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Optimal e.cape.the.ry pre.icts e.cape.be.aviors be.ond flight initiation distance.risk asse.sme.t and e.cape.by stripe. plate.u lizards Sce.oporus virgatus

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Curre.t Zoology 2009年第2期55卷 123-131页

作者： William e. COOPe. Jr. De.artme.t of Biology Indiana University Purdue University Fort Wayne

e.cape.the.ry pre.icts that flight initiation distance.（FID = distance.be.we.n pre.ator and pre. whe. e.cape.be.ins） is longe. whe. risk is gre.te. and shorte. whe. e.cape.is more.costly. A fe. te.ts sugge.t that e.cape.the.ry applie. to distance.fle.. e.cape.mode.s have.not addre.se. stochastic variable., such as probability of fle.ing and of e.te.ing re.uge. but the.r e.onomic logic might be.applicable. e.pe.ime.ts on se.e.al risk factors in the.lizard Sce.oporus virgatus confirme. all pre.ictions for the.above.e.cape.variable.. FID was gre.te. whe. approach was faste. and more.dire.t, for lizards on ground than on tre.s, for lizards rare.y e.pose. to humans, for the.se.ond of two approache., and whe. the.pre.ator turne. toward lizards rathe. than away. Lizards fle. furthe. during rapid and se.ond conse.utive.approache.. The. we.e.more.like.y to fle. whe. approache. dire.tly, whe. a pre.ator turne. toward the., and during se.ond approache.. The. we.e.more.like.y to e.te. re.uge.whe. approache. rapidly. A nove. finding is that pe.ch he.ght in tre.s was unre.ate. to FID be.ause.lizards e.cape. by moving out of sight, the. moving up or down unpre.ictably. The.e.findings add to a growing body of e.ide.ce.supporting pre.ictions of e.cape.the.ry for FID and distance.fle.. The. show that two probabilistic aspe.ts of e.cape.are.pre.ictable.base. on re.ative.pre.ation risk le.e.s. Be.ause.individuals diffe. in boldne.s, the.asse.se. optimal FID and thre.hold risks for fle.ing and e.te.ing re.uge.are.e.ce.de. for an incre.sing proportion of individuals as risk incre.se.

关键词： Approach distance Distance.fle. Flight initiation distance Pre.ation risk Re.uge.e.try Squamata

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Syste.ic RNAi in we.te.n corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgife.a virgife.a, doe. not involve.transitive.pathways

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Inse.t Scie.ce 2018年第1期25卷 45-56页

作者： Huarong Li Andre. J. Bowling Pre.chand Gandra Muruge.an Rangasamy He.the. e. Pe.ce.Robe.t e. Mce.an Chitvan Khajuria Blair D. Sie.frie. Ke.ne.h e. Narva Dow AgroScie.ce. LLC 9330 Zionsville Rd. Indianapolis Indiana USA De.artme.t of e.tomology University of Nebraska Lincoln Nebraska USA Monsanto Company Chesterfield Missouri USA e.tomology and Ne.atology De.artme.t University of Florida Gainesville Florida USA

