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World Journa. of Ga.troenterology 2008年第16期14卷 2544-2549页

作者： Robert P Willert Ia. craig La.ra.ce Depa.tment of Ga.troenterology Fremantle Hospital

a.M: To determine if inflixima. ca. prevent or dela. surgery in refra.tory ulcera.ive colitis (UC). METHODS: UC pa.ients who fa.led to ha.e their disea.e controlled with conventiona. thera.ies a.d were to undergo colectomy if inflixima. fa.led to induce a.clinica. improvement were reviewed. Pa.ients were prima.ily trea.ed with a.single 5 mg/kg inflixima. dose. The Colitis a.tivity Index (Ca.) wa. used to determine response a.d remission. Da.a.of 8 wk response a.d colectomy ra.es a. 6 mo a.d 12 mo were collected. RESULTS: Fifteen pa.ients were included, 7 with UC unresponsive or intolera.t to Ⅳ hydrocortisone, a.d 8 with a.tive disea.e despite ora. steroids (a.l but one with thera.eutic dosa.e a.d dura.ion of immunomodula.ion). a.l the Ⅳ hydrocortisone-resista.t/intolera.t pa.ients ha. been on a.a.hioprine/6-MP a. 8 wk, inflixima. induced a.response in 86.7% (13/15) with 40% in remission (6/15). Within 6 mo of trea.ment 26.7% (4/15) ha. undergone colectomy a.d surgery wa. a.oided in 46.6% (7/15) a. 12 mo. The colectomy ra.e a. 12 mo in those on immunomodula.ory thera.y a. time of inflixima. wa. 12.5% (1/8) compa.ed with 100% (7/7) in pa.ients who were on long-term ma.ntena.ce immunomodula.ors (P a. prevented colectomy due to a.tive disea.e in immunomodula.ory-na.ve, refra.tory UC pa.ients compa.a.le to the use of Cyclosporine. In pa.ients, however, on effective dosa.e a.d dura.ion of immunomodula.ion a. time of inflixima. thera.y colectomy wa. not a.oided.

关键词： Infla.ma.ory bowel disea.e Ulcera.ivecolitis Thera.y Inflixima. Colectomy

Estima.ion of food composition of Hodotermes mossa.bicus （Isoptera. Hodotermitida.） ba.ed on observa.ions a.d sta.le ca.bon isotope ra.ios

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Insect Science 2011年第2期18卷 175-180页

作者： craig T. Symes Stepha. Woodborne School of a.ima. Plant and Environmental Sciences University of the Witwatersrand Wits Na.ura. Resources a.d the Environment CSIR Pretoria South Africa

The diet of the ha.vester termite Hodotermes mossa.bicus wa. investiga.ed a. two sites with distinct dieta.y components： C4 gra.ses （δ13 C isotope va.ues, -13.8%0 to -14.0%0） a.d C3 pla.ts （δ13C isotope va.ues, -25.6%0 to -27.1%0）. By compa.ing observa.ions of food items ca.ried into the colony by the termites a.d ca.bon isotope ra.ios of whole termites （tha. determined a.simila.ed ca.bon）, the rela.ive proportion of the C3 a.d C4 pla.t food components of the termite diet wa. estima.ed. There wa. a.reement between the observa.iona. da.a.a.d sta.le ca.bon isotopic da.a. with gra.s representing a.proxima.ely 93% of the diet ofH. mossa.bicus a. two study sites （urba. a.d rura.） on the South a.rica. highveld. However, when correcting for ma.s of food items, tha. is, C3 a.d C4, ca.ried by termites, the proportion of gra.s （C4） in the diet ma. be underestima.ed.

关键词： ca.bon a.simila.ion colony ha.vester termite Suikerbosra.d

BioTRIZ Suggests Ra.ia.ive Cooling of Buildings Ca. Be Done Pa.sively by Cha.ging the Structure of Roof Insula.ion to Let Longwa.e Infra.ed Pa.s

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Journa. of Bionic Engineering 2008年第1期5卷 55-66页

作者： Sa.ma.n craig Da.id Ha.rison a.drew Cripps Da.iel Knott School of Engineering a.d Design Brunel UniversityLondon UB8 3PHUKBuro Happold LtdLondon W1T 1PDUK School of Engineering a.d Design Brunel UniversityLondon UB8 3PHUK Buro Ha.pold Ltd London W1T 1PDUK

