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Roles of fibroblast growth factors in the treatment of diabetes

World Journal of Diabetes 2024年第3期15卷 392-402页

作者： chun-Ye Zhang ming Yang Bond Life Sciences Center University of MissouriColumbiaMO 65211United States Department of Surgery University of MissouriColumbiaMO 65212United States NextGen Precision Health Institution University of MissouriColumbiaMO 65212United States

Diabetes affects about 422 million people worldwide,causing 1.5 million deaths each year.However,the incidence of diabetes is increasing,including several types of diabetes.Type 1 diabetes(5%-10%of diabetic cases)and type 2 diabetes(90%-95%of diabetic cases)are the main types of diabetes in the clinic.Accumulating evidence shows that the fibroblast growth factor(FGF)family plays important roles in many metabolic disorders,including type 1 and type 2 diabetes.FGF consists of 23 family members(FGF-1-23)in humans.Here,we review current findings of FGFs in the treatment of diabetes and management of diabetic complications.Some FGFs(e.g.,FGF-15,FGF-19,and FGF-21)have been broadly investigated in preclinical studies for the diagnosis and treatment of diabetes,and their therapeutic roles in diabetes are currently under investigation in clinical trials.Overall,the roles of FGFs in diabetes and diabetic complications are involved in numerous processes.First,FGF intervention can prevent high-fat diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance and reduce the levels of fasting blood glucose and triglycerides by regulating lipolysis in adipose tissues and hepatic glucose production.Second,modulation of FGF expression can inhibit renal and cardiac fibrosis by regulating the expression of extracellular matrix components,promote diabetic wound healing process and bone repair,and inhibit cancer cell proliferation and migration.Finally,FGFs can regulate the activation of glucoseexcited neurons and the expression of thermogenic genes.

关键词： Fibroblast growth factors Type 1 diabetes Type 2 diabetes Metabolic disorders Treatment Clinical trials

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Anti-oxidative stress treatment and current clinical trials

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World Journal of Hepatology 2024年第2期16卷 294-299页

作者： chun-Ye Zhang ming Yang Bond Life Sciences Center University of MissouriColumbiaMO 65211United States Department of Surgery University of MissouriColumbiaMO 65212United States

Oxidative stress disturbs the balance between the production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)and the detoxification biological process.It plays an important role in the development and progression of many chronic diseases.Upon exposure to oxidative stress or the inducers of ROS,the cellular nucleus undergoes some biological processes via different signaling pathways,such as stress adaption through the forkhead box O signaling pathway,inflammatory response through the IκB kinase/nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway,hypoxic response via the hypoxia-inducible factor/prolyl hydroxylase domain proteins pathway,DNA repair or apoptosis through the p53 signaling pathway,and antioxidant response through the Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1/nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 signaling pathway.These processes are involved in many diseases.Therefore,oxidative stress has gained more attraction as a targeting process for disease treatment.Meanwhile,anti-oxidative stress agents have been widely explored in pre-clinical trials.However,only limited clinical trials are performed to evaluate the efficacy of anti-oxidative stress agents or antioxidants in diseases.In this letter,we further discuss the current clinical trials related to anti-oxidative stress treatment in different diseases.More pre-clinical studies and clinical trials are expected to use anti-oxidative stress strategies as disease treatment or dietary supplementation to improve disease treatment outcomes.

关键词： Anti-oxidative stress treatment Clinical trials Drugs Dietary invention Reactive oxygen species

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Amino acids modified nanoscale zero-valent iron:Density functional theory calculations,experimental synthesis and application in the Fenton-like degradation of organic solvents

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第1期135卷 296-309页

作者： Xingchen Yang Fucheng ming Jianlong Wang Lejin xu Department of Nuclear Engineering and Technology School of Energy and Power EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China China-EU Institute for Clean and Renewable Energy Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology Key Laboratory of Advanced Reactor Engineering and Safety of Ministry of EducationTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Beijing Key Laboratory of Radioactive Wastes Treatment Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

