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GREENHOUSE GAS AND AMMONIA EMISSION MITIGATION PRIORITIES FOR UK POLICY TARGETS

Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2023年第2期10卷 268-280页

作者： Sarah BUCKINGHAM Cairistiona F.E.TOPP Pete SMITH Vera EORY David R.CHADWICK Christina K.BAXTER Joanna M.CLOY Shaun CONNOLLY Emily C.COOLEDGE Nicholas J.COWAN Julia DREWER colm duffy Naomi JFOX Asma JEBARI Becky JENKINS Dominika J.KROL Karina A.MARSDEN Graham A.MCAULIFFE Steven J.MORRISON Vincent O'FLAHERTY Rachael RAMSEY Karl G.RICHARDS Rainer ROEHE Jo SMITH Kate SMITH Taro TAKAHASHI Rachel E.THORMAN John WILLIAMS Jeremy WILTSHIRE Robert M.REES Scotland’s Rural College EdinburghEH93JGUK Institute of Biological&Environmental Sciences AberdeenAB243UUUK School of Natural Sciences Bangor UniversityBangorGwyneddLL572DGUK Agricultural Development and Advisory Service(ADAS) BoxworthCambridgeCB234NNUK School of Biological and Chemical Sciences University of GalwayH91 TK33Ireland Centre for Ecology and Hydrology Bush EstateMidlothianEH260QBUK The James Hutton Institute DundeeDD25DAUK Rothamsted Research North WykeOkehamptonDevonEX202SBUK Ricardo Energy&Environment HarwellOxonOX110QRUK Environment Soils and Land Use DepartmentTeagascCounty WexfordY35 TC97Ireland Agri-food and Biosciences Institute HillsboroughCounty DownBT266DRUK Bristol Veterinary School University of BristolSomersetBS405DUUK

Agriculture is essential for providing food and maintaining food security while concurrently delivering multiple other ecosystem services. However,agricultural systems are generally a net source of greenhouse gases and ammonia. They, therefore, need to substantively contribute to climate change mitigation and net zero ambitions. It is widely acknowledged that there is a need to further reduce and mitigate emissions across sectors, including agriculture to address the climate emergency and emissions gap. This discussion paper outlines a collation of opinions from a range of experts within agricultural research and advisory roles following a greenhouse gas and ammonia emission mitigation workshop held in the UK in March 2022. The meeting identified the top mitigation priorities within the UK's agricultural sector to achieve reductions in greenhouse gases and ammonia that are compatible with policy targets. In addition, experts provided an overview of what they believe are the key knowledge gaps, future opportunities and cobenefits to mitigation practices as well as indicating the potential barriers to uptake for mitigation scenarios discussed.

关键词： agriculture ammonia greenhouse gas mitigation net zero

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Computer-based Creativity Enhanced Conceptual Design Model for Non-routine Design of Mechanical Systems

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Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering 2014年第6期27卷 1083-1098页

作者： LI Yutong WANG Yuxin duffy Alex H B Department of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering China University of Petroleum Design Manufacture and Engineering ManagementUniversity of Strathclyde

Computer-based conceptual design for routine design has made great strides, yet non-routine design has not been given due attention, and it is still poorly automated. Considering that the function-behavior-structure（FBS） model is widely used for modeling the conceptual design process, a computer-based creativity enhanced conceptual design model（CECD） for non-routine design of mechanical systems is presented. In the model, the leaf functions in the FBS model are decomposed into and represented with fine-grain basic operation actions（BOA）, and the corresponding BOA set in the function domain is then constructed. Choosing building blocks from the database, and expressing their multiple functions with BOAs, the BOA set in the structure domain is formed. Through rule-based dynamic partition of the BOA set in the function domain, many variants of regenerated functional schemes are generated. For enhancing the capability to introduce new design variables into the conceptual design process, and dig out more innovative physical structure schemes, the indirect function-structure matching strategy based on reconstructing the combined structure schemes is adopted. By adjusting the tightness of the partition rules and the granularity of the divided BOA subsets, and making full use of the main function and secondary functions of each basic structure in the process of reconstructing of the physical structures, new design variables and variants are introduced into the physical structure scheme reconstructing process, and a great number of simpler physical structure schemes to accomplish the overall function organically are figured out. The creativity enhanced conceptual design model presented has a dominant capability in introducing new deign variables in function domain and digging out simpler physical structures to accomplish the overall function, therefore it can be utilized to solve non-routine conceptual design problem.

