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2021年6月东北冷涡暴雨降水物理过程观测与模拟研究

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大气科学 2024年第4期48卷 1640-1656页

作者：李玥瑶崔晓鹏李国平陈力强成都信息工程大学大气科学学院成都610225 中国科学院大气物理研究所云降水物理与强风暴重点实验室北京100029 中国气象局沈阳大气环境研究所沈阳110166 南京信息工程大学气象灾害预报预警与评估协同创新中心南京210044 中国科学院大学北京100049

本文针对2021年6月2~3日发生在辽宁和吉林两省的东北冷涡暴雨过程,利用多源观测和再分析数据,首先开展综合观测分析,进而利用WRF模式对此次暴雨过程的主降水时段开展高分辨率数值模拟,并结合三维降水诊断方程,开展宏、微观物理过程和暴... 详细信息

本文针对2021年6月2~3日发生在辽宁和吉林两省的东北冷涡暴雨过程,利用多源观测和再分析数据,首先开展综合观测分析,进而利用WRF模式对此次暴雨过程的主降水时段开展高分辨率数值模拟,并结合三维降水诊断方程,开展宏、微观物理过程和暴雨形成机理模拟诊断研究。结果表明,此次暴雨过程降水范围广、局地雨强大、对流性突出;暴雨过程期间,东亚大气环流相对稳定,东北冷涡缓慢东移,携带冷空气南下,与偏南暖湿气流汇合,触发涡旋云系发展;两省位于高空急流核出口区左前方和偏南低空急流前侧,低层辐合—高层辐散的动力结构有助于强降水系统发展。伴随水汽辐合加强,云物理过程旺盛发展,水凝物含量显著升高,其中霰粒子通过融化成雨滴等云物理过程,对强降水起到重要贡献。云滴通过水汽凝结过程迅速增长,但同时由于云微物理转化过程而被大量消耗,用于云系发展和降水发生。降水强度受水汽收支和云收支过程共同影响,强降水前期,伴随强盛水汽输送与辐合,区域上空水汽含量显著增加,降水系统发展;强降水后期,伴随冷涡云系逐步东移,区域内辐合减弱,局地大气内水汽明显消耗,以继续支撑较强降水。伴随水汽局地辐合,水凝物旺盛发展(尤其是冰相水凝物)。过程初期,液相水凝物动力辐合与微物理转化过程共同支撑降水云系快速发展;降水峰值时段,上述两过程仍然活跃,但由于强降水显著消耗,水凝物含量局地变化不明显。整个暴雨过程期间,液相水凝物持续辐合,而冰相水凝物于初期短暂辐合之后,逐渐减弱为弱辐散,这一演变特征与局地热、动力结构及其演变有关。

关键词：东北冷涡暴雨降水物理过程观测分析数值模拟

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2021年6月东北冷涡暴雨水汽来源和源区贡献分析

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大气科学 2024年第3期48卷 1261-1275页

本文针对2021年6月2~3日发生在东北地区的冷涡暴雨过程,首先利用传统欧拉方法,初步分析了此次初夏东北冷涡暴雨过程的水汽输送与辐合特征,进而利用拉格朗日轨迹追踪模式FLEXPART和水汽来源与源区定量贡献分析方法,揭示出此次暴雨过程的... 详细信息

本文针对2021年6月2~3日发生在东北地区的冷涡暴雨过程,首先利用传统欧拉方法,初步分析了此次初夏东北冷涡暴雨过程的水汽输送与辐合特征,进而利用拉格朗日轨迹追踪模式FLEXPART和水汽来源与源区定量贡献分析方法,揭示出此次暴雨过程的水汽源地和源区定量贡献。结果表明:此次初夏冷涡暴雨过程期间,副热带高压偏南,东北地区主要受东北冷涡和其下游日本海弱高压脊影响,但对流层低层,副高主体与日本海弱高压脊之间存在气旋性切变流场,促成一支低空急流沿我国沿海地区北上,有利于东北地区南侧水汽向北输送,与东北冷涡后部干冷空气在辽宁和吉林省交汇,触发强降水。拉格朗日轨迹追踪显示,60%以上的目标气块来自降水区西侧和西北侧的亚欧大陆地区,这些气块初始位置高度较高,途径我国东海、黄海一带时,高度显著降低,并汇入偏南暖湿气流,进而流入目标降水区;还有部分气块来自贝加尔湖及其以东地区以及我国南海和中南部大陆地区,气块初始位置及行进过程中高度均较低。水汽源区对目标降水区的水汽定量贡献显示,东海—黄海至西北太平洋地区贡献最大(贡献率37.04%),中国大陆中东部紧随其后(贡献率30.05%),显著的水汽摄取和较低的沿途损失,使得上述两区域水汽贡献显著,而降水区局地摄取水汽的贡献排在第三位;此外,贝加尔湖及其以东地区和亚欧大陆中西部亦有一定贡献(尽管亚欧大陆中西部的水汽摄取总量亦较大,但绝大部分水汽在远距离输送过程中损耗),而印度半岛至中国南海地区水汽贡献最小。相对于传统的欧拉方法,拉格朗日方法可以更清晰地给出暴雨过程主要的水汽源地及其贡献。