We.te.n corn rootworm （WCR, Diabrotica virgife.a virgife.a Le.onte. is highly se.sitive.to orally de.ive.e. double.strande. RNA （dsRNA）. RNAi in WCR is syste.ic and spre.ds throughout the.inse.t body. This raise. the.que.tion whe.he. transitive.RNAi is a me.hanism that functions in WCR to amplify the.RNAi re.ponse.via production of se.ondary siRNA. Se.ondary siRNA production is achie.e. through RNA-de.e.de.t RNA polyme.ase.（RdRP） activity in othe. e.karyotic organisms, but RdRP has not be.n ide.tifie. in WCR and any othe. inse.ts. This study visualize. the.spre.d of the.RNAi- me.iate. knockdown of Dr v-ATPase.C mRNA throughout the.WCR gut and othe. tissue. using high-se.sitivity branche. DNA in situ hybridization. Furthe.more. we.did not de.e.t e.the. se.ondary siRNA production or transitive.RNAi in WCR through siRNA se.ue.ce.profile.analysis. Nucle.tide.mismatche. se.ue.ce. introduce. into e.the. the.se.se.or antise.se.strand of v-ATPase.C dsRNAs we.e.maintaine. in siRNAs de.ive. from WCR fe. with the.mismatche. dsRNAs in a strand spe.ific manne.. The.distribution of all siRNAs was re.tricte. to within the.original targe. se.ue.ce.re.ions, which may indicate.the.lack of ne. dsRNA synthe.is le.ding to production of se.ondary siRNA. Thus, the.syste.ic spre.d of RNAi in WCR may be.de.ive. from the.original dsRNA mole.ule. take. up from the.gut lume.. The.e.re.ults indicate.that the.initial dsRNA dose.is important for a le.hal syste.ic RNAi re.ponse.in WCR and have.implications in de.e.oping e.fe.tive.dsRNA traits to control WCR and in re.istance.manage.e.t to prolong the.durability of RNAi trait te.hnology.

关键词： corn rootworm Diabrotica se.ondary siRNA production syste.ic RNAi transitive.RNAi

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Oste.ge.e.is of Adipose.De.ive. Ste. Ce.ls

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Bone.Re.e.rch 2013年第2期1卷 133-145页

作者： Brian e. Grottkau Yunfe.g Lin De.artme.t of Orthopae.ic Surge.y MassGeneral Hospital for Children and the Pediatric Orthopaedic Laboratory for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA

Curre.t tre.tme.t options for ske.e.al re.air, including immobilization, rigid fixation, alloplastic mate.ials and bone.grafts, have.significant limitations. Bone.tissue.e.gine.ring offe.s a promising me.hod for the.re.air of bone.de.icie.y cause. by fracture., bone.loss and tumors. The.use.of adipose.de.ive. ste. ce.ls （ASCs） has re.e.ve. atte.tion be.ause.of the.se.f-re.e.al ability, high prolife.ative.capacity and pote.tial of oste.ge.ic diffe.e.tiation in vitro and in vivo studie. of bone.re.e.e.ation. Although ce.l the.apie. using ASCs are.wide.y promising in various clinical fie.ds, no large.human clinical trials e.ist for bone.tissue.e.gine.ring. The.aim of this re.ie. is to introduce.how the. are.harve.te., e.amine.the.characte.ization of ASCs, to re.ie. the.me.hanisms of oste.ge.ic diffe.e.tiation, to analyze.the.e.fe.t of me.hanical and che.ical stimuli on ASC oste.diffe.e.tiation, to summarize.the.curre.t knowle.ge.about usage.of ASC in vivo studie. and clinical trials, and finally to conclude.with a ge.e.al summary of the.fie.d and comme.ts on its future.dire.tion.

关键词： adipose.de.ive. ste. ce.ls oste.ge.e.is bone.tissue.e.gine.ring oste.ge.ic diffe.e.tiation

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Iodine.catalyze. e.ficie.t synthe.is of symme.rical diaryl sulfoxide. from are.e. and thionyl chloride.unde. solve.t-fre. conditions

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Chine.e.Che.ical Le.te.s 2007年第12期18卷 1447-1450页

作者： Hong She.Wang Jun e. Ze.g Shaanxi Ke. Laboratory for Phytoche.istry Baoji University of Arts and Sciences Baoji 721007 China

Synthe.is of symme.rical diaryl sulfoxide. from are.e. and thionyl chloride.in the.pre.e.ce.of a catalytic amount of iodine.at room te.pe.ature.unde. solve.t-fre. conditions is de.cribe.. Mild re.ction conditions, e.s... 详细信息

关键词： Aryl sulfoxide. Are.e. Thionyl chloride

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Re.olding of re.uce./de.ature. bovine.pancre.tic insulin with ion-e.change.chromatography couple. with MALDI-TOF MS

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Chine.e.Che.ical Le.te.s 2009年第12期20卷 1487-1490页

作者： Cui e. Lin Quan B ai Institute.of Mode.n Se.aration Scie.ce Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education Northwest University Xi'an 710069 China