This pa.er demonstra.es the a.plica.ion of a.design tool ca.led BioTRIZ. Its developers cla.m tha. it ca. be used to a.cess biologica. stra.egies for solving engineering problems. Our a.m is to design a.roof for hot clima.es tha. gets free cooling through ra.ia.t coupling with the sky. The insula.ion in a.sta.da.d roof stops the sun a.d convection from wa.ming the therma. ma.s. But it a.so restricts the ma.s＇s longwa.e view of the cool sky. Different solutions to this conflict a.e offered by BioTRIZ. The chosen solution is to repla.e the sta.da.d insula.ion component with a. open cell honeycomb. The vertica. cells would a.low longwa.e ra.ia.ion to pa.s, while a.resting convection. The solutions offered by BioTRIZ＇s technologica. counterpa.t include no such cha.ges in structure. It is estima.ed tha. the therma. ma.s in the biomimetic roof would rema.n on a.era.e 4.5℃ cooler tha. in a.sta.da.d roof over a.yea. in Riya.h, Sa.di a.a.ia.

关键词： biomimetics TRIZ BioTRIZ ra.ia.ive cooling building design pa.sive design

Physica. a.tivity a.d exercise tra.ning in young people with cystic fibrosis:Current recommenda.ions a.d evidence

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Journa. of Sport a.d Hea.th Science 2013年第1期2卷 39-46页

作者： craig a. Willia.s Da.iel Stevens Children's Hea.th a.d Exercise Resea.ch Centre Sport and Health Sciences University of Exeter EX1 2LU Devon UK School of Physiothera.y Faculty of Health Professions Dalhousie University Halifax NS B3H 4R2 Canada

Despite the a.cepta.ce of physica. a.tivity （Pa. being integra. to a.young person＇s hea.th, children with disa.ility often exhibit low levels of Pa. In young people with cystic fibrosis （CF） the importa.ce of exercise a.d da.ly Pa.is a.knowledged by clinicia.s a.d their support tea.s, however, there is a.la.k of knowledge rela.ed to its prescription. CF is a.recessive genetic disorder a.fecting the lung, pa.crea. a.d swea. gla.ds. CF is the most common life shortening genetic disea.e in the Ca.ca.ia. popula.ion for which there is no cure. In the UK, CF a.fects over 9000 people, with 4000 under 16 yea.s of a.e. Only a.out ha.f of the CF popula.ion ca. expect to live beyond 40 yea.s of a.e. Besides drug thera.ies, reha.ilita.ive exercise progra.mes form a. importa.t component of trea.ment a.d long term exercise progra.mes a.e considered positive trea.ment stra.egies, but a.l la.k a.y deta.led prescriptive informa.ion. Severa. reviews a.d editoria.s ha.e highlighted the la.k of evidence ba.ed resea.ch in Pa.a.d exercise tra.ning in young people with CF; but a.voca.e a.grea.er need for understa.ding the role of exercise in thera.eutic interventions. The purpose of this review is to upda.e the rea.er on the current recommenda.ions a.d evidence in Pa.a.d exercise tra.ning for young people with CE These developments ha.e extended our understa.ding of Pa.a.d exercise tra.ning in children a.d a.olescents with CF, a.d its implementa.ion in the ma.a.ement of this chronic disea.e.

关键词： Cystic fibrosis Exercise tra.ning Pa.dia.rics Physica. a.tivity Young people

The ESCRT protein CHMP5 escorts αβ T cells through positive selection

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Cellula. & Molecula. Immunology 2018年第7期15卷 654-656页

作者： Glendon S Wu craig H Ba.sing Immunology Gra.ua.e Group Perelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA 19104USA Divsion of Ca.cer Pa.hobiology Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineChildren’s Hospital of PhiladelphiaAbramson Family Cancer Research InstitutePerelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA 19104USA

αβ T lymphocytes a.e critica. for host protection a.a.nst pa.hogens a.d a.e nota.le for their recent use a. immunothera.eutic a.ents for the trea.ment of huma. ***,their dysfunction is a.socia.ed with a.va.iety of disea.e sta.es,including a.toimmune a.d immunodeficient syndromes tha. frequently result from improper αβT cell development in the *** thymic egress,ma.ure αβ T cells a.e a.tiva.ed when their surfa.e T-cell receptor(TCR)enga.es peptide a.tigens displa.ed by ma.or histocompa.ibility complex(MHC)proteins expressed on a.tigenpresenting *** the thymus,ea.h developing αβ T cell(thymocyte)recombines its TCRβ a.d TCRαgenes in a. a.tempt to a.semble a.d express a.unique functiona. αβ TCR。

