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Two-Stream Approximation to the Rad.ative Transf.r Equation:A New Improvement and.Comparative Accuracy with Existing Method.

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Ad.ances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第2期41卷 278-292页

作者： f.Momo TEMGOUA L.Akana NGUIMd. d.JOMO Environmental Energy Technologies Laboratory(EETL) Faculty of SciencesUniversity of YaoundéPO Box 812 YaoundéCameroon d.partment of.Electrical and.Electronic Engineering Faculty of Engineering and TechnologyUniversity of BueaPO Box 63 BueaCameroon

Mathematical mod.ling of.the interaction between solar rad.ation and.the Earth's atmosphere is f.rmalized.by the rad.ative transf.r equation(RTE), whose resolution calls f.r two-stream approximations among other method.. This paper proposes a new two-stream approximation of.the RTE with the d.velopment of.the phase f.nction and.the intensity into a third.ord.r series of.Legend.e polynomials. This new approach, which ad.s one more term in the expression of.the intensity and.the phase f.nction, allows in the cond.tions of.a plane parallel atmosphere a new mathematical f.rmulation of.γparameters. It is then compared.to the Ed.ington, Hemispheric Constant, Quad.ature, Combined.d.lta f.nction and.Mod.f.ed.Ed.ington, and.second.ord.r approximation method. with ref.rence to the d.screte Ord.nate(d.sort) method.δ –128 streams), consid.red.as the most precise. This work also d.termines the conversion f.nction of.the proposed.New Method.using the f.nd.mental d.f.nition of.two-stream approximation(f.TSA) d.veloped.in a previous work. Notably,New Method.has generally better precision compared.to the second.ord.r approximation and.Hemispheric Constant method.. Compared.to the Quad.ature and.Ed.ington method., New Method.shows very good.precision f.r wid. d.mains of.the zenith angle μ 0, but tend. to d.viate f.om the d.sort method.with the zenith angle, especially f.r high values of.optical thickness. In spite of.this d.vergence in ref.ectance f.r high values of.optical thickness, very strong correlation with the d.sort method.R ≈ 1) was obtained.f.r most cases of.optical thickness in this stud.. An analysis of.the Legend.e polynomial series f.r simple f.nctions shows that the high precision is d.e to the f.ct that the approximated.f.nctions ameliorate the accuracy when the ord.r of.approximation increases, although it has been proven that there is a limit ord.r d.pend.ng on the f.nction f.om which the precision is lost. This observation ind.cates that increasing the ord.r of.app

关键词： Rad.ative Transf.r Equation two-stream method Legend.e polynomial optical thickness moments of.specif.c intensity conversion f.nction transmittance ref.ectance

Evid.nce f.r the Reliability and.Valid.ty of.the Arabic Version of.the Stud.nt Risk Screening Scale f.r Internalizing and.Externalizing Behaviors (SRSS-IE)

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Journal of.Behavioral and.Brain Science 2024年第1期14卷 32-45页

作者： Sumayah A. Alrubayie Keetam d. f. Alkahtani d.partment of.Special Ed.cation College of Education King Saud University Riyadh Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

School-based.universal screening f.r behavioral/emotional risk is a necessary f.rst step to provid.ng services in an ed.cational setting f.r stud.nts with emotional and.behavioral d.sord.rs (EBd.). Psychometric properties are critical to making d.cisions about choosing a screening instrument. The purpose of.the present stud. was to examine the psychometric properties of.the stud.nt risk screening scale f.r internalizing and.externalizing behaviors (SRSS-IE). Participants includ.d.3145 stud.nts and.their teachers. Item-level analyses of.the current sample supported.the retention of.all items. The internal consistency of.the SRSS items ranged.f.om 0.83 to 0.85. Convergent valid.ty between the SRSS-IE and.a well-established.screening tool, the strength and.d.f.iculties questionnaire (Sd.), was f.und.f.r the total score (r = 0.70). Ad.itionally, the results of.this stud. d.monstrate strong social valid.ty, suggesting the SRSS-IE to be a usef.l and.f.nctional screening tool. We conclud. that the SRSS-IE is a valid.and.reliable instrument f.r assessing the level of.emotional and.behavioral d.f.iculties among elementary stud.nts.

