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An e.ficie.t Multi-Scale.Mod.lling Approach for ssd.A Motion in Fluid.Flow

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Journal of Bionic e.gine.ring 2008年第4期5卷 299-307页

作者： M. Be.ke.e. Shapiro d. d.ikakis Fluid.Me.hanics and.Computational Scie.ce.Group Department of Aerospace Sciences Cranfield University

The.pape. pre.e.ts a multi-scale.mod.lling approach for simulating macromole.ule. in fluid.flows. Macromole.ule.transport at low numbe. d.nsitie. is fre.ue.tly e.counte.e.0}in biome.0}cal d.vice., such as se.arators, d.te.tion and.analysis syste.s. Accurate.mod.lling of this proce.s is challe.ging d.e.to the.wid. range.of physical scale. involve.0} The.continuum approach is not valid.for low solute.conce.trations, but the.large.time.cale. of the.fluid.flow make.pure.y mole.ular simulations prohibitive.y e.pe.sive. A promising multi-scale.mod.lling strate.y is provid.d.by the.me.a-mod.lling approach consid.re.0}in this pape.. Me.a-mod.ls are.base.0}on the.couple.0}solution of fluid.flow e.uations and.e.uations of motion for a simplifie.0}me.hanical mod.l of macromole.ule.. The.approach e.able. simulation of ind.vid.al macromole.ule. at macroscopic time.scale.. Me.a-mod.ls ofte. re.y on particle.corre.tor algorithms, which impose.le.gth constraints on the.me.hanical mod.l. Lack of robustne.s of the.particle.corre.tor algorithm e.ploye.0}can le.d.to slow conve.ge.ce.and.nume.ical instability. A ne. FAst Line.r COrre.tor （FALCO） algorithm is introd.ce.0}in this pape., which significantly improve. computational e.ficie.cy in comparison with the.wid.ly use.0}SHAKe.algorithm. Valid.tion of the.ne. particle.corre.tor against a simple.analytic solution is pe.forme.0}and.improve.0}conve.ge.ce.is d.monstrate.0}for ssd.A motion in a lid.d.ive. micro-cavity.

关键词： multi-scale.mod.lling d.A macromole.ule.transport me.a-mod.lling particle.corre.tor

How d.e. male.male.compe.ition ge.e.ate.ne.ative.fre.ue.cy-d.pe.d.nt se.e.tion and.d.sruptive.se.e.tion d.ring spe.iation？

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Curre.t Zoology 2018年第1期64卷 89-99页

作者： Pe.e. d. d.JKSTRA Shana e. BORd.R d.partme.t of Biology Central Michigan University Mount Pleasant MI 48859 USA

Natural se.e.tion has be.n shown to d.ive.population d.ffe.e.tiation and.spe.iation. The.role.of se.ual se.e.tion in this proce.s is controve.sial; howe.e., most of the.work has ce.te.e.0}on mate.choice.while.the.role.of male.male.compe.ition in spe.iation is re.ative.y unde.stud.e.0} He.e. we.outline.how male.male.compe.ition can be.a source.of d.ve.sifying se.e.tion on male.compe.itive.phe.otype., and.how this can contribute.to the.e.olution of re.rod.ctive.isolation. We.highlight how ne.ative.fre.ue.cy-d.pe.d.nt se.e.tion （ad.antage.of rare.phe.otype.arising from stronge. male.male.compe.ition be.we.n similar male.phe.otype. compare.0}with d.ssimilar male.phe.o- type.） and.d.sruptive.se.e.tion （ad.antage.of e.tre.e.phe.otype.） d.ive. the.e.olution of d.ve.sity in compe.itive.traits such as we.pon size. nuptial coloration, or aggre.sive.e.s. We.unde.score.that male.male.compe.ition inte.acts with othe. life.history functions and.that variable.male.com- pe.itive.phe.otype. may re.re.e.t alte.native.ad.ptive.options. In ad.ition to compe.ition for mate., aggre.sive.inte.fe.e.ce.compe.ition for e.ological re.ource. can e.e.t se.e.tion on compe.- itor signals. We.call for a be.te. inte.ration of male.male.compe.ition with e.ological inte.fe.e.ce.compe.ition since.both can influe.ce.the.proce.s of spe.iation via comparable.but d.stinct me.ha- nisms. Altoge.he., we.pre.e.t a more.compre.e.sive.frame.ork for stud.ing the.role.of male.male.compe.ition in spe.iation, and.e.phasize.the.ne.d.for be.te. inte.ration of insights gaine.0}from othe. fie.d. stud.ing the.e.olutionary, be.avioral, and.physiological conse.ue.ce. of agonistic inte.actions.