关键词： lymphocytes a.toimmune combine

Flip the switch: BTG2–PRMT1 protein complexes a.ta.onize pre-B-cell prolifera.ion to promote B-cell development

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Cellula. & Molecula. Immunology 2018年第9期15卷 808-811页

作者： Glendon S Wu craig H Ba.sing Immunology Gra.ua.e Group Children’s Hospital of PhiladelphiaPerelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA 19104USA Divsion of Ca.cer Pa.hobiology Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineChildren’s Hospital of PhiladelphiaAbramson Family Cancer Research InstitutePerelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA 19104USA

B lymphocytes a.e vita. components of vertebra.e a.a.tive immune ***,B-cell dysfunction ca. promote a.toimmunity a.d immunodefi-ciency,a.d errors in development ca. ca.se B-linea.e lymphoid ma.igna.cies.B-cell development requires Ra.1/Ra.2(Ra.)endonuclea.e-media.ed a.sembly of immunoglobulin(Ig)*** a.sembly of Ig hea.y cha.n(IgH)genes in G1-pha.e pro-B cells produces IgH proteins tha. pa.r with VpreB/λ5 to form pre-B-cell receptor(pre-BCR)*** pro-B cells,pre-BCR signa.ing inhibits Ra.1/Ra.2 tra.scription,sta.ilizes Cyclin D3 to drive cellula. prolifera.ion a.d promotes differentia.ion of la.ge pre-B cells.

关键词： lymphocytes lymphoid complexes

Ba.riers to Insura.ce a. a.Flood Risk Ma.a.ement Tool:Evidence from a.Survey of Property Owners

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Interna.iona. Journa. of Disa.ter Risk Science 2020年第3期11卷 263-273页

作者： Ja.on Thistlethwa.te Da.iel Henstra.craig Brown Da.iel Scott School of Environment Enterprise and DevelopmentUniversity of WaterlooWaterlooON N2L 3G1Canada Depa.tment of Politica. Science University of WaterlooWaterlooON N2L 3G1Canada Clima.e Cha.ge a.d Hea.th a.a.ta.ion Pla.ning Vancouver Coastal HealthVancouverBC V5Z 4C2Canada Depa.tment of Geogra.hy a.d Environmenta. Ma.a.ement University of WaterlooWaterlooON N2L 3G1Canada

By using risk-a.justed price signa.s to tra.sfer responsibility for property-level flood protection a.d recovery from governments to property owners,flood insura.ce represents a.key tenet of the flood risk ma.a.ement(FRM)*** Government of Ca.a.a.ha. worked with insurers to introduce flood insura.ce for the first time a. a.pa.t of a.broa.er shift towa.ds FRM to limit the growing costs of *** via.ility of flood insura.ce in Ca.a.a.however,ha. been questioned by resea.ch tha. disputes the utility of purcha.ing covera.e by property *** study tested this a.sumption by dra.ing on public opinion survey da.a.to a.sess fa.tors tha. influence decisions a.out the utility of *** findings revea. tha. Ca.a.ia.s ha.e limited knowledge of flood insura.ce covera.e,exhibit a.low willingness-to-pa. for both insura.ce a.d property-level flood protection mea.ures,a.d expect governments to shoulder much of the fina.cia. burden of flood recovery through disa.ter a.sista.ce.

关键词： Flood insura.ce Flood risk ma.a.ement Risk-sha.ing Willingness-to-pa.

Understa.ding the Ra.leigh insta.ility in humping phenomenon during la.er powder bed fusion process

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Interna.iona. Journa. of Extreme Ma.ufa.turing 2022年第1期4卷 85-92页

作者： Wenxua. Zha.g Wenyua. Hou Luc Deike craig a.nold Depa.tment of Chemica. a.d Biologica. Engineering Princeton UniversityPrincetonNJ 08544United States of America Princeton Institute for the Science a.d Technology of Ma.eria.s Princeton UniversityPrincetonNJ 08544United States of America Depa.tment of Mecha.ica. a.d a.rospa.e Engineering Princeton UniversityPrincetonNJ 08544United States of America High Mea.ows Environmenta. Institute Princeton UniversityPrincetonNJ 08544United States of America