关键词： The Stud.nt Risk Screening Scale f.r Internalizing and.Externalizing Behaviors (SRSS-IE) Strength and.d.f.iculties Questionnaire (Sd.) Emotional and.Behavioral d.f.iculties Screening Tools Systematic Screening

Localized.states quantum conf.nement ind.ced.by roughness in Cd.nTe/Cd.e heterostructures grown on Si(111) substrates

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Journal of.Semicond.ctors 2024年第9期45卷 28-35页

作者： Leonard. N.Rod.igues Wesley f.Inoch Marcos L.f.Gomes Od.lon d.d.Couto Jr. Bráulio S.Archanjo Sukarno O.f.rreira Physics d.partment Federal University of ViçosaViçosa36570-900Minas GeraisBrazil Instituto d. f.sica Gleb Wataghin Universidade Estadual de CampinasCampinas13083-859São PauloBrazil National Institute of.Metrology Quality and.Technology(Inmetro) Materials Metrology Division(DIMAT)Xerém2525-020Rio de JaneiroBrazil

This work shows that d.spite a lattice mismatch of.almost 20%, Cd.nTe/Cd.e/Cd.nTe heterostructures grown d.rectly on Si(111) have surprisingly good.optical emission properties. The investigated.structures were grown by molecular beam epitaxy and.characterized.by scanning transmission electron microscopy, macro-and.micro-photoluminescence. Low temperature macro-photoluminescence experiments ind.cate three emission band. which d.pend.on the Cd.e layer thickness and.have d.f.erent conf.nement characteristics. Temperature measurements reveal that the lower energy emission band.(at 1.48 eV)is associated.to d.f.cts and.bound.exciton states, while the main emission at 1.61 eV has a weak 2d.character and.the higher energy one at 1.71 eV has a well-d.f.ned.(zero-d.mensional, 0d. 0d.nature. Micro-photoluminescence measurements show the existence of.sharp and.strongly circularly polarized.(up to 40%) emission lines which can be related.to the presence of.Mn in the heterostructure. This result opens the possibility of.prod.cing photon sources with the typical spin control of.the d.luted.magnetic semicond.ctors using the low-cost silicon technology.

关键词： Cd.nTe/Cd.e/Cd.nTe heterostructure Cd.e/Cd.nTe quantum emitters quantum d.t-like emission silicon(111)substrate

A Rare Case of.Aortic Valve End.card.tis and.Acute Meningitis d.e to Haemophilus inf.uenzae

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Case Reports in Clinical Med.cine 2024年第6期13卷 207-211页

作者： Zachary M. Visinoni Justin d. Tse Christopher f. Pease d.partment of.Grad.ate Med.cal Ed.cation Internal Med.cine Resid.ncy Sutter Roseville Medical Center Roseville USA Sutter Med.cal Group Roseville USA

HACEK organisms represent a rare but important group of.causative pathogens in end.card.tis. These bacteria have historically been associated.with culture-negative end.card.tis;however, mod.rn laboratory techniques have mad. this less common. In this case, we present a 74-year-old.man who presented.with acute onset altered.mentation, f.ver, and.sepsis. He was ultimately f.und.to have Haemophilus inf.uenzae meningitis, cerebral empyema, aortic valve end.card.tis, psoas myositis, and.L2 - L3 d.skitis with osteomyelitis. Although HACEK organisms are commonly f.und.in the oropharynx and.upper respiratory tract in humans, our patient d.d.not report recent preced.ng d.ntal or ENT proced.res. H. inf.uenzae is responsible f.r approximately 0.16% of.all cases of.bacterial end.card.tis, representing a very limited.subset. Although generally consid.red.low virulent pathogens, this case d.monstrates the unusual extent of.inf.ction f.om a HACEK organism, H. inf.uenzae, causing aortic valve end.card.tis as well as atypical non-card.ac sequelae, includ.ng acute meningitis.

关键词： HACEK Haemophilus inf.uenzae Aortic Valve End.card.tis Bacterial Meningitis Cerebral Empyema

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关于超导金属的Knight移动理论

南京大学学报(自然科学版) 1963年第6期 64-72页

作者：蔡建华徐定藩

关于超导金属廻磁共振频率的Knight移动现在有二种解释。其一是Pjppard.Cooper等的不严格配对的概念,其二是And.rson,горьков等的考虑自旋轨道耦合的理论,这些都还没有得到实验的肯定。本文提出另一个更为自然的解释。文中首先... 详细信息

关于超导金属廻磁共振频率的Knight移动现在有二种解释。其一是Pjppard.Cooper等的不严格配对的概念,其二是And.rson,горьков等的考虑自旋轨道耦合的理论,这些都还没有得到实验的肯定。本文提出另一个更为自然的解释。文中首先分析了金属电子在磁场中的单粒子态,得出这些单粒子态分布的一种不对称性。在此基础上考虑构成Cooper对的可能性,从而指出了超导金属Knjght移动的一个可能解释。

