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Three-dimensional perfused human in vitro model of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第2期23卷 204-215页

作者： Tomasz Kostrzewski Terri Cornforth Sophie A Snow Larissa Ouro-Gnao cliff rowe Emma M Large David J Hughes CN Bio Innovations Limited Welwyn Garden City AL7 3AXUnited Kingdom

AIM To develop a human in vitro model of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD), utilising primary hepatocytes cultured in a three-dimensional(3D) perfused platform. METHODS Fat and lean culture media were developed to directly investigate the effects of fat loading on primary hepatocytes cultured in a 3D perfused culture system. Oil Red O staining was used to measure fat loading in the hepatocytes and the consumption of free fatty acids(FFA) from culture medium was monitored. Hepatic functions, gene expression profiles and adipokine release were compared for cells cultured in fat and lean conditions. To determine if fat loading in the system could be modulated hepatocytes were treated with known anti-steatotic compounds. RESULTS Hepatocytes cultured in fat medium were found to accumulate three times more fat than lean cells and fat uptake was continuous over a 14-d culture. Fat loading of hepatocytes did not cause any hepatotoxicity and significantly increased albumin production. Numerous adipokines were expressed by fatty cells and genes associated with NAFLD and liver disease were upregulated including: Insulin-like growth factorbinding protein 1, fatty acid-binding protein 3 and CYP7A1. The metabolic activity of hepatocytes cultured in fatty conditions was found to be impaired and the activities of CYP3A4 and CYP2C9 were significantlyreduced, similar to observations made in NAFLD patients. The utility of the model for drug screening was demonstrated by measuring the effects of known antisteatotic compounds. Hepatocytes, cultured under fatty conditions and treated with metformin, had a reduced cellular fat content compared to untreated controls and consumed less FFA from cell culture *** The 3D in vitro NAFLD model recapitulates many features of clinical NAFLD and is an ideal tool for analysing the efficacy of anti-steatotic compounds.

关键词： Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Liver disease Three-dimensional cell culture Organ-on-chip Primary cell culture Fatty liver Hepatocytes

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Regulating composition and structure of coal-based graphene and its electrochemical characteristics

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Clean Energy 2024年第5期8卷 265-276页

作者： Wenfeng Liu Jun Li Yating Zhang Keke Li Zhen Liu cliff Yi Guo Jingjing Wang Linlin Wei China Energy Investment Corporation No.22XiBinhe RoadAndingmenDongcheng DistrictBeijing100011China National Institute of Clean-and-Low-Carbon Energy China Energy Investment CorporationBinhe Road No.9Future Science&Technology CityChangping DistrictBeijing102211China of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xi’an University of Science and TechnologyNo.58Yanta RoadXi'anShaanxi Province710054China

Coal,a carbon-rich mineral with plentiful reserves,serves not only as a fuel but also as a raw material,presenting lower pollution emissions in the latter *** a materials chemistry standpoint,coal is a viable raw material for graphene *** study develops a promising and sustainable method to convert coal into graphene,leveraging its unique macromolecular aromatic struc-ture and high carbon *** investigation includes an analysis of the lateral size,morphology,and chemical composition of coal-derived graphene using techniques such as X-ray diffraction,Raman spectroscopy,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,and op-tical *** confirm that coal can effectively replace natural graphite flakes in graphene production,with the derived graphene featuring three to six exfoliated layers and an oxygen content below 5.5%.While the graphene from coal shares a similar morphology to that derived from graphite,it exhibits more structural ***,the macroscopic size of the coal does not influence the microscopic composition and structure of the ***,the thermal reduction method for oxidized graphene proves more effective at repairing structural defects than chemical *** coal-derived graphene as a supercapacitor electrode demonstrates excellent cycling stability and ultra-high capacitance storage *** H-CG-325 shows the highest dis-charge area-specific capacitance across various current *** an increased current density of 10 A/g,the H-CG-325 maintains 80.6%of its initial capacitance of 79 F/g observed at 1 A/*** tests reveal that coal-based graphene holds significant potential as a supercapacitor material,indicating promising applications in energy storage and conversion.

关键词： coal graphene graphene oxide chemical reduction high-temperature reduction

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AVS Intellectual Property Rights （IPR） Policy

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Journal of Computer Science & Technology 2006年第3期21卷 306-309页

作者： cliff Reader Consultant Saratoga California 95070 U.S.A.

The AVS Workgroup has developed an IPR Policy to facilitate the adoption of standards in the marketplace The policy is based on consideration of IPR issues in parallel with the technical work for drafting the standard. The paper describes the relationship between IPR and the standard, and how the goals for the standard must be complemented by goals for the IPR. The existing IPR policies of the ITU and ISO are outlined, and then the AVS IPR policy is described, organized by its three main components： commitment to license on declared basic terms, disclosure of intellectual property, and protection of IPR.

