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Quality of Drugs Based on Ferrous Sulfate Dispensed in a Basic Health and Commercial Pharmacy in a City in the Amazon Region

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Pharmacology & Pharmacy 2022年第9期13卷 331-339页

作者： Amanda Gabryelle Nunes Cardoso Mello Marceonia costa dos santos Ana Gabriela Lisboa santos Danila Teresa Valeriano Alves Daniella Paternostro de Araújo Grisolia Alan Barroso Araújo Grisólia Mariceli Baia Leão Barros Fabrícia de Jesus Paiva da Fonseca Manoel Samuel da Cruz Neto Faculty of Pharmacy FIBRA University Center Belém Brazil Faculty of Biotechnology Federal University of Pará Belém Brazil Biological Sciences Center Federal University of Pará Belém Brazil FACI WYDEN Faculty Belém Brazil

Background: For the WHO, anemia is a serious public health problem, with an emphasis on deprivation anemia, which has socioeconomic conditions as determining factors for its development. Among nutritional anemias, the most relevant is iron deficiency, whose main form of prevention and treatment is supplementation with ferrous sulfate dispensed in the public health system, with the need to periodically check whether the drug has the quality required by regulatory health agencies. Thus, the objective of this study was to analyze the quality of the ferrous sulfate medication, from the same laboratory, and dispensed in a basic health unit (BHU) and a commercial pharmacy (CF). Materials and Methods: An analytical, qualitative and quantitative study of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate (25 mg/mL in 100 mL syrup), carried out on 20 BHU and 10 from CF, both from the same laboratory, but in different batches. Samples were subjected to organoleptic analysis and verification of iron content, pH, volume and density. Data were compared with values recommended by the Brazilian pharmacopoeia 5th edition. Results: Three batches were evaluated: 4659 of from the CF;4574 from the BHU1, and 4576 from the BHU2, stored in accordance with RDC 304/19 of ANVISA. All showed compliance with some organoleptic characteristics;and stable values in pH (3.61 - CF;3.67 - BHU1;3.65 - BHU2), density (1.079 - CF;1.088 - BHU1;1.086 - BHU2) and individual volume (not less than 95% of the declared value). However, it was not possible to detect the odor of herbs;the average volume of batch BHU1 was below the declared value, and the iron content of both BHUs was above the maximum value of pharmacopoeia standards. Conclusion: Samples did not show full compliance with the physical and chemical parameters evaluated, suggesting deviation in the quality of the medication.

关键词： Physical and Chemical Quality Control Ferrous Sulfate Heptahydrate Syrup

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Land Use/Cover and Naturalness Changes for Watershed Environmental Management(Southeastern Brazil)

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2017年第11期5卷 1-14页

作者： Romulo Theodoro costa Camila Francisco Goncalves Angela Terumi Fushita José Eduardo dos santos Analysis and Environmental Planning Laboratory Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos(UFSCar)Sao CarlosBrazil Programa de Pós-Graduacao em Ecologia e Recursos Naturais(PPGERN) Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos(UFSCar)Sao CarlosBrazil Center for Engineering Modeling and Applied Social SciencesUniversidade Federal do ABC(UFABC)Santo AndréBrazil

Driving forces on the landscape require regional management and/or local actions, together with other external factors. To operationalize this approach, this paper carried out a comparative analysis of the naturalness dynamics of the Jacaré-Guaçu and Jacaré-Pepira watershed, based on land use/cover changes and a structural indicator of the landscape, over the 10-year (2004-2014), as support opportunities for improving its environmental planning and management. Land use/cover dynamics were obtained based on screen digitizing of LandSat imagery, using polygon manual digitalization. Naturalness scenarios of the watersheds, over the 10-year (2004-2014), were obtained based on Urbanity Indicator, which evaluates how much the natural landscapes are dominated by altered systems. The total area of watersheds showed a predominantly scenario, induced by anthropogenic agricultural and non-agricultural expansion areas, mainly by conversion of other land use/cover types in sugarcane cultivation. Despite the increase in natural vegetation areas, over the 10-year (2004-2014), Jacaré-Guaçu and Jacaré-Pepira watersheds are far from a sustainable condition. However Jacaré-Guaçu watershed presents a scenario of more committed naturalness due to the increase in Urbanity Index values ≥ 0.7. The historical process of land use occupation for agricultural production remains the main driving force of naturalness changes, occupying more than 70% of the total area of watersheds. These results have significant implications for fast urbanizing municipalities in providing key information about long term land use impact on the watershed structure and function, making it possible for policy makers, scientists and stakeholders to identify land uses which are hindered or enhanced under various scenarios of land use change over the time, and making it possible to explore the trade-offs between them to improve watershed management.