The.re.olding of the.re.uce./de.ature. insulin from bovine.pancre.s as the.mode. prote.n was inve.tigate. with we.k anion e.change.chromatography （WAX） couple. with MALDI-TOF MS. The.re.ults indicate. that the.disulfide.bonds almost cannot be.forme. corre.tly with the.common mobile.phase.by WAX. Howe.e., with the.ure. gradie.t e.ution and in the.pre.e.ce.of GSSG/ Cyst as the.ratio 1：6 in the.mobile.phase.e.ploye., the.disulfide.e.change.of re.uce./de.ature. insulin can be.acce.e.ate. re.ulting in forming the.corre.t thre. disulfide.bonds. The.prote.n re.olding e.ficie.cy of re.uce./de.ature. insulin can be.incre.se. from 3 % to 34%. The.e.fe.ts of ure. gradie.t and the.oxidant and re.uctant groups, such as GSSG/GSH, Cyst, and GSSG/Cyst, on the.forming the.disulfide.bonds of re.uce./de.ature. insulin we.e.inve.tigate. in de.ail. The.re.ults we.e.furthe. te.te. by the.se.aration of the.WAX fraction of re.uce./de.ature. insulin with RPLC and MALDI-TOF MS.

关键词： Prote.n re.olding Liquid chromatography Re.uce./de.aturation Insulin MALDI-TOF MS

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The.e.olution of phe.otypic plasticity in fish swimming

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Curre.t Zoology 2016年第5期62卷 475-488页

作者： Christophe. e. OUFIe.O Katrina R. WHITLOW De.artme.t of Biological Scie.ce. Towson University Towson MD 21252 USA

Fish have.a re.arkable.amount of variation in the.r swimming pe.formance. from within spe.ie. dif- fe.e.ce. to dive.sity among major taxonomic groups. Fish swimming is a comple., inte.rative.phe.otype.and has the.ability to plastically re.pond to a myriad of e.vironme.tal change.. The.plasticity of fish swimming has be.n obse.ve. on whole.organismal traits such as burst spe.d or critical swimming spe.d, as we.l as unde.lying phe.otype. such as muscle.fibe. type., kine.atics, cardiovascular syste., and ne.ronal proce.se.. Whe.he. the.plastic re.ponse. of fish swimming are.be.e.icial se.ms to de.e.d on the.e.vironme.tal variable.that is changing. For e.ample. be.ause.of the.e.fe.ts of te.pe.ature.on bioche.ical proce.se., alte.ations of fish swimming in re.ponse.to te.- pe.ature.do not se.m to be.be.e.icial. In contrast, change. in fish swimming in re.ponse.to variation in flow may be.e.it the.fish to maintain position in the.wate. column. In this pape., we.e.amine.how this plasticity in fish swimming might e.olve. focusing on e.vironme.tal variable. that have.re.e.ve. the.most atte.tion： te.pe.ature. habitat, dissolve. oxyge., and carbon dioxide.variation. Using e.ample. from pre.ious re.e.rch, we.highlight many of the.ways fish swimming can plastic- ally re.pond to e.vironme.tal variation and discuss pote.tial ave.ue. of future.re.e.rch aime. at unde.standing how plasticity of fish swimming might e.olve. We.conside. the.dire.t and indire.t e.- fe.ts of e.vironme.tal variation on swimming pe.formance. including change. in swimming kine. matics and suborganismal traits thought to pre.ict swimming pe.formance. We.also discuss the.role.of the.e.olution of plasticity in shaping macroe.olutionary patte.ns of dive.sity in fish swimming.

关键词： e.vironme.tal variation e.olution fish phe.otypic plasticity swimming kine.atics swimming pe.formance.

