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Efficient photocatalytic reduction of CO2 to formate by a molecular noble metal-free system

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Science China Chemistry 2025年第1期 152-156页

作者： Lihua Zhang Lingjing Chen Huatian Shi Yue Wei Gui Chen Tai-chu Lau School of Environment and Civil Engineering Research Center for Eco-environmental Engineering Dongguan University of Technology Department of Chemistry and Institute of Molecular Functional Materials City University of Hong Kong

Reducing CO2to carbon-neutral solar fuels can not only alleviate the energy demand but also mitigate the greenhouse *** present,developing an efficient non-noble metal photo/electrocatalytic system for converting CO2to a specific product beyond CO is still a big ***,we report a new cobalt complex bearing 2,2′-bi-1,10-phenanthroline ligand that can photocatalytically reduce CO2to formate （HCOO-）.Turnover number （TON） for HCOO-up to 677 with 99%selectivity can be achieved using organic dyes purpurin as photosensitizer and 1,3-dimethyl-2-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-benzo[d]imidazole （BIH） as sacrificial reductant in a CO2-saturated NMP/TEA （v/v,3:1） solution under visible light *** potential electrolysis at-1.41 V （***/Ag Cl） in the presence of 12 m M Et3NHBF4also produced HCOO-with Faradaic efficiency of 39%.Spectroscopic and electrochemical studies suggest that a[CoI-H]species is the key intermediate for CO2reduction.

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Multilevel analysis of the central-peripheral-target organ pathway:contributing to recovery after peripheral nerve injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第10期20卷 2807-2822页

作者： Xizi Song Ruixin Li Xiaolei chu Qi Li Ruihua Li Qingwen Li Kai-Yu Tong Xiaosong Gu Dong Ming Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine Tianjin UniversityTianjinChina Haihe Laboratory of Brain-Machine Interface and Human-Machine Fusion TianjinChina Department of Rehabilitation Tianjin University Tianjin HospitalTianjinChina Department of Hand Microsurgery Tianjin University Tianjin HospitalTianjinChina School of Exercise and Health Tianjin University of SportTianjinChina Department of Biomedical Engineering the Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong Special Administrative RegionChina

Peripheral nerve injury is a common neurological condition that often leads to severe functional limitations and *** on the pathogenesis of peripheral nerve injury has focused on pathological changes at individual injury sites,neglecting multilevel pathological analysis of the overall nervous system and target *** has led to restrictions on current therapeutic *** this paper,we first summarize the potential mechanisms of peripheral nerve injury from a holistic perspective,covering the central nervous system,peripheral nervous system,and target *** peripheral nerve injury,the cortical plasticity of the brain is altered due to damage to and regeneration of peripheral nerves;changes such as neuronal apoptosis and axonal demyelination occur in the spinal *** nerve will undergo axonal regeneration,activation of Schwann cells,inflammatory response,and vascular system regeneration at the injury *** damage to target organs can occur,including skeletal muscle atrophy and sensory receptor *** then provide a brief review of the research advances in therapeutic approaches to peripheral nerve *** main current treatments are conducted passively and include physical factor rehabilitation,pharmacological treatments,cell-based therapies,and physical ***,most treatments only partially address the problem and cannot complete the systematic recovery of the entire central nervous system-peripheral nervous system-target organ ***,we should further explore multilevel treatment options that produce effective,long-lasting results,perhaps requiring a combination of passive(traditional)and active(novel)treatment methods to stimulate rehabilitation at the central-peripheral-target organ levels to achieve better functional recovery.

