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Neural Regeneration Research 2015年第11期10卷 1735-1736页

作者： Guillermo García-Alías v.Reggie Edgerton Department of Integrativ. Biology and Physiology University of California

Ov.r the last years,anatomical,electrophysiological and genetic studies hav. carefully dissected the pathways connecting the brain and the spinal *** and Kuypers（1968）described the organization of the descending motor pathways in the non-human primate spinal *** there are some differences between species regarding the precise anatomical location of each spinal pathway and the selectiv. connectiv.ty onto spinal interneurons and motoneurons, the pattern of organization described is con- serv.d among the mammalian spinal cord （Courtine et al., 2007）. Based on their description, the major descending motor pathways are grouped depending on their anatomical origin and their termi- nal distribution pattern in the spinal grey matter. The motor cortex projects corticospinal axons to the spinal cord, which mostly run in the contralateral cord and innerv.te the mid and dorsal grey matter neurons.

关键词： stem Who is who after spinal cord injury and repair

Loss of Notch signaling in skeletal stem cells enhances bone formation with aging

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Bone Research 2023年第4期11卷 737-750页

作者： Lindsey H.Remark Kev.n Leclerc Malissa Ramsukh Ziyan Lin Sooyeon Lee Backialakshmi Dharmalingam Lauren Gillinov.v.sudev.v.Nayak Paulo El Parente Margaux Sambon Pablo J.Atria Mohamed A.E.Ali Lukasz Witek Alesha B.Castillo christopher Y.Park Ralf H.Adams Aristotelis Tsirigos Sophie M.Morgani Philipp Leucht Department of Orthopaedic Surgery NYU Robert I.Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkNYUSA Applied Bioinformatics Laboratories NYU Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkNYUSA Institute of Comparativ. Molecular Endocrinology Ulm UniversityUlmGermany Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine Department of Tissue Morphogenesisand University of MünsterFaculty of MedicineD-48149 MünsterGermany Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology University of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFLUSA Department of Pathology NYU Robert I.Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkNYUSA Biomaterials Div.sion New York University College of DentistryNew YorkNYUSA Hansjörg Wyss Department of Plastic Surgery NYU Grossman School of MedicineNew York UniversityNew YorkNYUSA Department of Biomedical Engineering Tandon School of EngineeringNew York UniversityBrooklynNYUSA Department of Cell Biology NYU Robert I.Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkNYUSA

Skeletal stem and progenitor cells(SSPCs) perform bone maintenance and repair. With age, they produce fewer osteoblasts and more adipocytes leading to a loss of skeletal integrity. The molecular mechanisms that underlie this detrimental transformation are largely unknown. Single-cell RNA sequencing rev.aled that Notch signaling becomes elev.ted in SSPCs during aging. To examine the role of increased Notch activ.ty, we deleted Nicastrin, an essential Notch pathway component, in SSPCs in v.v.. Middle-aged conditional knockout mice displayed elev.ted SSPC osteo-lineage gene expression, increased trabecular bone mass, reduced bone marrow adiposity, and enhanced bone repair. Thus, Notch regulates SSPC cell fate decisions, and moderating Notch signaling ameliorates the skeletal aging phenotype, increasing bone mass ev.n beyond that of young mice. Finally, we identified the transcription factor Ebf3 as a downstream mediator of Notch signaling in SSPCs that is dysregulated with aging, highlighting it as a promising therapeutic target to rejuv.nate the aged skeleton.

关键词： Notch skeletal elev.ted

俄勒冈州喀斯喀特山区2001年12月13日气旋风暴分析

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干旱气象 2008年第3期26卷 82-94页

作者： christopher P. Woods Mark T. Stoelinga Johnd. Locatelli Peter v. Hobbs 陈跃（译）陈添宇（译）中国气象科学研究院北京100081 甘肃省人工影响天气办公室甘肃兰州730020 不详

2001年12月13—14日，一个强劲的气旋风暴影响了西北太平洋地区，在俄勒冈州喀斯喀特山区产生了强地形降水。这个风暴是“改进微物理参数的观测验证试验（Improv.ment of Microphysical Parameterization through Observ.tional v.rific... 详细信息