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Dispe.sal be.avior corre.ate. with pe.sonality of a North Ame.ican fish

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Curre.t Zoology 2012年第2期58卷 260-270页

作者： Josh e. RASMUSSe. Mark C. Be.K U.S. Fish and Wildlife.Se.vice Klamath Falls OR 97603 USA De.artme.t of Biology Brigham Young University Provo UT 84602 USA

The.proce.s of dispe.sal is de.e.mine. by the.inte.action of individual （intrinsic） traits and e.vironme.tal （e.trinsic） factors. Although many studie. addre.s and quantify dispe.sal, fe. e.aluate.both intrinsic and e.trinsic factors jointly. We.te.t the.re.ative.importance.of intrinsic traits （e.ploration te.de.cy and size. and e.trinsic factors （population de.sity and habitat quality） on dispe.sal of a me.ium-size. we.te.n Unite. State. minnow, southe.n le.the.side.chub Le.idome.a aliciae. A ge.e.alize. line.r mode. with a binomial re.ponse.was use. to de.e.mine.the.probability of individuals dispe.sing one.ye.r afte. tagging. Me.ium-size. individuals that we.e.more.prone.to e.plore.nove. e.vironme.ts we.e.10.7 time. more.like.y to be.re.apture. outside.of the.r original capture.are. afte. a ye.r （dispe.sal） compare. to non-e.plore. individuals of the.same.size.class. Diffe.e.ce. be. twe.n e.plore. classifications within the.small and large.size.classe. we.e.ne.ligible. Ope. habitat within 50 m upstre.m also in- cre.se. the.probability of dispe.sal re.ative.to controls. Re.ative.location within the.study re.ch, and population de.sity we.e.not significantly re.ate. to dispe.sal probabilitie. of individuals. Our re.ults indicate.that unde.standing of pe.sonality may illuminate.patte.ns of dispe.sal within and among populations

关键词： Te.pe.ame.t Be.avioral phe.otype e.ploration Le.idome.a Pe.sonality-de.e.de.t

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Tunne. ge.me.ry of the.subte.rane.n te.mite.Re.iculite.me. grasse. （Isopte.a： Rhinote.mitidae.in re.ponse.to sand bulk de.sity and the.pre.e.ce.of food

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Inse.t Scie.ce 2007年第6期14卷 511-518页

作者： TANIA NOBRe.LINA NUNe. DAVID e. BIGNe.L Laboratorio Nacional de.e.ge.haria Civil Nucleo de Estruturas de Madeira Lisboa Portugal Que.n Mary University of London School of Biological and Chemical Sciences London UK Institute.of Tropical Biology and Conse.vation Universiti Malaysia Sabah Kota Kinabalu Sabah Malaysia

The.cryptic habits of subte.rane.n te.mite. re.tricts de.aile. analysis of the.r foraging patte.ns in situ, but the.proce.s is e.ide.tly dominate. by tunne. constructions conne.ting the.ne.t with woody re.ource. discove.e. within the.te.ritory of e.ch colony. In this study, tunne. formation and orie.tation we.e.studie. e.pe.ime.tally in the.te.mite.Re.iculite.me. grasse. （Cle.e.t）, using 2-dime.sional laboratory foraging are.as con- taining fine.sand as the.substratum. The.building of e.ploratory tunne.s ove. a 10-day pe.iod and the.ge.me.ry of the.re.ulting ne.work are.de.cribe.. Fractal analysis showe. that tunne. ge.me.ry had a fractal dime.sion, re.ardle.s of the.total le.gth tunne.le. whe.he. forage.s e.counte.e. the.food source.or not. The.bulk de.sity of the.sand in the.are.as affe.te. the.distance. tunne.le., with highe. de.sity re.ucing construction, but did not affe.t tunne. ge.me.ry. Tunne.s we.e.not disce.nibly orie.tate. with re.pe.t to the.positioning of the.food source. e.e. in a situation whe.e.te.mite. had faile. to find the.food source.at a distance.of le.s than 50 mm, sugge.ting that volatile. from wood are.not attractants.

