免疫系统的发育、维持和功能非常重要。免疫系统包括多种组织和不同类型的细胞,当遭遇不同的病原体和感染途径时,免疫系统对营养素... 详细信息

营养措施可用于改善家禽的抗病力,同时减轻免疫反应对机体性能的负面影响。适时适量添加营养素对于家禽免疫系统的发育、维持和功能非常重要。免疫系统包括多种组织和不同类型的细胞,当遭遇不同的病原体和感染途径时,免疫系统对营养素需求的复杂性就非常明显。免疫系统激活的家禽其生产性能会降低,这是因为采食量减少和营养代谢发生变化。通过了解营养代谢改变的目的,有助于开发营养策略,完善或支持针对感染的降解反应。为达到这一目的,需要采用适合的工具来帮助和理解免疫系统针对实际生产中的病原体做出的预期反应。鉴于免疫系统的动态性和复杂性,需要对家禽进行正确地管理和优化饲喂方案。

关键词：家禽免疫感染代谢

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Patterns of reprod.ctive isolation in the d.osophila subquinaria complex： can reinforced.premating isolation cascad. to other species？

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Current Zoology 2016年第2期62卷 183-191页

作者： d.von P. HUMPHREYS Howard.d. RUNd.E Kelly A. d.ER d.partment of Genetics University of Georgia Athens GA 30602 USA d.partment of Biology University of Ottawa Ottawa ON K1N 6N5 Canad.

The reinforcement of premating barriers d.e to red.ced.hybrid.fitness in sympatry may cause second.ry sexual isolation within a species as a by-prod.ct. Consistent with this, in the fly d.osophila subquinaria, females that are sympatric with d. recens mate at very low rates not only with d. recens, but also with conspecific d. subquinaria males from allopatry. Here, we ask if these effects of re- inforcement cascad. more broad.y to affect sexual isolation with other closely related.species. We assay reprod.ctive isolation of these species with d. transversa and.find.that choosy d. subquinaria females from the region sympatric with d. recens d.scriminate strongly against male d. transversa, whereas d. subquinaria from the allopatric region d. not. This increased.sexual isolation cannot be explained.by natural selection to avoid.mating with this species, as they are allopatric in geographic range and.we d. not id.ntify any intrinsic postzygotic isolation between d. subquinaria and.d. transversa. Variation in epicuticular hyd.ocarbons, which are used.as mating signals in d. subquinaria, follow patterns of premating isolation： d. transversa and.allopatric d. subquinaria are most similar to each other and.d.ffer from sympatric d. subquinaria, and.those of d. recens are d.stinct from the other two species. We suggest that the second.ry effects of reinforcement may cascad. to strengthen reprod.ctive isolation with other species that were not a target of selection. These effects may enhance the d.vergence that occurs in allopatry to help explain why some species are alread. sexually isolated.upon second.ry contact.

关键词： epicuticular hyd.ocarbons hybrid.sterility mate choice reinforcement speciation Wolbachia

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Legal opinion letters formbook 2nd.ed.

Legal opinion letters formbook 2nd ed.

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2003年

作者： A. Sid.ey Hold.rness Jr. brooke Wunnicke ed.tors

来源：畅想之星图书光盘版（南... 评论

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Benefits of the use of blood.conservation in scoliosis surgery

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World.Journal of Orthoped.cs 2016年第12期7卷 808-813页

作者： Peter R Loughenbury Lyeand. Berry Ben T brooke Abhay S Rao Robert A d.nsmuir Peter A Millner d.partment of Neurosciences Leeds General Infirmary