关键词： Land Use Changes Urbanity Index Loss Natural Capital Watershed Sustainable Management

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Areas with evidence of equity and their progress on mortality from tuberculosis in an endemic municipality of southeast Brazil

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2017年第1期6卷 1185-1195页

作者： Mellina YAMAMURA Marcelino santos NETO Francisco CHIARAVALLOTI NETO Luiz Henrique ARROYO Antonio Carlos Vieira RAMOS Ana Angelica Rego de QUEIROZ Aylana de Souza BELCHIOR Danielle Talita dos santos Juliane de Almeida CRISPIM Ione Carvalho PINTO Severina Alice da costa UCHOA Regina Celia FIORATI Ricardo Alexandre ARCENCIO School of Nursing of the University of Sao Paulo Ribeirao Preto Campus(EERP/USP)Ribeirao retoSPBrazil Federal University of Maranhao(UFMA) Sao LuísMABrazil School of Public Health of the University of Sao Paulo(FSP/USP) Sao PauloSPBrazil Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte(UFRN) NatalRNBrazil School of Medicine of the University of Sao Paulo Ribeirao Preto Campus(FMRP/USP)Ribeirao PretoSPBrazil

Background:In Brazil,people still fall ill and die from tuberculosis(TB),and this can be explained by the significant impasse in the equity of distribution of therapeutic resources to the population as a *** aim was to identify geographical areas which have shown progress in terms of equity(of income,schooling and urban occupancy)and test its effect on mortality from TB in a municipality of southeast ***:It is an ecological study considering TB as the basic cause for deaths registered between 2006 and 2013 on the Mortality Information System and other variables obtained through the Demographic Census of the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics(2010).The geographical area for analysis comprised the areas of coverage of the health *** indicators have been constructed through the Principal Component Analysis(PCA).The cases were geocoded and the annual mortality rate from TB was calculated with smoothing using the local empirical Bayesian *** linear regression was then *** was confirmation of the existence of spatial dependence of residue through the application of the Global Moran I test,and application of the Models with Global Spatial Effects,to identify the best standard of spatial ***:The mortality rates ranged from 0.00 to 2.8 deaths per 100,000 people,per *** the PCA,three indicators were constructed,and designated as indicators of income,social inequality,and social *** multiple linear regression,the indicator of social equity was statistically significant(P<0.0001)but had a negative association,an adjusted R^(2)of 28.36%and with spatial dependence(Moran I=0.21,P=0.003455).The best model to deal with existing spatial dependence was the Spatial Lag ***:The better social conditions have shown progress in reducing mortality from TB,thereby reinforcing the achievement of Sustainable Development *** addition,cartography was also applied,which can be replicated

关键词： Tuberculosis Spatial analysis Mortality Cause of death

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Canine Cutaneous Mast Cell Tumor: Biologic Behavior and Its Correlation with Prognostic Indicators

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Open Journal of Veterinary Medicine 2012年第4期2卷 255-261页

作者： Sabrina dos santos costa Poggiani Erika Maria Terra Rafael Torres Neto Mirela Tinucci costa Renée Laufer Amorim Department of Veterinary Clinics Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science School Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho Botucatu Brazil Department of Veterinary Medicine Pioneer Union of Social Integration Brasilia Brazil

Cutaneous mast cell tumor (MCT) shows a variable biological behavior in dogs and may present either as solitary masse that can be treated and cured with surgical removal or as a systemic metastatic and fatal disease. Histological grade, KIT pattern and proliferative index are typically prognostic factors in MCTs. In the present study, we have investigated correlation between clinical data (breed, age, gender, tumour location, tumor size, time before surgery, number of tumours, occurrence of metastasis and recurrence), cellular proliferation (Ki-67, mitotic index), intratumoural microvessel density (IMVD) and apoptotic index with the histological grade and KIT pattern. 28 tumors, from 20 dogs with cutaneous MCT were evaluated. There was association between histological grade, IMVD, tumor ulceration and number of tumors. A significant increase of Ki-67 expression and mitotic index was observed in MCTs with cytoplasmic KIT staining pattern. Patnaik histological grade system was related to mitotic index. Histological grade in canine cutaneous MCT should not be assessed as the only prognostic factor, but associated with KIT pattern, IMDV, cellular proliferation, presence of tumour ulceration, number of tumours, recurrences and metastases.