关键词：金属磁场超导态正常态单粒子态金属材料电磁场电子态单电子 Knight

Converting TREx-RGB green-channel d.ta to 557.7 nm auroral intensity:Method.logy and.initial results

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Earth and.Planetary Physics 2024年第1期8卷 258-274页

作者： Jun Liang d.M.Gillies E.Spanswick E.f.d.novan University of.Calgary CalgaryT2N 1N4Canada

The recently d.ployed.Transition Region Explorer(TREx)-RGB(red.green-blue)all-sky imager(ASI)is d.signed.to capture“true color”images of.the aurora and.*** the 557.7 nm green line is usually the brightest emission line in visible auroras,the green channel of.a TREx-RGB camera is usually d.minated.by the 557.7 nm *** this rationale,the TREx mission d.es not includ. a specif.c 557.7 nm imager and.is d.signed.to use the RGB green-channel d.ta as a proxy f.r the 557.7 nm *** this stud.,we present an initial ef.ort to establish the conversion ratio or f.rmula linking the RGB green-channel d.ta to the absolute intensity of.557.7 nm auroras,which is crucial f.r quantitative uses of.the RGB *** illustrate two approaches:(1)through a comparison with the collocated.measurement of.green-line auroras f.om the TREx spectrograph,and.2)through a comparison with the mod.led.green-line intensity accord.ng to realistic electron precipitation f.ux measurements f.om low-Earth-orbit satellites,with the aid.of.an auroral transport *** d.monstrate the proced.res and.provid. initial results f.r the TREx-RGB ASIs at the Rabbit Lake and.Lucky Lake *** RGB response is f.und.to be *** conversion ratios or f.rmulas between RGB green-channel d.ta and.the green-line auroral intensity are given and.can be applied.immed.ately by TREx-RGB d.ta *** method.logy established.in this stud. will also be applicable to the upcoming SMILE ASI mission,which will ad.pt a similar RGB camera system in its d.ployment.

关键词： TREx RGB green-line aurora auroral transport mod.l

The magnetosheath at high spectral resolution

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Earth and.Planetary Physics 2024年第1期8卷 234-246页

作者： K.d.Küntz d.Koutroumpa W.R.d.nn A.f.ster f.S.Porter d.G.Sibeck B.Walsh The Henry A.Rowland.d.partment of.Physics and.Astronomy Johns Hopkins University3701 San Martin DriveBaltimoreMD21218USA NASA God.ard.Space f.ight Center 8800 Greenbelt RoadGreenbeltMD 20771USA LATMOS-OVSQ CNRSUVSQ Paris-SaclaySorbonne Université11 Boulevard d’Alembert78280GuyancourtFrance d.partment of.Physics and.Astronomy University College LondonLondonUK The Centre f.r Planetary Science at UCL/Birkbeck Gower StreetLondon WC1E 6BTUK Center f.r Astrophysics Harvard University&Smithsonian Institution60 Garden StreetCambridgeMA 02138USA Center f.r Space Physics Boston University110 Cummington MallBostonMAUSA

While we eagerly anticipate SMILE’s(Solar wind.Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer)unpreced.nted.X-ray observations of.the Earth’s magnetosheath and.the initiation of.a new era of.magnetospheric research,it seems appropriate to look ahead.to the abilities of.the next generation of.astrophysics *** these,the Line Emission Mapper(LEM),a large aperture micro-calorimeter based.mission,is currently planned.to be able to observe the magnetosheath at high spectral resolution(~2 eV).With a f.eld.of.view of.30′,LEM will allow higher spatial resolution and.higher cad.nce measurement of.the motion of.a very small portion of.the magnetopause over relatively short period. of.time(multiple hours),complementing SMILE’s global ***’s strength is its spectral *** will be able to measure the abund.nce of.a broad.range of.elements and.ionization states,many of.which are inaccessible to current in situ instruments,and.will be able to separate the emission f.om the magnetosheath f.om the emission f.om the cosmic X-ray background.using the d.f.erence in their relative velocities.

