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Microbiome dysbiosis and alcoholic liver disease

Liver Research 2019年第3期3卷 218-226页

作者： Fengyuan Li craig j.mcclain Wenke Feng Department of Medicine Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyAlcohol Research CenterUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA

Microbiome dysbiosis is strongly associated with alcoholic liver disease(ALD).Recent studies on comprehensive analyses of microbiome compositional and functional changes have begun to uncover the mechanistic relation between microbiome and the pathogenesis of ***,targeting the microbiome has become a potential strategy for the prevention and treatment of *** this review,we summarize the clinical evidence of microbiome dysbiosis in ALD patients,and experimental advances in microbiome and metabolomic functional changes in animals with different species and genetic backgrounds in *** also summarize the studies in humanized intestinal microbiome and fecal microbiota transplantation in *** introduce new developments in the studies on the role of the circulating bacterial microbiome,oral bacterial microbiome and fungal microbiome in the development of *** highlight the potential mechanisms by which microbiome dysbiosis contributes to ALD,including short chain fatty acid changes,bile acid metabolism,intestinal barrier function,release of bacterial and fungal products,and *** addition,we summarize the recent developments targeting the microbiome in prevention and treatment of ALD,including dietary nutrient interference,herbal medicine,antibiotics,anti-fungal agents,probiotics,engineered bacterial therapy,fecal transplantation and oral *** recent preclinical studies have advanced our understanding of the microbiome and ALD,clinical studies,especially prospective studies with large samples,are needed to better understand the cause-effect of microbiome dysbiosis in *** new precision-based strategies targeting the microbiome are expected to be developed as more effective therapies in ALD.©2019 The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen *** Services by Elsevier *** behalf of KeAi Communications Co.,*** is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license.

关键词： Microbiome Dysbiosis Alcoholic liver disease(ALD)

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Microbiome data analysis with applications to pre-clinical studies using QIIME2: Statistical considerations

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Genes & Diseases 2021年第2期8卷 215-223页

作者： Shesh N.Rai Chen Qian jianmin Pan jayesh P.Rai Ming Song juhi Bagaitkar Michael Merchant Matthew Cave Nejat K.Egilmez craig j.mcclain Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Facility James Graham Brown Cancer CenterUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKY40202USA Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics University of LouisvilleLouisvilleKY40202USA University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center University of LouisvilleLouisvilleKY40202USA University of Louisville Hepatobiology&Toxicology Center University of LouisvilleLouisvilleKY40202USA Department of Oral Immunology&Infectious Diseases University of LouisvilleLouisvilleKY40202USA Department of Medicine University of LouisvilleLouisvilleKY40202USA Robley Rex Louisville VAMC LouisvilleKY40206USA Department of Microbiology&Immunology University of LouisvilleLouisvilleKY40202USA

Diversity analysis and taxonomic profiles can be generated from marker-gene sequence data with the help of many available computational *** Quantitative Insights into Microbial Ecology Version 2(QIIME2)has been widely used for 16S rRNA data *** many articles have demonstrated the use of QIIME2 with suitable datasets,the application to preclinical data has rarely been talked *** issues involved in the pre-clinical data include the low-quality score and small sample size that should be addressed properly during *** addition,there are few articles that discuss the detailed statistical methods behind those alpha and beta diversity significance tests that researchers are eager to *** the program without knowing the logic behind it is extremely *** this article,we first provide a guideline for analyzing 16S rRNA data using *** we will talk about issues in pre-clinical data,and how they could impact the ***,we provide brief explanations of statistical methods such as group significance tests and sample size calculation.