关键词：东北冷涡暴雨水汽源区定量贡献拉格朗日轨迹追踪

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Characteristics and mechanism of vertical coupling in the genesis of tropical cyclone Durian(2001)

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Science China Earth Sciences 2021年第3期64卷 440-457页

作者： Wenlong ZHANG xiaopeng cui Jianxi DONG Institute of Urban Meteorology China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing100089China Key Laboratory of Cloud-Precipitation Physics and Severe Storms Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100029China National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center Beijing100081China Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing210044China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049China

The vertical coupling(VC)process and mechanism during the genesis of a tropical cyclone(TC)implied by the weak vertical shear of horizontal wind,one of the key factors impacting TC genesis,constitute important but unanswered fundamental scientific *** paper carried out a targeted investigation of this problem through numerical simulation and theoretical *** main conclusions are as *** if TC genesis occurs in a barotropic environment,a VC process still occurs between the trough(vortex)at the middle level and that at the lower level in the TC embryo *** mainly occurs at the tropical disturbance(TDS)*** after the VC is accomplished can the tropical depression(TD)organize further by itself and develop into the tropical storm(TS)stage or the stronger tropical typhoon(TY)stage through the WISHE(wind-induced surface heat exchange)*** the VC process,vortical hot towers(VHTs)play vertical connecting roles and are the actual practitioners of the *** the VHTs’vertical connections,the middle-and lower-troposphere trough axes move towards each other and realize the *** can produce intensive cyclonic vorticity in the lower troposphere,which is mainly contributed by the stretching *** tilting term can produce a single dipole or double dipole of vorticity,but the positive and negative vorticity pairs offset each other *** the stretching term ensures that the cyclonic rotations of the wind field in the middle and lower levels tend to be consistent,the tilting term acts to uniformly distribute the horizontal wind in the vertical direction,and both terms facilitate the VC of the wind *** the latent heat of condensation,VHTs heat the upper and middle troposphere so that the 352 K equivalent potential temperature contour penetrates vertically into the 925–300 hPa layer,realizing the VC of the temperature *** forming cloud towers,VHTs make the ambient air become moist and nearly saturated so that the

关键词： Genesis of tropical cyclones Vertical coupling Vortical hot tower Axisymmetric distribution Barotropic instability

Dominant Cloud Microphysical Processes of a Torrential Rainfall Event in Sichuan, China

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2015年第3期32卷 389-400页

作者： HUANG Yongjie cui xiaopeng Key Laboratory of Cloud-Precipitation Physics and Severe Storms Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology

High-resolution numerical simulation data of a rainstorm triggering debris flow in Sichuan Province of China simulated by the Weather Research and Forecasting （WRF） Model were used to study the dominant cloud microphysical processes of the torrential *** results showed that：（1） In the strong precipitation period,particle sizes of all hydrometeors increased,and mean-mass diameters of graupel increased the most significantly,as compared with those in the weak precipitation period; （2） The terminal velocity of raindrops was the strongest among all hydrometeors,followed by graupel＇s,which was much smaller than that of *** between various hydrometeors＇ terminal velocities in the strong precipitation period were larger than those in the weak precipitation period,which favored relative motion,collection interaction and transformation between the *** terminal velocity values of raindrops and graupel were significantly greater than those of air upward velocity,and the stronger the precipitation was,the greater the differences between them were; （3） The orders of magnitudes of the various hydrometeors＇ sources and sinks in the strong precipitation period were larger than those in the weak precipitation period,causing a difference in the intensity of *** vapor,cloud water,raindrops,graupel and their exchange processes played a major role in the production of the torrential rainfall,and there were two main processes via which raindrops were generated：abundant water vapor condensed into cloud water and,on the one hand,accretion of cloud water by rain water formed rain water,while on the other hand,accretion of cloud water by graupel formed graupel,and then the melting of graupel formed rain water.