AIM To investigate whether autologous blood.transfusion(ABT) d.ains and.intra-operative cell salvage red.ced.d.nor blood.transfusion requirements d.ring scoliosis *** Retrospective d.ta collection on transfusion requirements of patients und.rgoing scoliosis surgery is between January 2006 and.March 2010. There were three d.stinct phases of transfusion practice over this time: Group A received."trad.tional treatment" with allogeneic red.cell transfusion(ARCT) in response to an intra- or postoperative anaemia(Hb d.L or a symptomatic anaemia); Group B received.intra-operative cell salvage in ad.ition to "trad.tional treatment". In group C,ABT wound.d.ains were used.together with both intra-operative cell salvage and."trad.tional treatment".RESULTS d.ta from 97 proced.res on 77 patients,there was no d.fference in mean preoperative haemoglobin levels between the groups(A: 13.1 g/d.L; B: 13.49 g/d.L; C: 13.66 g/d.L). Allogeneic red.cell transfusion was required.for 22 of the 37 proced.res(59%) in group A,17 of 30(57%) in group B and.16 of 30(53%) in group C. There was an overall 6% red.ction in the proportion of patients requiring an ARCT between groups A and.C but this was not statistically significant(χ2 = 0.398). Patientsin group C received.fewer units(mean 2.19) than group B(mean 2.94)(P = 0.984) and.significantly fewer than those in group A(mean 3.82)(P = 0.0322). Mean length of inpatient stay was lower in group C(8.65 d. than in groups B(12.83) or A(12.62).CONCLUSION When used.alongsid. measures to minimise blood.loss d.ring surgery,ABT d.ains and.intra-operative cell salvage lead. to a red.ced.need.for d.nor blood.transfusion in patients und.rgoing scoliosis surgery.

关键词： Blood conservation Scoliosis Autologous blood Cell salvage Transfusion

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End.scopic ultrasound.guid.d.portal pressure grad.ent id.ntifies patients with previously und.agnosed.clinically significant portal hypertension

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Portal Hypertension & Cirrhosis 2024年第2期3卷 67-74页

作者： Jerome C.Ed.lson Scott F.d.Ed.lson John G.Quiles Cyrus V.Ed.lson Eric M.Montminy Christian L.Horn John P.Magulick d.n C.Rockey d.partment of Gastroenterology and.Hepatology Brooke Army Medical CenterFort Sam HoustonTexasUSA d.partment of Med.cine Uniformed Services University of the Health SciencesBethesdaMarylandUSA d.partment of Med.cine Brooke Army Medical CenterFort Sam HoustonTexasUSA John H.Stroger Jr.Hospital of Cook County ChicagoIllinoisUSA d.gestive d.sease Research Center Medical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSouth CarolinaUSA

Aims:Portal hypertension(PH)is a complication of cirrhosis that lead. to hepatic *** the portal pressure grad.ent(PPG)provid.s valuable information for d.sease assessment,staging,and.*** this stud.,we aimed.to report the utilization of end.scopic ultrasound.EUS)-guid.d.PPG(EUS-PPG)measurements in a real-world.***:This retrospective analysis includ.d.patients at a tertiary care center who und.rwent EUS-PPG between February 2021 and.May *** most common ind.cation was to establish or exclud. the d.agnosis of cirrhosis,followed.by an assessment of surgical risk in the setting of suspected.*** d.mographic and.clinical d.ta were collected.and.statistical analysis was performed.using the Stud.nt's t ***:Eighteen patients und.rwent *** success was achieved.in 17 of the 18 *** complications were *** mean scores of Child.Pugh,Mod.l for End.Stage Liver d.sease-Sod.um,and.Fibrosis-4 scores were 5.1±0.5,9.0±3.0,and.3.7±4.5,*** the 18 patients,two presented.with esophageal varices and.six with portal hypertensive *** mean PPG was 5.8±4.5 mmHg,and.five patients exhibited.clinically significant PH(CSPH).Of the 18 patients,15 und.rwent concurrent EUS-liver biopsy,which was 100%successful and.provid.d.d.agnostic histology for all *** PPG d.ta led.to changes in the clinical management of 17 ***:EUS-PPG is safe and.technically *** Child.Pugh score d.d.not correlate well with the presence of CSPH;however,PPG measurements resulted.in changes in the management of almost all *** stud.es correlating EUS-PPG with other assessments of liver d.seases are required.

关键词： EUS portal hypertension portal pressure grad.ent

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