关键词： 16S rRNA gene Alpha diversity ANOVA Beta diversity Bioinformatics Microbiome data QIIME Sample size calculation

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Dietary fatty acids and bioactive fatty acid metabolites in alcoholic liver disease

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Liver Research 2019年第3期3卷 206-217页

作者： Kara H.Zirnheld Dennis R.Warner jeffrey B.Warner josiah E.Hardesty craig j.mcclain Irina A.Kirpich Division of Gastroenterology Hepatologyand NutritionDepartment of MedicineUniversity of Louisville School of MedicineLouisvilleKYUSA Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology University of Louisville School of MedicineLouisvilleKYUSA University of Louisville Alcohol Center University of Louisville School of MedicineLouisvilleKYUSA Robley Rex Veterans Medical Center LouisvilleKYUSA

Alcoholic liver disease(ALD)comprises a spectrum of liver pathology,including steatosis,steatohepatitis,and *** work from our group and others suggests that dietary fat,both the amount and composition,plays a pivotal role in ALD development and progression;however,the impact of specific dietary fatty acids on ALD pathogenesis is not fully *** rodent models of ALD revealed the deleterious effects of omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids(n-6 PUFAs),specifically linoleic acid(LA),and this may be partially attributed to the increased levels of pro-inflammatory oxidized LA *** is limited understanding regarding the role of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids(n-3 PUFAs,such as alpha-linolenic acid,eicosapentaenoic acid,and docosahexaenoic acid),and bioactive n-3 PUFAderived lipid molecules in *** that majority of n-6 and n-3 PUFAs-derived metabolites are potent endogenous signaling molecules,knowledge regarding the changes in these lipid mediators may shed new light on the mechanisms contributing to ALD pathogenesis and reveal novel therapeutic targets and biomarkers of this *** current review summarizes relevant scientific literature regarding the role of dietary fat,distinct fatty acids,and bioactive fatty acid metabolites in ALD,and highlights recent advances in the field.

关键词： Dietary fatty acids Bioactive fatty acid metabolites Alcoholic liver disease(ALD) Omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids(n-6 PUFAs) Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids(n-3 PUFAs)

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Histone modifications and alcohol-induced liver disease:Are altered nutrients the missing link?

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World journal of Gastroenterology 2011年第20期17卷 2465-2472页

作者： Akshata Moghe Swati joshi-Barve Smita Ghare Leila Gobejishvili Irina Kirpich craig j.mcclain Shirish Barve University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology University of Louisville Department of Internal Medicine Division of GastroenterologyHepatology and NutritionUniversity of Louisville Robley Rex Veterans Affairs Medical Center

Alcoholism is a major health problem in the United States and worldwide,and alcohol remains the single most significant cause of liver-related diseases and *** is known to influence nutritional status at many levels including nutrient intake,absorption,utilization,and excretion,and can lead to many nutritional disturbances and *** can dramatically affect gene expression and alcohol-induced nutrient imbalance may be a major contributor to pathogenic gene expression in alcohol-induced liver disease(ALD).There is growing interest regarding epigenetic changes,including histone modifications that regulate gene expression during disease ***,modifications of core histones in the nucleosome regulate chromatin structure and DNA methylation,and control gene *** review highlights the role of nutrient disturbances brought about during alcohol metabolism and their impact on epigenetic histone modifications that may contribute to *** review is focused on four critical metabolites,namely,acetate,S-adenosylmethionine,nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and zinc that are particularly relevant to alcohol metabolism and ALD.

关键词： Alcohol Liver disease Nutrients Metabolism Histone Epigenetic modifications S-adenosylmethionine Acetate Zinc NAD

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Unified methodology for site-characterization and sampling of highway runoff

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2010年第1期4卷 47-58页

作者： jy S.WU craig j.ALLAN Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of North Carolina at CharlotteCharlotteNC 28223USA 2 Department of Geography and Earth SciencesUniversity of North Carolina at CharlotteCharlotteNC 28223USA

Hydrology,roadway traffic conditions,and atmospheric deposition are three essential data categories for the planning and implementation of highway-runoff monitoring and characterization *** variables pertaining to each data category could be site specific but have been shown to correlate with runoff pollutant *** data categories were combined to derive statistical relationships for characterization and prioritization of the respective pollutant loads at highway runoff *** runoff data of total suspended solids(TSS),total dissolved solid(TDS),chemical oxygen demand(COD),total Kjeldahl nitrogen(TKN)and total phosphorus(TP)collected from three highway sites in Charlotte,North Carolina,USA,were used to illustrate the development of site-specific highway-runoff pollutant loading *** unified methodology provides a basis for initial assessment of the pollutant-constituent loads from highway runoff using hydrologic component *** reliability is achievable when additional traffic and/or atmospheric component variables are incorporated into the basic hydrologic regression *** addition,operational guidance is suggested for implementing highway-runoff monitoring programs that are subject to sampling and resources constraints.