To improve the adsorption and catalytic performance of heterogeneous Fenton-like catalysts for oil wastes,amino acids were used to modify nanoscale zero-valent iron(AA@Fe^(0)),which were applied in the Fenton-like degradation of organic solvents(tributyl phosphate and n-dodecane,named TBP and DD).Twelve amino acids,i.e.,glycine(Gly),alanine(Ala),leucine(Leu),proline(Pro),phenylalanine(Phe),methionine(Met),cysteine(Cys),asparagine(Asn),serine(Ser),glutamic acid(Glu),lysine(Lys)and arginine(Arg),were selected and calculated by density functional theory(DFT).The optimized structure,charge distribution,the highest occupied molecular orbital(HOMO),the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital(LUMO),interaction region indicator(IRI)isosurface map and adsorption energy of AA@Fe^(0),AA@Fe^(0)-TBP and AA@Fe^(0)-DD were studied,which indicated that Fe is more likely to approach and charge transfer with-COO and-NH_(3) on theα-carbon of amino acids.There is strong attraction between Fe and–COO,and Van der Waals force between Fe and-NH_(3),respectively.In the interaction of AA@Fe^(0)with TBP and DD,Van der Waal force plays an important role.AA@Fe^(0)was synthesized in laboratory and characterized to investigate physicochemical properties.In Fenton-like degradation of organic solvents,the change of COD in water phase during the degradation process as well as the volume of the organic phase after the reaction were investigated.The results of calculations combined with experiments showed that Ser-modified Fe^(0)performed the best in these amino acids,with 98%removal of organic solvents.A possible catalytic mechanism was proposed in which amino acids acted a linking role between Fe and organic solvents,activating H_(2)O_(2)to generate hydroxyl radicals for the degradation of organic solvents.

关键词： Amino acids Nanoscale zero-valent iron Density functional theory Organic solvents Fenton-like degradation

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Efficacy and safety of Usights UC100 illuminated microcatheter in microcatheter-assisted trabeculotomy

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2024年第2期17卷 272-277页

作者： Shuo Yu Ke xu chun Zhang Department of Ophthalmology Peking University Third HospitalBeijing 100191China Beijing Key Laboratory of Restoration of Damaged Ocular Nerve Peking University Third HospitalBeijing 100191China

AIM:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Usights UC100 illuminated microcatheter in microcatheter-assisted trabeculotomy(MAT).METHODS:Totally 10 eyes of 10 patients with primary open angle glaucoma(POAG)who underwent MAT facilitated by Usights UC100(5 eyes)or iTrack(5 eyes)were reviewed.The success of this surgery was defined as intraocular pressure(IOP)30%reduction,without oral glaucoma medications,or additional glaucoma surgery.RESULTS:The mean pre-operative IOP was 25.38±10.22 mm Hg in the Usights UC100 group and 19.98±3.87 mm Hg in the iTrack group.MAT was achieved in all eyes in both groups.The success rates for the Usights UC100 group and iTrack groups were in all and 4 eyes,respectively.Both microcatheters produced a statistically significant reduction in IOP,and eyes using Usights UC100 achieved a lower IOP than the iTrack group at 3mo followup(12.58±1.52 and 14.84±1.89 mm Hg,respectively),but no statistical significance was there.No severe side effects were observed in either group.CONCLUSION:MAT using Usights UC100 or iTrack both achieve significant pressure reduction in cases of POAG,and Usights UC100 is as safe as iTrack.

关键词： illuminated microcatheter microcatheterassisted trabeculotomy primary open angle glaucoma

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The symmetric space,strong isotropy irreducibility and equigeodesic properties

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Science China Mathematics 2024年第1期67卷 129-148页

作者： ming xu Ju Tan School of Mathematical Sciences Capital Normal UniversityBeijing 100048China School of Microelectronics and Data Science Anhui University of TechnologyMa'anshan 243032China

A smooth curve on a homogeneous manifold G/H is called a Riemannian equigeodesic if it is a homogeneous geodesic for any G-invariant Riemannian metric.The homogeneous manifold G/H is called Riemannian equigeodesic,if for any x∈G/H and any nonzero y∈Tx(G/H),there exists a Riemannian equigeodesic c(t) with c(0)=x and ■(0)=y.These two notions can be naturally transferred to the Finsler setting,which provides the definitions for Finsler equigeodesics and Finsler equigeodesic spaces.We prove two classification theorems for Riemannian equigeodesic spaces and Finsler equigeodesic spaces,respectively.Firstly,a homogeneous manifold G/H with a connected simply connected quasi compact G and a connected H is Riemannian equigeodesic if and only if it can be decomposed as a product of Euclidean factors and compact strongly isotropy irreducible factors.Secondly,a homogeneous manifold G/H with a compact semisimple G is Finsler equigeodesic if and only if it can be locally decomposed as a product,in which each factor is Spin(7)/G2,G2/SU (3) or a symmetric space of compact type.These results imply that the symmetric space and the strongly isotropy irreducible space of compact type can be interpreted by equigeodesic properties.As an application,we classify the homogeneous manifold G/H with a compact semisimple G such that all the G-invariant Finsler metrics on G/H are Berwald.It suggests a new project in homogeneous Finsler geometry,i.e.,to systematically study the homogeneous manifold G/H on which all the G-invariant Finsler metrics satisfy a certain geometric property.