关键词： Dog Mast Cell Tumor Prognosis Biologic Behavior

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Self-care actions for the maintenance of the arteriovenous fistula:An integrative review

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International Journal of Nursing Sciences 2020年第3期7卷 369-377页

作者： Natália Ramos costa Pessoa Laís Helena de Souza Soares Lima Gutembergue Arag(a)o dos santos Cecília Maria Farias de Queiroz Fraz(a)o Clemente Neves sousa V(a)nia Pinheiro Ramos Federal University of Pernambuco Recife Brazil Center for Health Technology and Services Research Faculty of Medicine (CINTESIS) Porto University Nursing School of Porto Portugal

Objective:To identify self-care actions for the maintenance of arteriovenous fistula of renal ***:An integrative review study was conducted and literature were searched in Medline/PubMed,Scopus,CINAHL LILACS,BDENF and SciELO Library databases using the descriptors chronic renal insufficiency,arteriovenous fistula,self-care,and *** inclusion criteria were that the documents be written in Portuguese,English,and Spanish,full text available,published in the last five years,and that they address the research *** articles,theses,dissertations,editorials of nonscientific journals,and research studies that did not follow the necessary methodological rigor were *** were analyzed with the IRAMUJTEQ ***:Fifteen articles were selected and comprised the final *** classes of self-care actions emerged from the text segments analysis and grouped into three categories:(1)Self-care actions that maintain the arteriovenous fistula;(2)Self-care actions for the prevention and the monitoring of complications with arteriovenous fistula;(3)Self-care actions directed at the perioperative period of arteriovenous fistula ***:The results allowed us to identify important care for the maintenance of arteriovenous fistula *** self-care actions identified in this study can guide a nursing care policy for implementation with protocols that help identify problems related to self-care actions and,thus,subsidize the development of actions aimed at the renal ***,more studies with high levels of evidence that identify self-care actions with arteriovenous fistula and the factors involved in its implementation are needed.

关键词： Arteriovenous fistula Chronic renal insufficiency Health education Renal dialysis Self care

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What exists beyond cag A and vacA? Helicobacter pylori genes in gastric diseases

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第37期21卷 10563-10572页

作者： Débora Menezes da costa Eliane dos santos Pereira Silvia Helena Barem Rabenhorst Molecular Genetics Laboratory Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine School of Medicine Federal University of Ceará

Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori) infection is present in more than half the world's population and has been associated with several gastric disorders, such as gastritis, peptic ulceration, and gastric *** clinical outcome of this infection depends on host and bacterial factors where H. pylori virulence genes seem to play a relevant role. Studies of cag A and vac A genes established that they were determining factors in gastric pathogenesis. However, there are gastric cancer cases that are cag A-negative. Several other virulence genes have been searched for, but these genes remain less well known that cag A and vac A. Thus, this review aimed to establish which genes have been suggested as potentially relevant virulence factors for H. pylori-associated gastrointestinal diseases. We focused on the cag-pathogenicity island, genes with adherence and motility functions, and ice A based on the relevance shown in several studies in the literature.

关键词： Helicobacter pylori Virulence genes Cagpathogenici

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Expression of Cyclooxygenase-2 and Ki-67 in Actinic Keratosis and Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Dogs

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Open Journal of Veterinary Medicine 2012年第2期2卷 41-47页

作者： Sabrina dos santos costa Poggiani Mário Roberto Hatayde Renée Laufer-Amorim Juliana Werner Department of Veterinary Clinic School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science Sao Paulo State University Botucatu Brazil Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science Sao Paulo State University Jaboticabal Brazil Department of Veterinary Medicine Pioneer Union of Social Integration Brasilia Brazil Werner & Werner Laboratory Curitiba Brazil

Actinic keratosis is a common disease in humans, which also affects dogs. Lesions occur in chronically sun exposed areas, such as flank, ventral and lateral abdomen. It has been reported that actinic keratosis is a pre-neoplastic disease which may evolve into squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), which is one of the most frequent malignant neoplasm in dogs. The aim of this research was to investigate the relationship between COX-2 and cell proliferation on the outcome of dogs with actinic keratosis and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. This study included 10 skin sections of actinic keratosis (G1) and 10 cutaneous SCC (G2). Data including age, breed, gender and histopathological findings were documented. Paraffin-embedded tissues were retrieved for COX-2 and Ki-67 staining. American Pit Bull Terrier dogs were the most affected ones in both G1 and G2, the mean age was 4.3 (±0.8) years and 5.6 (±1.7) years, respectively. Mean score of COX-2 immunostaining in G1 and G2 was 8.16 (±3.51) and 8.56 (±1.03), respectively. Mean percentage of immunopositive cells for Ki-67 in G1 and G2 was 15.77 (±8.81) and 17.71 (±12.21), respectively. There was no association between COX-2 expression and Ki-67, recurrence, survival and metastasis rate (p > 0.05). These findings highlight the role of COX-2 and Ki-67 in carcinogenesis, but do not confirm the relationship between COX-2 expression and increased cell proliferation in dogs. COX-2 may play a role in carcinogenesis, but this pathway is not responsible for cellular proliferation in actinic keratosis and cutaneous SCC in dogs. Both markers were not useful tools to differentiate the outcome of affected dogs.