关键词： highway runoff pollutant loads regression models non-point source pollution storm water permit

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Elevated Linoleic Acid (A Pro-Inflammatory PUFA) and Liver Injury in a Treatment Naive HIV-HCV Co-Infected Alcohol Dependent Patient

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journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2016年第7期4卷 23-27页

作者： Vatsalya Vatsalya Shirish S. Barve craig j. mcclain Vijay A. Ramchandani Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition Department of Medicine University of Louisville School of Medicine Louisville USA Section on Human Psychopharmacology LCTS/DICBR/NIAAA at National Institutes of Health Bethesda USA Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology University of Louisville School of Medicine Louisville USA Robley Rex VA Medical Center Louisville USA

HIV and HCV co-infection is a unique disease condition, and medical management of such condition is difficult due to severity and systemic complications. Added with heavy alcohol drinking, risk of liver injury increases due to several pro-inflammatory responses that subsequently get involved with alcohol metabolism. Elevated levels of fatty acids have been reported both in viral infections as well as alcoholic liver disease though such investigations have not addressed the adverse event with dual viral infection of HIV and HCV along with heavy drinking. This case report of a patient with excessive alcohol drinking and first time diagnosis of HIV and HCV dual infection, elaborating concurrent alteration in Linoleic Acid (LA) levels and pro-inflammatory shift in ω-6/ω-3 ratio along with the elevations in liver injury markers. Elevated LA has been recently studied extensively for its role in alcoholic liver disease;and in the present case, we also found it to be clinically relevant to liver injury.

关键词： Alcohol Fatty Acids HCV HIV Liver Injury

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Correlation of MRI-determined small bowel Crohn’s disease categories with medical response and surgical pathology

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World journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第27期15卷 3367-3375页

作者： Ian craig Lawrance Christopher j Welman Peter Shipman Kevin Murray School of Medicine and Pharmacology University of Western AustraliaFremantle Hospital WA 6160 Australia Department of Gastroenterology Fremantle Hospital WA 6160 Australia Department of Radiology Fremantle Hospital WA 6160 Australia Statistical Consulting Group School of Mathematics and Statistics University of Western AustraliaWA 6160 Australia

AIM: To determine whether magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be used to categorize small bowel Crohn's disease (SB CD) into groups that correlate with response to medical therapy and surgical ***: Data was collected from all patients with MRI evidence of SB CD without significant colonic disease over a 32-mo period. Two radiologists, blinded to clinical findings, evaluated each MRI and grouped them based on bowel wall thickness and wall enhancement. These categories were: (1) "fibrosis", (2) "mild segmental hyper-enhancement and mild wall thickening", (3) "mild segmental hyper-enhancement and marked wall thickening", (4) "marked segmental transmural hyper-enhancement". Patient response to additional medical therapy post-MRI was prospectively determined at 8-wk. Non-responders underwent endoscopy and were offered therapeutic endoscopy or surgery. Surgical pathology was assessed against the MRI category. RESULTS: Fifty-five patients were included. Females and category "2" patients were more likely, and patients with luminal narrowing and hold-up less likely, to respond to medical therapy (P < 0.05). Seventeen patients underwent surgery. The surgical pathologicalfindings of fibrosis and the severity of inflammation correlated with the MRI category in all ***: Our fi ndings suggest that SB CD can be grouped by the MRI f indings and that these groups are associated with patients more likely to respond to continued medical therapy. The MRI categories also correlated with the presence and level of intestinal inflammation and fibrosis on surgical pathology, and may be of prognostic use in the management of CD patients.