关键词： central nervous system central peripheral target organ multilevel pathological analysis nerve regeneration peripheral nerve injury peripheral nervous system target organs therapeutic approach

主体结构荷载可控的新型组合式防护结构(Ⅱ)：影响因素及设计理念

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爆炸与冲击 2025年第1期45卷 011101-1-011101-12页

作者：方秦高矗孔祥振杨亚陆军工程大学爆炸冲击防灾减灾国家重点实验室江苏南京210007 内蒙古财经大学财政税务学院内蒙古呼和浩特010070

为明确泡沫混凝土厚度和强度对组合式防护结构抗爆性能的影响，充分发挥和合理利用泡沫混凝土良好的消波特性，首先通过试验及数值模拟探讨不同泡沫混凝土厚度和强度对组合式防护结构抗爆性能的影响，并分析分层梯度泡沫混凝土在爆炸波... 详细信息

为明确泡沫混凝土厚度和强度对组合式防护结构抗爆性能的影响，充分发挥和合理利用泡沫混凝土良好的消波特性，首先通过试验及数值模拟探讨不同泡沫混凝土厚度和强度对组合式防护结构抗爆性能的影响，并分析分层梯度泡沫混凝土在爆炸波作用下的消波特性。然后将组合式防护结构与采用中粗砂为分配层的传统成层式结构进行对比分析验证其优越性，在此基础上，总结凝练出组合式防护结构的主体结构荷载可控的设计理念。结果表明，利用泡沫混凝土材料较长的屈服平台和较低的波阻抗，以泡沫混凝土作为能量调控层，通过设计泡沫混凝土强度等级（密度等级）和厚度以及采用多层梯度泡沫混凝土，可使得作用于主体结构上的爆炸荷载峰值恰为泡沫混凝土屈服强度，实现对主体结构上荷载的可控设计，有效解决了中粗砂为分配层的传统成层式结构不易控制作用于主体结构上荷载的问题。研究结果可为抗新型钻地弹的防护设计提供重要参考。

关键词：泡沫混凝土组合式防护结构可控设计爆炸波消波

Subtropical urban turfs： Carbon and nitrogen pools and the role of enzyme activity

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2018年第3期30卷 18-28页

作者： Ling kong LM chu School of Life Sciences The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin NT Hong Kong SAR China department of orthopaedics & traumatology faculty of medicine the chinese university of hong kong

Urban grasslands not only provide a recreational venue for urban residents, but also sequester organic carbon in vegetation and soils through photosynthesis, and release carbon dioxide through respiration, which largely contribute to carbon storage and fluxes at regional and global scales. We investigated organic carbon and nitrogen pools in subtropical turfs and found that dissolved organic carbon（DOC） and dissolved organic nitrogen（DON）were regulated by several factors including microbial activity which is indicated by soil enzymatic activity. We observed a vertical variation and different temporal patterns in both soil DOC, DON and enzyme activities, which decreased significantly with increasing soil depths. We further found that concentration of soil DON was linked with turf age. There were correlations between grass biomass and soil properties, and soil enzyme activities. In particular, soil bulk density was significantly correlated with soil moisture and soil organic carbon（SOC）. In addition, DOC correlated significantly with DON. Significant negative correlations were also observed between soil total dissolved nitrogen（TDN） and grass biomass of Axonopus compressus and Zoysia matrella. Specifically, grass biomass was significantly correlated with the soil activity of urease and β-glucosidase. Soil NO3-N concentration also showed negative correlations with the activity of both β-glucosidase and protease but there were no significant correlations between cellulase and soil properties or grass biomass. Our study demonstrated a relationship between soil C and N dynamics and soil enzymes that could be modulated to enhance SOC pools through management and maintenance practices.

关键词： Dissolved organic carbon (DOC)lDissolved organic nitrogen (DON)lSoil enzymelTurfgrass

Micro-strain regulation strategy to stabilize perovskite lattice based on the categories and impact of strain on perovskite solar cells

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2025年第1期100卷 578-604页

作者： Caixia Li Wenwu Liu Shiji Da Lingbin kong Fen Ran State Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing and Recycling of Nonferrous Metals Lanzhou University of Technology School of Materials Science and Engineering Lanzhou University of Technology