关键词： conceptual design non-routine design creative enhance model computer-based approach mathematical expression

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Investigation of a ship resonance through numerical simulation

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2020年第5期32卷 969-983页

作者： S.S.Kianejad Hossein Enshaei Jonathan duffy Nazanin Ansarifard Australian Maritime College University of TasmaniaLauncestonAustralia

Understanding dynamic stability of a ship on a resonance frequency is important because comparatively smaller external forces and moments generate larger *** roll motion is most susceptible because of smaller restoring *** studies related to the failure modes such as parametric roll and dead ship condition,identified by second generation of intact stability criteria(SGISC)are performed at a resonance ***,the nature of resonance,where the model experiences an incremental roll motion,has not been well *** this study,nonlinear unsteady computational fluid dynamics(CFD)simulations were conducted to investigate the resonance phenomenon using a containership under a sinusoidal roll exciting *** capture the complexity of the phenomenon,simulations were conducted over a range of frequencies to cover the resonance frequency including lower and higher *** addition to the resonance frequency,the phase shift between roll exciting moment and roll angle,as well as the phase difference between acceleration and roll angle,were found to have significant effects on the occurrence of resonance.

关键词： Resonance harmonic excited roll motion natural frequency phase shift phase difference

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Update on obesity surgery

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第20期12卷 3196-3203页

作者： Dan Eisenberg Andrew J duffy Robert L Bell Department of Surgery Yale University School of Medicine 40 Temple St. Suite 3A New HavenCT 06510United States

The prevalence of obesity in the United States has reached epidemic proportions. With more than 30 million Americans clinically obese, the younger population has also been affected. Surgical therapy should be offered to the severely obese patient who is refractory to nonsurgical therapy, as established by the 1991 NIH Consensus Conference on Gastrointestinal Surgery for Severe Obesity. Surgery is currently the most effective therapy for weight loss. It is far more effective than any other treatment modality, both in terms of the amount of weight loss and in terms of durability in maintaining weight loss.

关键词： Obesity Gastrointestinal surgery Roux-Y gastric bypass

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Measuring Mental Workload Using ERPs Based on FIR,ICA,and MARA

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Computer Systems Science & Engineering 2022年第5期41卷 781-794页

作者： Yu Sun Yi Ding Junyi Jiang Vincent G.duffy Business School Shenyang UniversityShenyang110044China School of Economics and Management Anhui Polytechnic UniversityWuhu241000China Center for Science Communication and Achievement Transformation National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaBeijing100085China School of Industrial Engineering Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN 47906USA

Mental workload is considered to be strongly linked to human performance,and the ability to measure it accurately is key for balancing human health and *** this study,brain signals were elicited by mental arithmetic tasks of varying difficulty to stimulate different levels of mental *** addition,a finite impulse response(FIR)filter,independent component analysis(ICA),and multiple artifact rejection algorithms(MARAs)were used to filter event-related potentials(ERPs).Then,the data consisting of ERPs,subjective ratings of mental workload,and task performance,were analyzed through the use of variance and Spearman’s correlation during a simulated computer *** found that participants responded faster and performed better in the easy task condition,followed by the medium and high-difficulty conditions,which verifies the validity of the ERP ***,larger P2 and P3 waveforms were evoked as the task difficulty increased,and a higher task difficulty elicited a more enhanced *** analysis revealed a negative relationship between the amplitude of P3 and the subjective ratings,and a positive relationship between the P3 amplitude and *** results presented in this paper demonstrate that a combination of FIR,ICA,and MARA methods can filter ERPs in the non-invasive real-time measurement of ***,frontocentral P2,N3,and parietal P3 components showed differences between *** proposed measurement of mental workload can be useful for real-time identification of mental states and can be applied to human-computer interaction in the future.

关键词： Mental workload event-related potentials finite impulse response filter independent component analysis multiple artifact rejection algorithms

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Biomarkers of Aging: Changes in Circadian Rhythms Related to the Modulation of Metabolic Output

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 1991年第1期4卷 182-191页

作者： PETER H.duffy RITCHIE J.FEUERS Food and Drug Administration Natiomd Center Jbr Toxicological Research JeffersonFood and Drug Administration Natiomd Center Jbr Toxicological Research Jefferson Arkansas 72079 To whom correspondence should be addressedArkansas 72079

Twenty-four hour (circadian) rhythmicity is an important component of biological variability associated with studies relating to biomarkers of aging. Chronobiological testing techniques must be utilized because (1) many variables that are related to the modulation of metabolic output vary dramatically at different times of the day; (2) various experimental variable and treatment groups must be synchronized with environmental cues that control circadian rhythms; and (3) multiple circadian variables may interact together to modulate the rate of aging. The rhythm for physiological factors such as whole animal metabolic output, body temperature, heart rate, urine flow, potassium, etc. were found to be dissociated or altered by the senescence process; behavioral variables such as spontaneous activity, wheel running, feeding and drinking, verbal performance, as well as sleep-wakefulness rhythms, seem to be accurate predictors of biological age. Circadian rhythms for a variety of enzymes of intermediary metabolism which are directly associated with energy metabolism have been well documented. These well-defined rhythms of enzyme activity have also been shown to degenerate with aging. Rhythms tend to lose amplitude as activity falls with age and as a general loss of regulation (especially time of day where maximal activity might be found) of activity across the 24-h span occurs. As with behavioral variables, changes in enzyme rhythms appear to accurately predict aging. Generally speaking, the loss of temporal organization with age, characterized by decreased circadian amplitude, loose internal synchronization, and poor response to external environmental time queues, is associated with poor health states and decreased longevity. Temporal rhythms for whole animal parameters are highly correlated with molecular events, such as regulation of cellular metabolism. DNA repair, and gene expression. Automated data acquisition and process control systems will be required for future C