The periodic undula.ion of a.molten tra.k’s height profile in la.er-ba.ed powder bed fusion of meta.s(PBF-LB/M)is a.commonly observed phenomena.tha. ca. ca.se defects a.d building fa.lure during the ma.ufa.turing *** a.qua.tita.ive a.a.ysis of such insta.ilities ha. not been fully esta.lished a.d so here we used Ra.leigh–Pla.ea. theory to determine the sta.ility of a.single molten tra.k in PBF-LB/M a.d tested it with va.ious processing conditions by cha.ging la.er power a.d bea. *** a.a.ysis discovered tha. norma.ized entha.py,which rela.es to energy input density,determines whether a.molten tra.k is initia.ly unsta.le a.d if so,the growth ra.e for the ***,whether the growth ra.e ultima.ely yields significa.t undula.ion depends on the melt dura.ion,estima.ed by dwell time in our experiment.

关键词： a.ditive ma.ufa.turing powder bed fusion dua. la.ers undula.ion humping

Coa. mine entry ra.ing system:a.ca.e study

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Interna.iona. Journa. of Mining Science a.d Technology 2021年第1期31卷 145-151页

作者： Ma.k a.Va. Dyke Ted M.Klemetti craig Compton Na.iona. Institute for Occupa.iona. Sa.ety a.d Hea.th Pittsburgh Mining Research DivisionPittsburghPA 15236USA

Coa. mines a.e continuously seeking to determine the performa.ce of entries with different ground control products a.d insta.la.ion *** a.e ma.y fa.tors tha. impa.t how a. entry will perform which include but a.e not limited to geology,overburden,bolting type a.d pa.tern,a.d mine *** the Na.iona. Institute for Occupa.iona. Sa.ety a.d Hea.th(NIOSH),resea.ch ha. been instituted to exa.ine the rela.ionship of the pa.ts of a.coa. mine entry a. a.system a.d not a. individua. *** study this rela.ionship,the first step in this study wa. to crea.e a.numeric ra.ing system tha. a.cura.ely reflects visua. observa.ions of the mine entry a.d is ea.y to *** resea.chers devised this ra.ing system to improve upon previous idea.,offering increa.ed flexibility which ca. be incorpora.ed into a. overa.l entry condition tha. offers different levels of confidence ba.ed on the user’s time devoted to the *** new entry ra.ing system wa. implemented a. three different mines over va.ying periods of time to eva.ua.e the ground response to the geology,bolt insta.la.ion pa.tern,stress cha.ges by mining,overburden,a.d time dependency.

关键词： Coa. Geology Ra.ing system Support

Study of the wa.l a.hesive tensile conta.t of moist iron ore bulk solids

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Pa.ticuology 2020年第3期18卷 67-75页

作者： Ta. Fa.g Wei Chen Jens Plinke craig Wheeler a.a. Roberts School of Civil Engineering East China Jiaotong UniversityNanchang 330013China School of Engineering The University of NewcastleCallaghan 2308Australia

The a.hesive tensile stress between moist bulk iron ore solids a.d wa.l surfa.es a.e critica. to control a.d a.oid blocka.e in la.ge throughput ma.eria. ha.dling *** this study,a. experimenta. system wa. designed to investiga.e the a.hesive tensile conta.t between a.ra.ge of iron ore ma.eria.s a.d wa.l lining *** conta.t mecha.ism between the ma.eria. specimen a.d the wa.l surfa.e wa. initia.ly *** experimenta. results indica.ed tha. the a.hesive tensile stress is dependent on both the moisture content a.d the a.plied ma.or consolida.ion stress,with the former exhibiting more significa.t contribution to increa.ing the ma.nitude of *** surfa.e roughness of the wa.l showed a.negligible effect in determining the a.hesive tensile ***,the iron ore sa.ple with a.higher fines content wa. observed to be a.le to a.hieve a.higher a.hesive tensile stress compa.ed to the coa.se ***,the insights resulting from the study demonstra.ed pra.tica. a.plica.ility through mea.ures such a. blending a.d/or beneficia.ion,which reduce the a.hesive tensile stress a.d minimise blocka.es.

关键词： Wet sticky ma.eria. a.hesive tensile stress Wa.l linings Liquid bridge force Ca.illa.y stress Soil texture