关键词： torrential rainfall Sichuan cloud microphysical processes numerical simulation

Impact of Mid-and Upper-Level Dry Air on Tropical Cyclone Genesis and Intensification:A Modeling Study of Durian(2001)

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2018年第12期35卷 1505-1521页

作者： Yaping WANG Yongjie HUANG xiaopeng cui Key Laboratory of Cloud-Precipitation Physics and Severe Storms Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters Nanjing University of Information Science & TechnologyNanjing 210044China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

The impact of mid-and upper-level dry air,represented by low relative humidity(RH)values,on the genesis of tropical cyclone(TC)Durian(2001)in the South China Sea was investigated by a series of numerical experiments using the Weather Research and Forecasting *** mid-level RH was lowered in different regions relative to TC Durian(2001)’s genesis *** suggest that the location of dry air was important to Durian(2001)’s genesis and *** rapid development of the TC was accompanied by sustained near-saturated mid-and upper-level air,whereas low humidity decelerated its *** vapor budget analysis showed that moisture at mid and upper levels was mainly supplied by the vertical convergence of moisture flux and the divergence terms,and consumed by the condensation *** horizontal convergence of moisture flux term supplied moisture in the air moistening process but consumed moisture in the air drying *** a dryer mid-and upper-level environment,convective and stratiform precipitation were both *** upward mass fluxes and the diabatic heating rates associated with these two precipitation types were also ***,convection played the dominant role,since the impact of the stratiform process on vertical mass transportation and diabatic heating was much *** vorticity budget showed that the negative vorticity convergence term,which was closely related to the inhibited convection,caused the vorticity to decrease above the lower troposphere in a dryer *** negative vorticity tendency is suggested to slow down the vertical coherence and the development rate of TCs.

关键词： tropical cyclone formation mid-and upper-level dry air WRF water vapor budget convective and stratiform precipitation

基于Transformer的分段供电故障诊断方法

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计算机应用与软件 2024年第9期41卷 61-69页

作者：姜锋徐兴华梁英杰崔小鹏廖涛海军工程大学舰船综合电力技术国防科技重点实验室湖北武汉430033

分段供电系统是长初级直线电机的重要组成部分,对其应用有效的故障诊断方法有助于电机的正常工作和故障检修。根据实测三相电流波形特点,提出一种结合幅值特征序列提取算法和Transformer深度学习模型的分段供电故障诊断方法。除此之外,... 详细信息

分段供电系统是长初级直线电机的重要组成部分,对其应用有效的故障诊断方法有助于电机的正常工作和故障检修。根据实测三相电流波形特点,提出一种结合幅值特征序列提取算法和Transformer深度学习模型的分段供电故障诊断方法。除此之外,引入深度学习模型的解释性方法,实现模型对异常进行自监督辅助定位。最后,将以上方法在某型分段供电直线电机的试验数据上进行应用,并验证这些方法的有效性和可靠性。

关键词：深度学习 Transformer模型时间序列故障诊断分段供电

Differences between Convective and Stratiform Precipitation Budgets in a Torrential Rainfall Event

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2019年第5期36卷 495-509页

作者： Yongjie HUANG Yaping WANG xiaopeng cui Key Laboratory of Cloud-Precipitation Physics and Severe Storms Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology

Differences in rainfall budgets between convective and stratiform regions of a torrential rainfall event were investigated using high-resolution simulation data produced by the Weather Research and Forecasting(WRF) model. The convective and stratiform regions were reasonably separated by the radar-based convective–stratiform partitioning method, and the threedimensional WRF-based precipitation equation combining water vapor and hydrometeor budgets was further used to analyze the rainfall budgets. The results showed that the magnitude of precipitation budget processes in the convective region was one order larger than that in the stratiform region. In convective/stratiform updraft regions, precipitation was mainly from the contribution of moisture-related processes, with a small negative contribution from cloud-related processes. In convective/stratiform downdraft regions, cloud-related processes played positive roles in precipitation, while moisture-related processes made a negative contribution. Moisture flux convergence played a dominant role in the moisture-related processes in convective or stratiform updraft regions, which was closely related to large-scale dynamics. Differences in cloud-related processes between convective and stratiform regions were more complex compared with those in moisture-related *** liquid-and ice-phase microphysical processes were strong in convective/stratiform updraft regions, and ice-phase processes were dominant in convective/stratiform downdraft regions. There was strong net latent heating within almost the whole troposphere in updraft regions, especially in the convective updraft region, while the net latent heating(cooling) mainly existed above(below) the zero-layer in convective/stratiform downdraft regions.