关键词： intellectual property IPR patents and standards patent pool patent licensing

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Rapid recovery of rare earth elements in industrial wastewater by CuFe_2O_4 synthesized from Cu sludge

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Journal of Rare Earths 2018年第5期36卷 513-520页

作者： Yao-Jen Tu cliff T.Johnston Institute of Urban Study Shanghai Normal University Shanghai 200234 China Crop Soil and Environmental Sciences Purdue University 915 W. State Street West Lafayette IN 47907 USA

This study systematically evaluates the recovery of rare earth elements（REEs） from aqueous solution and industrial wastewater using magnetic nanoparticles CuFe2O4. The industrially manufactured CuFe2O4 displays a nonlinear isotherm for REEs adsorption, suggesting limiting binding sites on the CuFe2O4 surface. The recovery of REEs increases significantly from 0.1% to 99.99% with increasing pH（2.29-8.15）. At room temperature, the maxima recovery rates of Nd, La, and Ce are observed to be in a high capacity of 51.02, 42.02, and 40.16 mg/g, respectively. No significant attenuation of REE adsorption is observed with increasing NaCl concentration from 0.001 to 1.0 mol/L, showing high selectivity of REEs even in such high NaCl concentration matrix. In addition, desorption efficiency increases with the increasing concentration of HNO3 in the range of 0.005-0.05 mol/L. When HNO3 concentration is over 0.05 mol/L, the desorption efficiency can reach almost 100% in each batch experiment. Importantly, our results show that REEs can be sorbed and recycled from liquid crystal display（LCD） polishing wastewater, suggesting that CuFe2O4 may be a good candidate in the efficient and rapid recovery of REEs from industrial wastewater.

关键词： Rare earth elements Industrial wastewater Industrial sludge Magnetic separation CuFe2O4

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Improved TARP development based upon mine specific data

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2018年第3期28卷 477-481页

作者： B. Belle D. cliff Anglo American Coal Brisbane Australia Department of Mining Engineering UNSW Sydney NSW 2052 Australia University of Queensland Queensland Australia

The trigger action response plans （TARPs） are inherent to managing the multiple hazards such as： high gas content with multiple coal seams, high spontaneous combustion （sponcom） propensity, heat and ventilation, TARPs aim to provide assurance and guidance when the situation deviates from the original plan or there is a change conditions that could he hazardous, Over the years, learnings from various incidents has continuously required the coal operations to re-visit the TARP trigger values that were based on historic data or based on guidance values from the industry, In most cases, the background to the basis of TARP statistical data, viz,, average, maximum, hourly, daily for the monitoring or sampling location is also unknown, Introduction of real-time monitoring devices to monitor the gases and airflows has provided greater understanding of the hazard scenarios and their controls, This paper analyses the carbon monoxide data from operating longwall mines and compares these with the historic trigger values to understand the changes and determine improvement opportunities while setting trigger levels in the TARPs, As an example of setting trigger values, those used in during the sealing of a panel are explored in terms of setting values based upon the sampling location and the level of risk, It is envisaged that the learning＇s shared herein would further enhance the understanding and management of multiple hazards in Australian coal mines,

关键词： Sponcom Real-time Ventilation Monitoring Goaf TARPs

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RNA Regulations and Functions Decoded by Transcriptome-wide RNA Structure Probing

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Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics 2017年第5期15卷 267-278页

作者： meiling piao lei sun qiangfeng cliff zhang moe key laboratory of bioinformatics beijing advanced innovation center for structural biologycenter for synthetic and systems biologytsinghua-peking joint center for life sciencesschool of life sciencestsinghua universityBeijing 100084China

RNA folds into intricate structures that are crucial for its functions and regulations. To date, a multitude of approaches for probing structures of the whole transcriptome, i.e., RNA struc- turomes, have been developed. Applications of these approaches to different cell lines and tissues have generated a rich resource for the study of RNA structure-function relationships at a systems biology level. In this review, we first introduce the designs of these methods and their applications to study different RNA structuromes. We emphasize their technological differences especially their unique advantages and caveats. We then summarize the structural insights in RNA functions and regulations obtained from the studies of RNA structuromes. And finally, we propose potential directions for future improvements and studies.

关键词： RNA structure probing RNA structurome RNA secondary structure Structure-function relation-ship RNA regulation

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Prediction and differential analysis of RNA secondary structure

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Quantitative Biology 2020年第2期8卷 109-118页

作者： Bo Yu Yao Lu Qiangfeng cliff Zhang Lin Hou Center for Statistical Science Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Department of Industrial Engineering Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China School of Life Sciences Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology Center for Synthetic and Systems BiologyTsinghua-Peking Center for Life SciencesTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

Background:RNA structure is the crucial basis for RNA function in various cellular *** the last decade,high throughput structure profiling(SP)experiments have brought enormous insight into RNA secondary ***:In this review,we first provide an overview of approaches for RNA secondary structure prediction,including free energy-based algorithms and comparative sequence *** we introduce SP technologies,databases to document SP data,and pipelines/algorithms to normalize and interpret SP *** frameworks that incorporate SP data in RNA secondary structure prediction are also ***:We finally discuss potential directions for improvement in the prediction and differential analysis of RNA secondary structure.