关键词： d.sruptive.se.e.tion life.history trad.-offs male.male.compe.ition ne.ative.fre.ue.cy-d.pe.d.nt se.e.tion spe.iation

The.Janus of macrophysiology： stronge. e.fe.ts of e.olutionary history, but we.ke. e.fe.ts of climate.on uppe. the.mal limits are.re.e.se.0}for lowe. the.mal limits in ants

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Curre.t Zoology 2018年第2期64卷 223-230页

作者： Sarah e. d.AMONd.Lacy d. CHICK d.partme.t of Biology Case Western Reserve University Cleveland OH 44106 USA

Spe.ie. may e.hibit similar traits via d.ffe.e.t me.hanisms： e.vironme.tal filte.ing and.local ad.ptation （ge.graphy） and.share.0}e.olutionary history （phyloge.y） can e.ch contribute.to the.re.e.blance.of traits among spe.ie.. Parsing trait variation into ge.graphic and.phyloge.e.ic source. is important, as e.ch sugge.ts d.ffe.e.t constraints on trait e.olution. He.e. we.e.plore.how phyloge.e.ic d.stance. ge.graphic d.stance. and.ge.graphic variation in climate.shape.physiological tole.ance.of high and.low te.pe.ature. using a global d.tase. of ant the.mal tole.ance.. We.found ge.e.ally strong role. for e.olutionary history and.ge.graphic variation in te.pe.ature. but e.se.- tially no d.te.table.e.fe.ts of spatial proximity pe. se.on e.the. uppe. or lowe. the.mal tole.ance. Whe. we.compare.0}the.re.ative.importance.of the.factors shaping uppe. and.lowe. tole.ance., we.found a much stronge. role.for e.olutionary history in shaping uppe. ve.sus lowe. tole.ance. and.a mod.rate.y we.ke. role.for ge.graphic variation in te.pe.ature.in shaping uppe. tole.ance.whe. compare.0}with lowe. tole.ance. Our re.ults d.monstrate.how ge.graphic variation in climate.and.e.olutionary history may have.d.ffe.e.tial e.fe.ts on the.uppe. and.lowe. e.d.oints of physiological tole.ance. This Janus e.fe.t, whe.e.the.re.ative.contributions of ge.graphic variation in climate.and.e.olutionary history are.re.e.se.0}for lowe. ve.sus uppe. physiological tole.ance., has gaine.0}some.support in the.lite.ature. and.our re.ults for ant physiological tole.ance. provid. furthe. e.id.nce.of this pa^e.n. As the.climate.continue. to change. the.high phyloge.e.ic conse.vatism of uppe. tole.ance.may sugge.t pote.tial constraints on the.e.olution of tole.ance.of high te.pe.ature..

关键词： bioge.graphy e.olutionary history latitud.nal cline macrophysiology te.pe.ature the.mal tole.ance.

e.fe.ts of mountain pine.be.tle.kille.0}fore.ts on source.wate. contributions to stre.mflow in he.d.ate. stre.ms of the. Colorad. Rocky Mountains

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Frontie.s of e.rth Scie.ce 2017年第3期11卷 496-504页

作者： Christine.e. We.Ne. John d. STe.0}ICK Wate.she.0}Scie.ce.Program College of Natural Resources Colorado State University Fort Collins CO 80523-1472 USA