关键词： Magnetic resonance imaging Crohn's disease Fibrosis Prognosis Pathology

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SimMarket research student playbook / Nancy j. Nentl, craig Miller.

SimMarket research student playbook / Nancy J. Nentl, Craig ...

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2003年

作者： Nancy j. Nentl craig Miller.

来源：畅想之星图书光盘版（南... 评论

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Dielectrophoretic assembly of carbon nanotubes and stability analysis

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2013年第4期23卷 367-373页

作者： Libao An craig Friedrich College of Mechanical Engineering Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Inorganic Nonmetallic MaterialsHebei United University Department of Mechanical Engineering-Engineering Mechanics Multi-Scale Technologies InstituteMichigan Technological University

Nanoscale dimensions and remarkable properties of carbon nanotubes make them promising building blocks for *** requirement is the need to manipulate single or multiple carbon nanotubes to bridge electronic *** this paper,multi-walled carbon nanotubes with a variety of sizes are assembled onto electrodes using alternative current electric felds by *** effect of the dielectrophoretic parameters and the nanotube size as well as the length uniformity on the assembly is experimentally ***–voltage characteristics of assembled carbon nanotubes are *** experimental results showed that both the dielectrophoretic parameters and length uniformity of carbon nanotubes have an infuence on the stability of assembly *** uniform carbon nanotubes with an appropriate length and suffcient stiffness,which are more controllable by dielectrophoresis,is necessary for an assembly of a small number of carbon nanotubes.

关键词： Carbon nanotube Assembly Dielectrophoresis Process parameter Stability

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Dominant species of mid-elevation grasslands of the uKhahlamba-Drakensberg Park are predicted to be largely immune to climate change

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journal of Mountain Science 2023年第9期20卷 2468-2486页

作者： Debbie jEWITT craig D.MORRIS Tim G.O’CONNOR Michelle j.TEDDER Ezemvelo KZN Wildlife Scientific ServicesPO Box 13053Cascades 3202South Africa School of Animal Plant and Environmental SciencesUniversity of the WitwatersrandJohannesburgPrivate Bag X3WITS 2050South Africa Agricultural Research Council-Animal Production(ARC-AP) ℅School of Life Sciences University of KwaZulu-NatalPrivate Bag X01Scottsville 3209PietermaritzburgSouth Africa School of Life Sciences University of KwaZulu-NatalPrivate Bag X01Scottsville 3209PietermaritzburgSouth Africa

Anticipating global change impact on natural vegetation,especially in poorly researched systems,requires an understanding of the environmental factors that most strongly influence the organisation of plant communities at different *** environmental relations of plant communities in the Drakensberg mountains of South Africa remain poorly *** study investigated the influence of selected environmental determinants on the dominant species of plant community organisation in this *** order to provide an overview of the influence of the environment on botanical composition and plant diversity,this study,conducted as four discrete exercises,investigated the interplay of altitude,aspect and slope on the abundance of selected species,and to examine the influence of latitude,geological substrate and local topography on species *** diversity showed no pattern of response to investigated environmental *** composition was related to temperature and solarradiation *** altitude sites facing east were distinct for non-graminoid *** and latitude exerted a pronounced effect on species composition,confounded by longitude and precipitation *** substrate,in concert with slope steepness and orientation,influenced composition,restricting the abundance but not distribution of some *** individualistic responses were found for C_3,C_4,and non-graminoid species in relation to altitude,slope and *** and aspect mediate the effects of altitude and hence temperature for some *** study has demonstrated the complexity of drivers influencing species and compositional distribution in the Drakensberg and permits a preliminary consideration of potential changes in the composition and dominance structure of mid-elevation grasslands in response to climate *** dominant grass species were widespread across environmental gradients,occupying currently warm,cool,moist and dry habitats

关键词： Drakensberg Environmental gradients Grasslands Mountain biodiversity Vegetation

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