关键词： Skin Cancer Dog

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Hydrogeochemical Research of Surface Water of the Córrego Sujo Watershed, Teresópolis, RJ, Brazil

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Agricultural Sciences 2017年第5期8卷 435-450页

作者： Paula Coelho Araujo André S. Avelar Vítor dos santos costa Maria Isabel Martinez Geoscience Department Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil

The surface water quality was investigated in the Córrego Sujo watershed, located in the municipality of Teresópolis, a mountainous region in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The emphasis focused on inorganic parameters of water, since there are applications of pesticides in agricultural cultivations. The natural and anthropogenic contributions of the study area were monitored monthly in eight sites in the river channels of the drainage basin. The results were analyzed using an ICP-OES spectrophotometer and subsequently compared to Conama Resolution 357/05. In order to support the interpretation of the results of water quality, flow and precipitation data were measured in the watershed, along with the land use and vegetation cover map produced from a GeoEye satellite image. The study revealed that the surface waters were in high concentrations and above those recommended by Conama Resolution. It was noted also that the lithological and pedological variables influenced the results of water quality. Regarding seasonality, it has not been possible to establish a common standard to all elements in the rainy season or dry season, however, in the analysis of each parameter separately, there was evidence of a concentration distribution in temporal variation. Therefore, the results of this study indicate that it is also necessary to highlight these issues in the territorial planning of the municipality and in the management of the Committee of Rio Piabanha watershed, to avoid the increasing of uncontrolled expansion of irrigated crops and intensive use of agrochemical inputs.

关键词： Hydrogeochemistry Natural and Anthropogenic Influences Land Use Surface Waters Rivers

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Assessment of the Accessibility of Users in Primary Health Care

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Open Journal of Epidemiology 2016年第4期6卷 183-190页

作者： Tainara Lôrena dos santos Ferreira Iris do Céu Clara costa Fábia Barbosa de Andrade Nursing Faculty of Health Sciences of Trairi (FACISA) Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN) Santa Cruz Brazil Odontology Department Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte Natal Brazil

Objectives: The goal of this project was to evaluate the quality of the accessibility of the adult population to services in Primary Health Care, with a view to contribute to the development of measures that will propose improvement in the offered assistance. Methods: This is a quantitative and evaluative study made in the municipality of Santa Cruz, State of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, with a sample of 180 people. The study was approved by the Ethics and Research Committee of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte under Opinion number 152/2012. Results: It was found that the adult population classified the quality of care from regular to good, showing an association with the waiting time, time spent from the unit to one’s house and the reception. Conclusions: It could be concluded that this study contributes to the development of strategies able to provide a full and equitable care to the adult population in the primary health care network, since this is the gateway to other levels of care, because it aims to promote adult health and prevent diseases.

关键词： Health Services Accessibility Primary Health Care Health Evaluation

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Importance of Primary Health Care in Medicine: Simultaneous Analysis of Two Colleges, under the Vision of Teachers and Students

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2017年第11期5卷 6-12页

作者： Sebastiao Celio Horta Coelho Filho Thiago Sande Miguel Nayrton Kalys Cruz dos Anjos Mateus de Oliveira Reis Bruna Sande Miguel Vinicius Sande Miguel Aline Gabriela santos costa Lilian costa Brito Bruno Fonseca dos santos Veronica Clemente Villar Martini Daniel Almeida da costa The Medical School at the Center of Higher Education of Valenca ValencaBrazil Unigranrio Medical School Rio de JaneiroBrazil

Introduction: The involvement of undergraduate student at the beginning of their training in activities based on Primary Health Care (PHC), provides preventive and health promoting actions, and ensures the evaluation of the vulnerability of communities and people. Objectives: To analyze the opinion of students and teachers of two medicine higher education institutions on the relevance of Primary Health Care in this course. METHODS: Students and teachers should be effectively enrolled in order for the study to be conducted, being chosen in a random manner and without interferences on the part of the researchers so that the work was as reliable as possible. A cross-sectional study was conducted with interviews structured in questionnaires about what they thought about PHC. To some students and teachers of the medical course of Valen?a and Grande Rio University (UNIGRANRIO). Before receiving the questionnaire, all interviewed signed a Free and Informed Consent Term, which included the objectives and methodology of the work. Results: 310 students and 51 teachers participated in the study, where 91.43% of the students and 100% of the teachers affirmed that primary care plays a fundamental role in medical education. 94.86% of students and 97.91% of teachers, claimed that the discipline allows a greater contact between undergraduates and community. When questioned about the encouragement that teachers give to students to pursue a career in PHC, 57.87% of the students and 70.83% of the professors said they lacked in such a stimulus. Conclusion: PHC is still very neglected by governmental policies, educational institutions and by the own teachers, that often, turn they attention only to tertiary medicine and, as a consequence, a discouragement of this area occur. Therefore, a higher PHC value is necessary, allowing a more humane look at the patient, valuing their feelings, anguishes and their pathological framework.

关键词： Primary Health Care Graduation Medicine

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