Natural or human-influe.ce.0}d.sturbance. are.important to the.he.lth and.d.ve.sity of fore.ts, which in turn, are.important to the.wate. quantity and.quality e.porte.0}from a catchme.t. Howe.e., human-ind.ce.0}d.sturbance. （pre.cribe.0}fire.and.harve.ting） have.be.n d.cre.sing, and.natural d.sturbance. （fire. and.inse.ts） have.be.n incre.sing in fre.ue.cy and.se.e.ity. One.such natural d.sturbance.is the.mountain pine.be.tle.（MPB）, （d.nclroctonus pond.rosae. an e.d.mic spe.ie.. A re.e.t e.id.mic re.ulte.0}in the.mortality of millions of he.tare. of lod.e.ole.pine.（Pinus contorta） fore.ts in Colorad., USA. Be.tle.ind.ce.0}tre. mortality brings about change. to the.hyd.ologic cycle. includ.ng d.cre.se.0}transpiration and.inte.ce.tion with the.loss of canopy cove.. This stud. e.amine.0}the.e.fe.t of the.mountain pine.be.tle.kill on source.wate. contributions to stre.mflow in snowme.t- d.minate.0}he.d.ate. catchme.ts using stable.isotope. （2H and.~80） as trace.s. Stud. catchme.ts with varying le.e. of be.tle.kille.0}fore.t are. （6% to 97%） we.e.sample.0}for groundwate., surface.wate., and.pre.ipitation. Stre.ms we.e.sample.0}to asse.s whe.he. be.tle.kille.0}fore.ts have.alte.e.0}source.wate. contributions to stre.mflow. Ground- wate. contributions incre.se.0}with incre.sing be.tle.kille.0}fore.t are. （p = 0.008）. Both rain and.snow contributions we.e.ne.ative.y corre.ate.0}with be.tle.kille.0}fore.t are. （p = 0.035 and.p = 0.011, re.pe.tive.y）. As the.be.tle.kille.0}fore.t are. incre.se., so d.e. fractional groundwate. contribution to stre.mflow.

关键词： mountain pine.be.tle isotope.trace.s stre.m-flow ge.e.ation he.d.ate.s

Proportional-inte.ral-d.rivative.control of nonline.r half-car e.e.tro-hyd.aulic suspe.sion syste.s

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Journal of Zhe.iang Unive.sity-Scie.ce.A(Applie.0}Physics & e.gine.ring) 2013年第6期14卷 401-416页

作者： John e. d. e.ORU Jimoh O. Pe.0}O School of Me.hanical Aeronautical and Industrial Engineering University of the Witwatersrand Private Bag 03 WITS 2050 Johannesburg South Africa

This pape. pre.e.ts the.d.ve.opme.t of a proportional-inte.ral-d.rivative.(PId.-base.0}control me.hod.for application to active.ve.icle.suspe.sion syste.s (AVSS). This me.hod.use. an inne. PId.hyd.aulic actuator force.control loop, in combination with an oute. PId.suspe.sion trave. control loop, to control a nonline.r half-car AVSS. Robustne.s to mod.l unce.tainty in the.form of variation in suspe.sion d.mping is te.te.0} comparing pe.formance.of the.AVSS with a passive.ve.icle.suspe.sion syste. (PVSS), with similar mod.l parame.e.s. Spe.tral analysis of suspe.sion syste. mod.l output d.ta, obtaine.0}by pe.forming a road.input d.sturbance.fre.ue.cy swe.p, provid.s fre.ue.cy re.ponse.plots for both nonline.r ve.icle.suspe.sion syste.s and.time.d.main ve.icle.re.ponse. to a sinusoid.l road.input d.sturbance.on a smooth road. The.re.ults show the.gre.te. robustne.s of the.AVSS ove. the.PVSS to parame.ric unce.tainty in the.fre.ue.cy and.time.d.mains.

关键词： Force.control Proportional-inte.ral-d.rivative.(PId. control Nonline.r half-car Active.ve.icle.suspe.sion syste. (AVSS) Hyd.aulic actuator d.namics Mod.l unce.tainty

Marble.e.istyle. unde. she.r: an e.pe.ime.tal stud. of the.role.of “Re.ie.ing Space.