关键词： convective rainfall stratiform rainfall precipitation budget updraft region downdraft region

Surface Rainfall Processes during the Genesis Period of Tropical Cyclone Durian(2001)

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2019年第4期36卷 451-464页

作者： Yaping WANG Yongjie HUANG xiaopeng cui Key Laboratory of Cloud-Precipitation Physics and Severe Storms (LACS) Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology

The rainfall processes during the formation of tropical cyclone(TC) Durian(2001) were investigated quantitatively using the three-dimensional(3 D) WRF-based precipitation equation. The rain rate(PS) decreased slightly as the TC approached to formation, and then increased as Durian began to intensify. The rate of moisture-related processes(QWV) in the equation contributed around 80% to PSbefore TC genesis, and made more contribution during and after TC genesis. The rate of hydrometeor-related processes(QCM) contributed about 20% before TC formation, followed by less contribution during and after TC formation. QWVwere dominated by the 3 D moisture flux advection rate(QWVA), while the surface evaporation rate(QWVE) also played an important role. Just before TC genesis, moisture from QWVAand QWVEhelped the local atmosphere moisten(negative QWVL). QCMwere determined by the 3 D hydrometeor advection rates(QCLAand QCIA) and the local change rates of hydrometeors(QCLLand QCIL). During TC formation, QCMlargely decreased and then reactivated as Durian began to intensify, accompanied by the development of TC cloud. Both the height and the strength of the net latent heating center associated with microphysical processes generally lowered before and during TC genesis, resulting mainly from lessening deposition and condensation. The downward shift of the net latent heating center induced a more bottom-heavy upward mass flux profile, suggesting to promote lower-tropospheric convergence in a shallower layer, vorticity amplification and TC spin-up.

关键词： surface rainfall processes tropical cyclone formation three-dimensional precipitation equation latent heating

A Case Study on the Rapid Rain-to-Snow Transition in Late Spring 2018 over Northern China:Effects of Return Flows and Topography

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2022年第1期36卷 107-127页

作者： Wenlong ZHANG xiaopeng cui Bolong DUAN Bo YU Runxia GUO Haiwen LIU Institute of Urban Meteorology China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100089 Key Laboratory of Cloud-Precipitation Physics and Severe Storms Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029 Lanzhou Central Meteorological Observatory Lanzhou 730020 Beijing Weather Forecast Center Beijing 100089 Department of Aviation Meteorology Civil Aviation University of ChinaTianjin 300300 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049

Phase changes in the precipitation processes of early winter and late spring in midlatitude regions represent challenges when forecasting the timing and magnitude of *** 4 April 2018,a heavy snow process occurred in Beijing and northwestern Hebei Province,becoming the most delayed occurrence of heavy spring snow ever recorded over Beijing in the last 30 *** paper uses observational and numerical simulation data to investigate the causes for the rapid rain-to-snow(RRTS)phase transition during this *** following results are obtained.(1)Return flows(RFs),an interesting type of easterly wind,including those at 1000,925,and 800 hPa,played an important role in this heavy snow process and presented a characteristic"sandwich"*** RFs,complex topography,and snow particles that dominated the clouds,were the three key factors for the RRTS transition.(2)The RRTS transition in the plains was directly related to the RF at 925 hPa,which brought about advective cooling initiated approximately 4-6 h before the onset of ***,the RF played a role of diabatic cooling when snow particles began to fall at the onset of precipitation.(3)The RRTS transition in the northern part of the Taihang Mountains was closely related to the relatively high altitude that led to a lower surface temperature owing to the vertical temperature lapse *** immediately before and after the onset of precipitation,the snow particles in clouds entrained the middle-level cold air downward,causing the melting layer(from surface to the 0℃-isotherm level)to become very thin;and thus the snow particles did not have adequate time to melt before falling to the ground.(4)The rapid RRTS over the Yanqing mountainous area in the northwest of Beijing could have involved all the three concurrent mechanisms:the advective cooling of RF,the melting cooling of cloud snow particles,and the high-altitude *** with that in the plain area with less urbanization the duration

关键词： midlatitude heavy snow return flow phase transition Bohai Sea cold pool complex terrain numerical simulation