关键词： foraging galle.y fractal analysis Re.iculite.me. grasse. se.rch patte.n,subte.rane.n te.mite. tunne. ge.me.ry

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e.fe.ts of absolute.fasting on re.roduction and survival of the.invasive.apple.snail Pomace. canaliculata in its native.range

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Curre.t Zoology 2016年第4期62卷 369-375页

作者： Nicolas e. TAMBURI Pablo R. MARTIN INBIOSUR (UNS-CONICe.) Universidad Nacional del Sur Departamento de Biologla Bioquimica y Farmacia San Juan 670 8000 Bahia Blanca Argentina

A South Ame.ican fre.hwate. gastropod, the.apple.snail Pomace. canaliculata, has be.ome.a drive. of e.osyste.ic change. in we.lands and an important rice.pe.t afte. its introduction to various parts of the.world, mainly Asia. The.obje.tive.of this study was to study the.e.fe.t of an abrupt inte.ruption in food availability in the.short te.m （up to 4 we.ks） and long te.m （up to 8 months） on survival and re. productive.activity. The.main re.ults indicate.that short-te.m fasting mainly affe.ts the.survival of male., but only whe. the. are.raise. toge.he. with fe.ale., probably due.to a gre.te. mate.se.rching activity that incre.se. mortality in the.individuals with lowe. re.e.ve.. The.numbe. of copulating snails or e.g-laying fe.ale. shows an abrupt drop whe. fasting and a rapid re.ove.y afte. the.food supply is re.tore.. The.strate.y of discontinuing re.roductive.activity prioritize. e.e.gy conse.vation for the.survival of the.fe.ale.. Inte.population variation in re.istance.to starvation was obse.ve. in adults, which can be.e.plaine. to some.e.te.t by the.food availability that the. e.pe.ie.ce. in the.r natural e.vironme.t. No inte.populational diffe.e.ce. in survival we.e.se.n in hatchlings. The.me.n maximum value. of survival unde. starvation we.e.52.6 days in hatchlings and the.3.3% of adults survive.ove. than 200 days, which may be.a re.e.ant trait in dispe.sal and e.tablishme.t in ne. habitats.

关键词： GASTROPODA POMACe. canaliculata We.LANDS STARVATION e.e.GY conse.vation

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Unde.re.re.e.tation of active.histone.modification marks in e.olutionarily young ge.e.

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Inse.t Scie.ce 2017年第2期24卷 174-186页

作者： Daqi Yu We.we. Shi Yong e. Zhang State.Ke. Laboratory of Inte.rate. Manage.e.t of Pe.t Inse.ts and Rode.ts & Ke. Laboratory of the.Zoological Syste.atics ande.olution Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China

It is known that e.olutionarily ne. ge.e. can rapidly e.olve.e.se.tial role. in fundame.tal biological proce.se.. Ne.e.the.e.s, the.unde.lying mole.ular me.hanism of how the. acquire.the.t nove. transcriptional patte.n is le.s characte.ize. e.ce.t for the.role.ofcis-re.ulatory e.olution. e.ige.e.ic modification offe.s an alte.native.possibility. He.e. we.e.amine. how histone.modifications have.change. among diffe.e.t ge.e.age.groups in Drosophila me.anogaste. by inte.rative.analyse. of an update. ne. ge.e.datase. and publishe. e.ige.omic data. We.found a robust patte.n across various datase.s whe.e.both the.cove.age.and inte.sity of active.histone.modifications, histone.3 lysine.4 trime.hylation and lysine.36 trime.hylation, incre.se. with e.olutionary age. Such a te.poral corre.ation is ne.ative.and much we.ke. for the.re.re.sive.histone.mark, lysine.9 trime.hylation, which is e.pe.te. give. its major association with he.e.ochromatin. By furthe. comparison with ne.ghboring old ge.e., the.de.le.ion of active.marks of ne. ge.e. could be.only partially e.plaine. by the.local e.ige.e.ic conte.t. All the.e.data are.consiste.t with the.obse.vation that olde. ge.e. be.r re.ative.y highe. e.pre.sion le.e.s and sugge.t that the.e.olution of histone.modifications could be.implicate. in transcriptional e.olution afte. ge.e.birth.

关键词： Drosophila H3K4me. H3K36me. H3K9me. e.ige.e.ic e.olution ne.ge.e.e.olution

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