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Frontie.s of Structural and.Civil e.gine.ring 2019年第4期13卷 767-786页

作者： e. d. PASIOU I. STAVRAKAS d. TRIANTIS S. K. KOURKOULIS d.partme.t of Me.hanics Laboratory of Testing and Materials National Technical University of Athens Athens 15773 Greece d.partme.t of e.e.tronics Laboratory of Electrical Characterization of Materials and Electronic Devices Technological Edu-cational Institution of Athens Athens 12210 Greece

The.me.hanical re.ponse.of mutually inte.conne.te.0}e.istyle. is stud.e.0}e.pe.ime.tally. The.spe.ime.s are.mad. of two marble.blocks conne.te.0}to e.ch othe. with an “I”-shape.0}titanium conne.tor place.0}in groove. sculpture.0}on the.blocks and.cove.e.0}with ce.e.titious mate.ial. The.spe.ific way of conne.ting e.istyle. simulate. the.one.use.0}by scie.tists re.toring the.ancie.t “conne.tions” of the.e.istyle. of the.Parthe.on Te.ple. This “conne.tion”, although d.signe.0}to sustain mainly te.sile.load.ng, unde.take., also, she.r load. in case.of e.citations imposing to the.e.istyle. d.splace.e.ts normal to the.conne.tor’s axis. Atte.tion is focuse.0}to e.lighte. the.role.of a nove. d.sign te.hnique.aiming to re.ie.e.the.stre.s fie.d.around the.conne.tor. Accord.ng to this te.hnique. part of the.conne.tor’s we. is le.t uncove.e.0} forming the.so-calle.0}“Re.ie.ing Space., assisting the.unconstraine.0}d.formation of the.conne.tor. Both trad.tional and.innovative.se.sing te.hnique. we.e.e.ploye.0}in an e.fort to obtain d.ta from the.inte.ior of the.thre.-mate.ial-comple. (marble.ce.e.titious mate.ial-titanium). Analysis of the.d.ta ind.cate.0}that the.“Re.ie.ing Space. re.0}ce. the.ove.all stiffne.s of the.syste., prote.ting marble.in case.of ove.-load.ng. More.ve., it was conclud.d.that the.innovative.te.hnique. e.ploye.0}provid. pre.failure.ind.cators we.l in ad.ance.of the.catastrophic failure.of the.spe.ime.s.

关键词： monume.ts of cultural he.itage marble e.istyle. pre.sure stimulate. curre.ts acoustic e.ission d.gital image corre.ation

Kine.ics of Cd.(2+) and.Cr^(3+) Sorption from Aque.us Solutions Using Me.captoace.ic Acid.Mod.fie.0}and.Unmod.fie.0}Oil Palm Fruit Fibre.(e.ae.s guine.nsis) Ad.orbe.ts

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Tsinghua Scie.ce.and.Te.hnology 2007年第4期12卷 485-492页

作者： A. A. Abia e. d. Asuquo d.partme.t of Pure.and.Ind.strial Che.istry University of Port Harcourt B. M. B. 5323 Choba Port Harcourt Nigeria

The.kine.ics of the.sorption of Cd.2＋ and.CF^3＋ from aque.us solutions by me.captoace.ic acid.mod.fie.0}and.unmod.fie.0}oil palm fruit fibre.ad.orbe.ts we.e.inve.tigate.0} The.re.ults ind.cate.that sorption e.uilibrium was re.che.0}within 60 min for both me.als. Also, the.re.oval e.ficie.cy of the.thre. ad.orbe.ts was obse.ve.0}to incre.se.for both me.als with stronge. tre.tme.ts with me.captoace.ic acid. This may be.attribute.0}to the.influe.ce.of the.thiolation of the.ad.orbe.ts. Furthe.more. Cr^3＋ had.highe. re.oval pe.ce.tage. than Cd.2＋ for all the.ad.orbe.ts. The.sorption me.hanism base.0}on the.intraparticle.d.ffusion mod.l shows that Cd.2＋ sorption is be.te. d.scribe.0}than Cr^3＋. The.intraparticle.d.ffusion rate.constants, Kid. for Cd.2＋ are.62.04 min^-1 （untre.te.0}, 67.01 min^-1 （tre.te.0}with 0.5 mol/L me.captoace.ic acid., and.71.43 min^-1 （tre.te.0}with 1.0 mol/L me.captocace.ic acid. while.those.for Cr^3＋ are.63.41 min^-1 （untre.te.0}, 65.79 min （0.5 mol/L acid.tre.te.0}, and.66.25 min^-1 （1.0 mol/L acid.tre.te.0}.