关键词： equigeodesic equigeodesic space flag manifold orbit type stratification symmetric space strongly isotropy irreducible space

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Twisted Integration of Complex Oxide Magnetoelectric Heterostructures via Water‑Etching and Transfer Process

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Nano-Micro Letters 2024年第1期16卷 360-369页

作者： Guannan Yang Guohua Dong Butong Zhang xu xu Yanan Zhao Zhongqiang Hu ming Liu State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering Electronic Materials Research LaboratoryKey Laboratory of the Ministry of EducationEngineering Research Center of Spin Quantum Sensor ChipsUniversities of Shaanxi ProvinceSchool of Electronic Science and EngineeringXi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049People’s Republic of China

Manipulating strain mode and degree that can be applied to epitaxial complex oxide thin films have been a cornerstone of strain engineering.In recent years,lift-off and transfer technology of the epitaxial oxide thin films have been developed that enabled the integration of heterostructures without the limitation of material types and crystal orientations.Moreover,twisted integration would provide a more interesting strategy in artificial magnetoelectric heterostructures.A specific twist angle between the ferroelectric and ferromagnetic oxide layers corresponds to the distinct strain regulation modes in the magnetoelectric coupling process,which could provide some insight in to the physical phenomena.In this work,the La_(0.67)Sr_(0.33)MnO_(3)(001)/0.7Pb(Mg_(1/3)Nb_(2/3))O_(3)-0.3PbTiO_(3)(011)(LSMO/PMN-PT)heterostructures with 45.and 0.twist angles were assembled via water-etching and transfer process.The transferred LSMO films exhibit a fourfold magnetic anisotropy with easy axis along LSMO.A coexistence of uniaxial and fourfold magnetic anisotropy with LSMO[110]easy axis is observed for the 45°Sample by applying a 7.2 kV cm^(−1)electrical field,significantly different from a uniaxial anisotropy with LSMO[100]easy axis for the 0°Sample.The fitting of the ferromagnetic resonance field reveals that the strain coupling generated by the 45°twist angle causes different lattice distortion of LSMO,thereby enhancing both the fourfold and uniaxial anisotropy.This work confirms the twisting degrees of freedom for magnetoelectric coupling and opens opportunities for fabricating artificial magnetoelectric heterostructures.

关键词： Magnetoelectric heterostructures Twist angle Epitaxial lift-off Magnetic anisotropy Ferromagnetic resonance

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Breaking the efficiency limitations of dissipative Kerr solitons using nonlinear couplers

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第3期67卷 88-94页

作者： ming Li Xiao-Xiao xue Yan-Lei Zhang Xin-Biao xu chun-Hua Dong Guang-Can Guo Chang-Ling Zou CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China CAS Centerfor Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Department of Electronic Engineering Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and TechnologyTsinghua University Beijing 100084China

Dissipative Kerr solitons(DKS) have long been suffering from poor power conversion efficiency when driven by continuous-wave lasers. By deriving the critical coupling condition of a multimode nonlinear optics system in a generalized theoretical framework,two efficiency limitations of the conventional pump method of DKS are revealed: the effective coupling rate is too small and is also power-dependent. A general approach is provided to resolve this challenge by introducing two types of nonlinear couplers to couple the soliton cavity and CW input through nonlinear processes. The collective coupler opens multiple coupling channels and the self-adaptive coupler builds a power-independent effective external coupling rate to the DKS for approaching the generalized critical coupling condition, which promises near-unity power conversion efficiencies. For instance, a conversion efficiency exceeding 90% is predicted for aluminum nitride microrings with a nonlinear coupler utilizing second-harmonic generation. The mechanism applies to various nonlinear processes, including Raman and Brillouin scattering, and thus paves the way for micro-solitons toward practical applications.

关键词： Kerr frequency comb conversion efficiency nonlinear coupler

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Vortex identification based on the Liutex method and its effect on fish passage upstream

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2024年第1期36卷 130-141页

作者： chun-ying Shen Rui-guo Yang Xiao-tao Shi ming-ming Wang Shi-hua He Faculty of Electrical Power Engineering Kunming University of Science and TechnologyKunming650500China Hubei International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Fish Passage China Three Gorges UniversityYichang443002China Shanghai Investigation Design and Research Institute Co.LtShanghai200434China