Photovoltaic metal halide perovskite solar cells(PSCs) convert light to electricity more efficiently than crystalline silicon cells, and the cost of materials used to make them is lower than that of silicon *** efficiency is not a core issue affecting the application of perovskite solar cells in special *** present, stability is the major technical encounters that hinders its further commercial development. Microstrain in PSCs is currently a significant factor responsible for the device's instability. Strain-induced ion migration is widely believed to accelerate perovskite degradation even when external stimuli are ***, it is imperative to study strain to enhance the stability of PSCs. This paper reviews recent developments to understand strain's origin and effect mechanisms on performance of PSCs, including ion migration,failure behavior, defect formation, and its effect on photoelectric properties, stability, and ***, several well-known strain management strategies are systematically introduced based on the strain effect mechanism and strain engineering on the film, providing more clues for further preparation with increased stability. The manipulation of external physical strain applied from films to entire devices has been extensively studied. Furthermore, recommendations for future research directions and chemical approaches have been provided. It is emphasized that strain engineering plays a crucial role in improving the efficiency and longevity of PSCs. Tensile strain causes rapid degradation, while moderate compressive strain and external strain control could improve properties and stability. Efforts should focus on controlling compressive strain to mitigate residual tensile strain and introducing it in a controlled manner. Future research endeavors may focus on exploring these pathways to improve the efficiency and lifespan of PSCs.

关键词： Halide perovskite solar cells Strain origins Strain effects Strain management

Adaptive TQWT filter based feature extraction method and its application to detection of repetitive transients

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2018年第10期61卷 1556-1574页

作者： kong Yun WANG TianYang chu FuLei Department of Mechanical Engineering Tsinghua University

The local defect in rotating machine always gives rise to repetitive transients in the collected vibration signal. However, the transient signature is prone to be contaminated by strong background noises, thus it is a challenging task to detect the weak transients for machine fault diagnosis. In this paper, a novel adaptive tunable Q-factor wavelet transform(TQWT) filter based feature extraction method is proposed to detect repetitive transients. The emerging TQWT possesses distinct advantages over the classical constant-Q wavelet transforms, whose Q-factor can be tuned to match the oscillatory behavior of different signals, but the parameter selection for TQWT heavily relies on prior knowledge. Within our adaptive TQWT filter algorithm, the automatic optimization techniques for three TQWT parameters are implemented to achieve an optimal TQWT basis that matches the transient components. Specifically, the decomposition level is selected according to a center frequency ratio based stopping criterion, and the Q-factor and redundancy are optimized based on the minimum energy-weighted normalized wavelet ***, the adaptive TQWT decomposition can be achieved in a sparse way and result in subband signals at various wavelet ***, the optimum subband signal which carries transient feature information, is identified using a normalized energy to bandwidth ratio index. Finally, the single branch reconstruction signal from the optimum subband is obtained with transient signatures via inverse TQWT, and the frequency of repetitive transients is detected using Hilbert envelope demodulation. It has been verified via numerical simulation that the proposed adaptive TQWT filter based feature extraction method can adaptively select TQWT parameters and the optimum subband for repetitive transient detection without prior knowledge. The proposed method is also applied to faulty bearing vibration signals and its effectiveness is validated.

关键词： tunable Q-factor wavelet transform parameter selection energy-weighted normalized wavelet entropy energy to bandwidth ratio transient detection fault diagnosis

Effect of hydraulic retention time on the hydrogen yield and population of Clostridium in hydrogen fermentation of glucose

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2009年第4期21卷 424-428页

作者： chu chunfeng EBIE Yoshitaka INAMORI Yuhei kong Hainan School of Environmental Science and Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China National Institute for Environmental Studies Tsukuba 305-8506 Japan Faculty of Symbiotic Systems Science Fukushima University Fukushima 960-1296 Japan

The conversion of glucose to hydrogen was evaluated using continuous stirred tank reactor at pH 5.5 with various hydraulic retention times （HRT） at 30℃. Furthermore, the population dynamics of hydrogen-producing bacteria was surveyed by fluorescence in-situ hybridization using probe Clost IV targeting the genus Clostridium based on 16S rRNA. It was clear that positive correlation was observed between the cells quantified with probe Clost IV and hydrogen yield of the respective sludge. The numbers of hydrogen- producing bacteria were decreased gradually with increasing HRT, were 9.2 × 10^8, 8.2 × 10^8, 2.8 × 10^8, and 6.2 × 10^7 cell/mL at HRT 6, 8, 12, and 14 h, respectively. The hydrogen yield was 1.4-1.5 mol H2/mol glucose at the optimum HRT range 6-8 h. It is considered that the percentage of the hydrogen-producing bacteria to total bacteria is useful parameter for evaluation of hydrogen production process.