关键词： Biomarkers of Aging Changes in Circadian Rhythms Related to the Modulation of Metabolic Output

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Financial instrument pricing using C++ / Daniel J duffy.

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2005年

作者： duffy Daniel J.

来源：畅想之星图书光盘版（南... 评论

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A mathematical model for the dynamics and control of malaria in Nigeria

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2022年第4期7卷 728-741页

作者： O.C.Collins K.J.duffy Institute of Systems Science Durban University of TechnologyDurban4000South Africa

Malaria is a life-threatening disease endemic in many African countries especially Nigeria.A mathematical model is used to study the dynamics of malaria in *** model incorporates drug resistance,treatment,and the use of mosquito nets as preventive *** fitting the model to data on the incidence of malaria in Nigeria,important parameters associated with the disease dynamics are *** these estimated parameters,the basic reproduction number is calculated,future dynamics simulated,and those parameters with a large impact on Nigerian malaria ***,the results indicate that the disease is likely to remain endemic in Nigeria unless better control measures are focused on the dominant resistant strain,treatment is improved and the use of mosquito nets become widespread.

关键词： Malaria dynamics Stability analyses Basic reproduction number Model fitting Sensitivity analysis

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From biomimicry to bioelectronics:Smart materials for cardiac tissue engineering

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Nano Research 2020年第5期13卷 1253-1267页

作者： Olurotimi A.Bolonduro Breanna M.duffy Akshita A.Rao Lauren D.Black Brian P.Timko Department of Biomedical Engineering Tufts UniversityMedfordMassachusetts 02155USA Department of Cell Molecular&Developmental BiologySchool of Graduate Biomedical SciencesTufts UniversityMassachusetts 02111USA

Effective strategies in cardiac tissue engineering require matrices that recapitulate the mechanical,topographic and electrical cues present in the native extracellular *** this review,we discuss recent efforts in materials science and nanotechnology to achieve functional three-dimensional(3D)scaffolds that modulate and monitor cardiac tissue *** consider key design considerations,including choice of biopolymer matrix,cell sources,and delivery methods for eventual *** then discuss how solid-state nanomaterials may be integrated within these systems to provide unique electrical and nanotopographic cues that improve electromechanical *** describe how these approaches may be extended to complex,spatially heterogeneous constructs using 3D bioprinting ***,we describe how scaffold materials may be augmented with bioelectronic components to achieve hybrid myocardium that monitors or controls electrophysiological ***,these approaches provide a framework for achieving cardiac tissues with tunable,rationally-designed *** discuss future prospects and remaining challenges for clinical translation.

关键词： cardiac tissue engineering extracellular matrix nanomaterial bioelectronics cyborg

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Contaminated open fracture and crush injury: a murine model

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Bone Research 2015年第1期3卷 31-39页

作者： Shawn R Gilbert Justin Camara Richard Camara Lynn duffy Ken Waites Hyunki Kim Kurt Zinn Department of Surgery University of Alabama at Birmingham AL USA Loma Linda School of Medicine Loma LindaCAUSA Departments of Pathology University of Alabama at BirminghamAL USA Department of Radiology University of Alabama at BirminghamAL USA

Modern warfare has caused a large number of severe extremity injuries, many of which become infected. In more recent conflicts, a pattern of co-infection with Acinetobacter baumannii and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus has emerged. We attempted to recreate this pattern in an animal model to evaluate the role of vascularity in contaminated open fractures. Historically, it has been observed that infected bones frequently appear hypovascular, but vascularity in association with bone infection has not been examined in animal models. Adult rats underwent femur fracture and muscle crush injury followed by stabilization and bacterial contamination with A. baumannii complex and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus *** and perfusion were assessed by micro CT angiography and SPECT scanning, respectively, at 1, 2 and 4 weeks after injury. Quantitative bacterial cultures were also obtained. Multi-bacterial infections were successfully created, with methicillin-resistant S. aureus predominating. There was overall increase in blood flow to injured limbs that was markedly greater in bacteria-inoculated limbs. Vessel volume was greater in the infected group. Quadriceps atrophy was seen in both groups, but was greater in the infected group. In this animal model, infected open fractures had greater perfusion and vascularity than non-infected limbs.

关键词： MRSA Contaminated open fracture and crush injury a murine model

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