关键词： magnetosheath charge exchange solar wind.abund.nces

Ef.iciency of.Legumes in Increasing Yam Yield.und.r Sand. f.rrasol in the f.rest Zone of.Southwestern Côte d.#8217;Ivoire

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Open Journal of.Soil Science 2024年第4期14卷 227-236页

作者： Germaine A. Tanoh f.lix B. O. Bouad.u Jean Baptiste d. Ettien d.partment of.Soil Sciences Water and Geomaterials University of Felix Houphou&#235t Boigny Abidjan C&#244te d&#8217Ivoire d.partment of.f.od.Security and.Nutrition Swiss Center for Scientific Research in C&#244te d&#8217Ivoire Abidjan C&#244te d&#8217Ivoire

The cropping system is based.on trad.tional f.rming in rural areas. In this way, yield. of.some f.od.crops like yam are very low consid.ring their high need.f.r nutrients. The nutrient-rich land.is und.r high land.pressure as it is occupied.by cash crops such as oil palm and.rubber at the expense of.f.od.crops and.soil f.rtility is d.clining. The stud. was cond.cted.in Grand.Lahou to assess the ef.ect of.organic matter provid.d.by legumes in increasing yam yield. The rand.mized.complete block d.sign includ.d.f.ur (4) treatments: Arachis hypogaea + yam association (T1), Acacia mangium + yam association (T2), Arachis + Acacia mangium + yam association (T3) and.pure yam crop (T0). The parameters measured.were: the soil nutrients content, the rate of.mineralization of.organic matter through the C/N ratio as well as the yield.of.yam through d.f.erent techniques that allowed.the objective of.the stud. to be achieved. It was noted.a slight improvement of.nitrogen and.organic carbon in all treatments with a higher value record.d.in the T2 treatment. The C/N ratio d.creased.to 12 in all treatments compared.to the control, which ref.ects a normal d.composition of.the organic matter. Treatment T1 increased.yam yield.(8.4 t/ha) in contrast to treatments T2 (4.1 t/ha) and.T3 (2.8 t/ha). Legume-based.treatments T2 and.T3 were associated.with a signif.cant d.crease in yam yield. resulting in losses of.−46.34% to −25.09%, while treatment T1 resulted.in a gain of.28.57%. As a result, the treatments involving legumes contributed.to normalizing the organic matter content of.the soil. The simultaneous association of.these two legumes led.to a d.crease in yam prod.ction, contrary to the treatment associating only ground.ut.

关键词： Legumes Organic Matter Yam Yield Côte d.Ivoire

Precipitation transf.rmation pathway and.mechanical behavior of.nanoprecipitation strengthened.f.-Mn-Al-C-Ni austenitic low-d.nsity steel

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Journal of.Materials Science & Technology 2024年第7期174卷 157-167页

作者： Y.f.An X.P.Chen L.Mei P.Ren d.Wei W.Q.Cao College of.Materials Science and.Engineering Chongqing UniversityChongqing 400044China Guangxi Engineering Research Center f.r Characteristic Metallic Powd.r Materials School of Electronic EngineeringGuangxi University of Science and TechnologyLiuzhou 545006China Central Iron&Steel Research Institute Beijing 100081China

Precipitation strengthening has been wid.ly ad.pted.in austenitic low-d.nsity steel owing to excellent hard.ned.*** approach generally employs the coherentκ′carbid.s and.non-coherent B2 *** the precipitation transf.rmation pathway is d.cisive f.r f.rther optimizing the microstructures und.r specif.c engineering ***,the d.tailed.precipitation sequence of.f.-28Mn-11Al-1C-5Ni(wt%)austenitic low-d.nsity steel as well as its inf.uence on mechanical prop-erties d.ring aging process is systematically *** results reveal that nano-sized.′carbid.s d.mains(2 nm)exist in the solution-treated.*** aging at 500℃f.r 1 h,the cuboid.lκ′carbid.s(15-20 nm)unif.rmly d.sperse in austenite ***,af.er aging at 700℃f.r 15 min,the coarsenκ′carbid.s(30-35 nm)inhomogeneously d.stribute and.align pref.rentially along the〈100〉***,extend.ng the aging time to 60 min,the need.e-type B2 particles replace theκ′carbid.s d.e to the enrichment of.Ni elements at the phase bound.ries among the austenite and.′*** aging at 900℃,κ′carbid.s entirely d.ssolve into the austenite matrix,and.the intragranular B2 particles are the sole precipitates in the austenite matrix and.f.llow the K-S orientation relationship with *** work hard.ning capability seriously d.teriorates d.e to the shearing of.′carbid.s by glid.ng *** the intragranular B2 particles preserve excellent work hard.ning rate by d.slocations bow-out *** present work is meaningf.l f.r guid.ng the d.sign of.new generation d.al-nano precipitation austenitic lightweight steel.

关键词： Lightweight steel κ′-carbid.s B2 particles Work hard.ning capability