关键词： RNA secondary structure prediction differential analysis structure profiling

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Changes in particulate and mineral-associated organic carbon with land use in contrasting soils

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Pedosphere 2023年第3期33卷 421-435页

作者： Sabina YEASMIN Balwant SINGH cliff T.JOHNSTON Quan HUA Donald L.SPARKS Sydney Institute of Agriculture School of Life and Environmental SciencesThe University of SydneySydney NSW 2006(Australia) Department of Agronomy Bangladesh Agricultural UniversityMymensingh-2202(Bangladesh) Crop Soil and Environmental SciencesPurdue UniversityWest Lafayette IN 47907(USA) Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation Locked Bag 2001Kirrawee DC NSW 2232(Australia) Department of Plant and Soil Sciences University of DelawareNewark DE 19716(USA)

Soil organic carbon(SOC)is the largest terrestrial carbon(C)stock,and the capacity of soils to preserve organic C(OC)varies with many factors,including land use,soil type,and soil *** investigated the effect of land use change on soil particulate organic matter(POM)and mineral-associated organic matter(MOM).Surface(0–10 cm)and subsurface(60–70 cm)samples were collected from paired sites(native and cropped)of four contrasting *** soils were separated into POM and MOM fractions,which were analyzed for mineralogy,OC,nitrogen,isotopic signatures,*** POM fractions of surface soils were relatively unaffected by land use change,possibly because of the continuous input of crop residues,whereas the POM fractions in corresponding subsurface soils lost more *** surface soils,MOM fractions dominated by the oxides of iron and aluminum(oxide-OM)lost more OC than those dominated by phyllosilicates and quartz,which was attributed to diverse organic matter(OM)input and the extent of OC saturation limit of *** contrast,oxide-OM fractions were less affected than the other two MOM fractions in the subsurface soils,possibly due to OC protection via organo-mineral *** deviations in isotopic signature(linked with vegetation)across the fractions suggested that fresh crop residues constituted the bulk of OM in surface soils(supported by greater14C).Increased isotopic signatures and lower14C in subsurface MOM fractions suggested the association of more microbially processed,aged OC with oxide-OM fractions than with the other MOM *** results reveal that the quantity and quality of OC after land use change is influenced by the nature of C input in surface soils and by mineral-organic association in subsurface soils.

关键词： land use change microbial decomposition organic carbon saturation organo-mineral association soil organic matter

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Advances and challenges towards the study of RNA-RNA interactions in a transcriptome-wide scale

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Frontiers of Electrical and Electronic Engineering in China 2018年第3期6卷 239-252页

作者： Jing Gongt Yanyan Jut Di Shao Qiangfeng cliff Zhang MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural BiologyCenter for Synthetic and Systems BiologyTsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life SciencesSchool of Life SciencesTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

RNA molecules play crucial roles in various biological processes. Their regulation and function are mediated by interacting with other molecules. Among them RNA-RNA interactions （RRIs） are important in many basic cellular activities including transcription, RNA processing, localization, and translation. However, we just start to unveil the complexity of the knowledge and underlying mechanisms of RRIs. Results： In this review, we will summarize approaches for RRI identifications, including both conventional, focused biophysical and biochemical methods and recently developed large scale sequencing-based techniques. We will also discuss discoveries per RRI type revealed by using these technologies, as well as challenges towards a systematic and functional understanding of RRIs. Conclusions： The development of sequencing-based techniques has revolutionized the study of RRIs. Applying these techniques in multiple organisms has identified thousands of RRls, many of which could potentially regulate multiple aspects of gene expression. However, despite the great breakthrough, the RNA-RNA interactome of any species remains far from complete due to intrinsic complex nature of RRI and limitations in current techniques. More efficient experimental methods and computational framework are needed to obtain the full image of RRI networks, and their possible regulatory roles in biology and medicine.

关键词： RNA-RNA interactions PARIS SPLASH LIGR-seq next generation sequencing

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CPFD simulation on particle behaviour in an entrained-flow gasifier

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Clean Energy 2020年第1期4卷 75-84页

作者： Yongshi Liang cliff Y.Guo Xianglong Zhao Qiang Qin Yi Cheng Lixin He National Institute of Clean-and-low-carbon Energy Beijing 102211China Department of Chemical Engineering Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

A computational particle fluid dynamics simulation model for entrained-flow gasification was established in this *** simulation results agree with the experimental *** detailed particle information and residence-time distribution were obtained by injecting particle tracers in the *** results show that the particles in the gasifier can be classified into three flowing zones,i.e.a fast-flowing zone,a recirculation zone and a spreading *** criterion for this classification was also *** rapid gas expansion caused by the fast reactions plays a significant role in forming the particle stream into these three *** accelerates the particles in the centre of the gasifier while pushing the particles near the expansion edge into the gas ***,the concentrated oxygen distribution in the gasifier results in the formation of high-and low-temperature *** particles in the fast-flowing zone flow directly through the high-temperature region and most of these particles in this zone were fully reacted with a short residence *** particles in the recirculation zone are in a relatively low-temperature region,most of these particles are not fully gasified,although with a long residence *** rest of particles in the spreading zone show moderate properties between the above two zones.

关键词： CPFD simulation entrained-flow gasifier particle behaviour gasification process

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