Fishway research is important for mitigating the fragmentation of river habitats caused by hydraulic projects.The vertical slit fishway is a broadly used fishway type because of its high efficiency and adaptability to water levels.However,the resulting vortex current disrupts the fish passage hence directly affecting fish migration.This study aims to accurately capture the vortex structure in the fishway and analyze the effect of vortex elements(vortex structure,vortex intensity,etc.)on fish.We conducted an analysis of the 3-D current flow field in the fishway through the utilization of an experimental model and the large eddy simulation(LES)method.Moreover,we captured the vortex information in the fishway at different flow rates using the Liutex vortex identification method and investigated the effect of the vortex on fish migration.The results revealed that the structures inside the fishway pool occupy most of the room,however,the areas with higher vortex strength were primarily located in the vortex near the vertical seam and the mainstream,the vortex strength inside the fishway gradually increases with increasing flow,suppressing fish migration.Fish experienced significantly increased resistance when encountering strong vortices.This suggests that the vortex may act as a physical barrier to fish migration.These findings highlight the potential negative effects of vortex on fish movement and reiterate the importance of understanding vortex dynamics for aquatic environmental management.As an effective tool for identifying vortices in fluid flow,the Liutex method demonstrates features of vortex within the fishway,thereby providing important insights into the interaction between fluid dynamics and aquatic organisms.

关键词： Vertical slit fishway vortex identification method Liutex large eddy simulation(LES) fish experiment computational fluid dynamics

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Dual Frequency Transformer for Efficient SDR-to-HDR Translation

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Machine Intelligence Research 2024年第3期21卷 538-548页

作者： Gang xu Qibin Hou ming-ming Cheng Tianjin Media Computing Center College of Computer ScienceNankai UniversityTianjin300000China

The SDR-to-HDR translation technique can convert the abundant standard-dynamic-range (SDR) media resources to high-dynamic-range (HDR) ones, which can represent high-contrast scenes, providing more realistic visual experiences. While recent vision Transformers have achieved promising performance in many low-level vision tasks, there are few works attempting to leverage Transformers for SDR-to-HDR translation. In this paper, we are among the first to investigate the performance of Transformers for SDR-to-HDR translation. We find that directly using the self-attention mechanism may involve artifacts in the results due to the inappropriate way to model long-range dependencies between the low-frequency and high-frequency components. Taking this into account, we advance the self-attention mechanism and present a dual frequency attention (DFA), which leverages the self-attention mechanism to separately encode the low-frequency structural information and high-frequency detail information. Based on the proposed DFA, we further design a multi-scale feature fusion network, named dual frequency Transformer (DFT), for efficient SDR-to-HDR translation. Extensive experiments on the HDRTV1K dataset demonstrate that our DFT can achieve better quantitative and qualitative performance than the recent state-of-the-art methods. The code of our DFT is made publicly available at https://***/CS-Gangxu/DFT.

关键词： Standard-dynamic-range to high-dynamic-range(SDR-to-HDR)translation Transformer dual frequency attention(DFA) frequency-aware feature decomposition efficient model.

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Novel lactylation-related signature to predict prognosis for pancreatic adenocarcinoma

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第19期30卷 2575-2602页

作者： Tian Peng Fang Sun Jia-chun Yang Mei-Hong Cai Man-Xiu Huai Jia-Xing Pan Fei-Yu Zhang Lei-ming xu Department of Gastroenterology Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200092China

BACKGROUND Lactate,previously considered a metabolic byproduct,is pivotal in cancer progression and maintaining the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment.Further investigations confirmed that lactate is a primary regulator,introducing recently described post-translational modifications of histone and non-histone proteins,termed lysine lactylation.Pancreatic adenocarcinomas are characterized by increased glycolysis and lactate accumulation.However,our understanding of lactylation-related genes in pancreatic adenocarcinomas remains limited.AIM To construct a novel lactylation-related gene signature to predict the survival of patients with pancreatic cancer.METHODS RNA-seq and clinical data of pancreatic adenocarcinoma(PDAC)were obtained from the GTEx(Genotype-Tissue Expression)and TCGA(The Cancer Genome Atlas)databases via Xena Explorer,and GSE62452 datasets from GEO.Data on lactylation-related genes were obtained from publicly available sources.Differential expressed genes(DEGs)were acquired by using R package“DESeq2”in R.Univariate COX regression analysis,LASSO Cox and multivariate Cox regressions were produced to construct the lactylation-related prognostic model.Further analyses,including functional enrichment,ESTIMATE,and CIBERSORT,were performed to analyze immune status and treatment responses in patients with pancreatic cancer.PDAC and normal human cell lines were subjected to western blot analysis under lactic acid intervention;two PDAC cell lines with the most pronounced lactylation were selected.Subsequently,RT-PCR was employed to assess the expression of LRGs genes;SLC16A1,which showed the highest expression,was selected for further investigation.SLC16A1-mediated lactylation was analyzed by immunofluorescence,lactate production analysis,colony formation,transwell,and wound healing assays to investigate its role in promoting the proliferation and migration of PDAC cells.In vivo validation was performed using an established tumor model.RESULTS In this study,we successfully identified 10 differentially e

关键词： Pancreatic adenocarcinoma Lactylation Prognosis Immunotherapy Tumor microenvironment

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