关键词： kine.ics ad.orbe.t agricultural by-prod.cts oil palm fruit fibre he.vy me.als

Microfluid.c bacte.ial traps for simultane.us fluore.ce.ce.and.atomic force.microscopy

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Nano Re.e.rch 2017年第11期10卷 3896-3908页

作者： Olive. Pe.ic Me.anie.Hanne.e.le.Jonathan d. Ad.ms Ge.rg e. Fantne. Laboratory for Bio-and.Nano-Instrume.tation Institute of Bioengineering School of Engineering EPFL 1015 Lausanne Switzerland

The.atomic force.microscope.has be.ome.an e.tablishe.0}re.e.rch tool for imaging microorganisms with unpre.e.0}nte.0}***,its use.in microbiology has be.n limite.0}by the.d.fficulty of prope. bacte.ial ***,we.have.d.ve.ope.0}a microfluid.c d.vice.that solve. the.issue.of bacte.ial immobilization for atomic force.microscopy unde. physiological *** d.vice.is able.to rapid.y immobilize.bacte.ia in we.l-d.fine.0}positions and.subse.ue.tly re.e.se.the.ce.ls for quick sample.*** d.ve.ope.0}d.vice.also allows simultane.us fluore.ce.ce.analysis to asse.s the.bacte.ial viability d.ring atomic force.microscope.*** d.monstrate.0}the.pote.tial of our approach for the.immobilization of rod.shape.0}e.che.ichia coli and.Bacillus *** our d.vice.we.obse.ve.0}buffe.-d.pe.d.nt morphological change. of the.bacte.ial e.ve.ope.me.0}ate.0}by the.antimicrobial pe.tid. *** approach to bacte.ial immobilization make. sample.pre.aration much simple. and.more.re.iable.the.e.y acce.e.ating atomic force.microscopy stud.e. at the.single.ce.l le.e..

关键词： atomic force.microscope.(AFM) microfabrication microfluid.cs microbiology corre.ative.microscopy physical immobilization

Fre.-stre.m Turbule.ce.e.fe.ts on the.Boundary Laye. of a High-lift Low-Pre.sure.Turbine.Blad.

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Journal of The.mal Scie.ce 2016年第3期25卷 195-206页

作者： Simoni d. Ubald. M. Zunino p. Ampe.lio e. d.Me.Unive.sita d. Ge.ova Via MontaUegro 11-16145 GenovaItaly Ge.AvioAe.o S.p.A. V.I Maggio99 1-10040 Rivalta(TO)-Italy

The.suction sid. boundary laye. e.olution of a high-lift low-pre.sure.turbine.cascad. has be.n e.pe.ime.tally in- ve.tigate.0}at low and.high fre.-stre.m turbule.ce.inte.sity cond.tions. Me.sure.e.ts have.be.n card.d.out in ord.r to analyze.the.boundary laye. transition and.se.aration proce.se. at a low Re.nold. nttmbe., unde. both ste.d. and.unste.d. inflows. Static pre.sure.d.stributions along the.blad. surface. as we.l as total pre.sure.d.stri- butions in a d.wnstre.m tange.tial plane.have.be.n me.sure.0}to e.aluate.the.ove.all ae.od.namic e.ficie.cy of the.blad. for the.d.ffe.e.t cond.tions. Particle. Image.Ve.ocime.ry has be.n ad.pte.0}to analyze.the.time.me.n and.time.varying ve.ocity fie.d.. The.flow fie.d.has be.n surve.e.0}in two orthogonal plane. （a blad.-to-blad. plane.and.a wall-paralle. one.. The.e.me.sure.e.ts allow the.id.ntification of the.Ke.vin-He.mholtz large.scale.cohe. re.t structure. she.0}as a conse.ue.ce.of the.boundary laye. laminar se.aration unde. ste.d. inflow, as we.l as the.inve.tigation of the.thre.-d.me.sional e.fe.ts ind.ce.0}by the.inte.mitte.t passage.of low and.high spe.d.stre.ks. A close.inspe.tion of the.time.me.n ve.ocity profile. as we.l as of the.boundary laye. inte.ral parame.e.s he.ps to characte.ize.the.suction sid. boundary laye. state. thus justifying the.influe.ce.of fre.-stre.m turbule.ce.inte.sity on the.blad. ae.od.namic losse. me.sured.und.r ste.d. and.unste.d. inflows.

关键词： profile.losse. high-lift profile. fre.-stre.m turbule.ce stre.ks unste.d. flows.