关键词： bio-hydrogen fluorescence in-situ hybridization genus Clostridium

Fault feature extraction of planet gear in wind turbine gearbox based on spectral kurtosis and time wavelet energy spectrum

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Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering 2017年第3期12卷 406-419页

作者： Yun kong Tianyang WANG Zheng LI Fulei chu Department of Mechanical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China

Planetary transmission plays a vital role in wind turbine drivetrains, and its fault diagnosis has been an important and challenging issue. Owing to the complicated and coupled vibration source, time-variant vibration transfer path, and heavy background noise masking effect, the vibration signal of planet gear in wind turbine gearboxes exhibits several unique characteristics： Complex frequency components, low signal-to-noise ratio, and weak fault feature. In this sense, the periodic impulsive components induced by a localized defect are hard to extract, and the fault detection of planet gear in wind turbines remains to be a challenging research work. Aiming to extract the fault feature of planet gear effectively, we propose a novel feature extraction method based on spectral kurtosis and time wavelet energy spectrum （SK-TWES） in the paper. Firstly, the spectral kurtosis （SK） and kurtogram of raw vibration signals are computed and exploited to select the optimal filtering parameter for the subsequent band-pass filtering. Then, the band-pass filtering is applied to extrude periodic transient impulses using the optimal frequency band in which the corresponding SK value is maximal. Finally, the time wavelet energy spectrum analysis is performed on the filtered signal, selecting Morlet wavelet as the mother wavelet which possesses a high similarity to the impulsive components. The experimental signals collected from the wind turbine gearbox test rig demonstrate that the proposed method is effective at the feature extraction and fault diagnosis for the planet gear with a localized defect.

关键词： wind turbine planet gear fault feature extraction spectral kurtosis time wavelet energy spectrum

Numerical investigation on free air blast loads generated from center-initiated cylindrical charges with varied aspect ratio in arbitrary orientation

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2022年第9期18卷 1662-1678页

作者： chu Gao Xiang-zhen kong Qin Fang Jian Hong Yin Wang State Key Laboratory of Disaster Prevention&Mitigation of Explosion&Impact Army Engineering University of PLAJiangsuNanjing210007China Inner Mongolia University of Finance and Economics Inner MongoliaHohhot010070China Engineering Research Center for Safety and Protection of Explosion&Impact of Ministry of Education Southeast UniversityJiangsuNanjing211189China

In current guidelines, the free air blast loads(overpressure and impulse) are determined by spherical charges, although most of ordnance devices are more nearly cylindrical than spherical in geometry. This may result in a great underestimation of blast loads in the near field and lead to an unsafe ***, there is still a lack of systematic quantitative analysis of the blast loads generated from cylindrical charges. In this study, a numerical model is developed by using the hydrocode AUTODYN to investigate the influences of aspect ratio and orientation on the free air blast loads generated from center-initiated cylindrical charges. This is done by examining the pressure contours, the peak overpressures and impulses for various aspect ratios ranged from 1 to 8 and arbitrary orientation monitored along every azimuth angle with an interval of 5°. To characterize the distribution patterns of blast loads,three regions, i.e., the axial region, the vertex region and the radial region are identified, and the propagation of blast waves in each region is analyzed in detail. The complexity of blast loads of cylindrical charges is found to result from the bridge wave and its interaction with primary waves. Several empirical formulas are presented based on curve-fitting the numerical data, including the orientation where the maximum peak overpressure emerges, the critical scaled distance beyond which the charge shape effect could be neglected and blast loads with varied aspect ratio in arbitrary orientation, all of which are useful for blast-resistant design.

关键词： Cylindrical charge Blast loads Aspect ratio Azimuth angle Bridge wave