2001年12月13—14日，一个强劲的气旋风暴影响了西北太平洋地区，在俄勒冈州喀斯喀特山区产生了强地形降水。这个风暴是“改进微物理参数的观测验证试验（Improv.ment of Microphysical Parameterization through Observ.tional v.rification Experiment，IMPROv.）”第二阶段外场研究的气旋风暴之一。在风暴移过俄勒冈州喀斯喀特山区期间，获得了大量的实测和遥感探测数据，形成了由气象状态参数（温、压、湿、风向风速和垂直气流速度）、极化多普勒雷达探测数据和云微物理参数（云液态水、粒子浓度、粒子谱及图像）组成的完整数据库。12月13—14日的过程具有对流层底层前倾锋演变的特点，锋面向前上方伸展到了强烈发展的高空冷锋雨带中，云发展到了8～9km的高度。与以前华盛顿喀斯喀特山区分析的风暴重要差别是，这个风暴在俄勒冈州喀斯喀特山上空的锋前低层气流是与弱东风气流相反的强西风爬山气流。结果当高空冷锋雨带过境时，在高空产生了大量冰晶的同时在低层地形抬升地区又产生了丰富的液态水。机载实测、地基微波辐射计观测以及雪晶观测证实，同时存在高冰晶浓度和高空相对大的云水含量，地面冰晶凇附也严重。分析表明，锋面和地形的相互促进作用使降水得到了增强。

关键词：风暴分析俄勒冈州山区气旋 v.rification 地基微波辐射计气流速度地形抬升

Gut sterilization in experimental colitis leukocyte mediated colon injury, and effects on angiogenesis/lymphangiogenesis

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Open Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第1期3卷 12-24页

作者： Mihir Patel Justin Olinde Allison Tatum Chaitanya v. Ganta Walter E. Cromer Ankur R. Sheth Merilyn H. Jennings J. Michael Mathis Traci Testerman Paul A. Jordan Kenneth Manas christopher P. Monceaux J. Stev.n Alexander Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy LSU Health Shreveport Shreveport USA Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology LSU Health Shreveport Shreveport USA Department of Microbiology and Immunology LSU Health Shreveport Shreveport USA Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology LSU Health Shreveport Shreveport USA

Inappropriate responses to normal commensal bacteria trigger immune activ.tion in both inflammatory bowel disease and experimental colitis. How gut flora contribute to the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease is unclear, but may inv.lv. entrapment of leukocytes and remodeling of the v.scular system. Here we ev.luated how the progression and tissue remodeling in experimental colitis differ in a germ- free model of mouse colitis. Four treatment groups were used: control, antibiotic-treated (ABX), dextran sulfate colitis (DSS) and DSS pre- and co-treated with antibiotics (DSS + ABX). In days 0 - 3 of the study, germ-free mice receiv.d antibiotics (v.ncomycin, neomycin, and metronidazole). During the next 11 days, antibiotics were continued and DSS (3%) added to “colitis” groups. Disease activ.ty, weight, stool form and blood were monitored daily. Mice were sacrificed and tissue samples harv.sted. Histopathological scores in controls (0.00) and in ABX (1.0+/–0.81) were significantly (p –0). Extents of injury, inflammation and crypt damage were all improv.d in DSS + ABX. The Disease Activ.ty Index score (day 11) was significantly worse in the DSS group compared to the DSS + ABX group. Stool blood and form scores were also significantly improv.d among these groups. Importantly, myeloper- oxidase was significantly reduced in DSS + ABX, indicating that neutrophil infiltration was blocked. Colitis was associated with an increase in blood and lymphatic v.ssels;both of these ev.nts were also significantly reduced by gut sterilization. Our experiment shows that clinical and histopathological sev.rity of colitis was significantly worse in the DSS colitis group compared to the DSS + ABX group, supporting the hypothesis that dev.lopment of IBD is likely to be less sev.re with appropriate antibiotic treatment. In particular, gut sterilization effectiv.ly reduces leuko- cyte-dependent (PMN) injury to improv. outcomes and may be an important target for therapy.

关键词： Crohn’s Disease Antibiotics Myeloperoxidase Lymphatics Angiogenesis

Env.ronmental landscape determinants of maximum forest canopy height of boreal forests

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2019年第1期12卷 96-102页

作者： Lingfeng Mao christopher W.Bater John JStadt Barry White Piotr Tompalski Nicholas C.Coops Scott E.Nielsen Department of Renewable Resources University of AlbertaEdmontonAlberta T6G 2H1Canada Forest Management Branch Forestry DivisionAlberta Agriculture and ForestryEdmontonAlberta T5K 2M4Canada Department of Forest Resource Management University of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish Columbia V6T 1Z4Canada

Aims Canopy height is a key driv.r of forest biodiv.rsity and carbon *** estimates of canopy height are needed for assess-ing mechanisms relating to ecological patterns and processes of tree height *** global scales forest canopy height patterns are largely controlled by climate,while local v.riation at fine scales is due to differences in disturbance history and local patterns in env.r-onmental *** relativ. effect of local env.ronmental driv.ers on canopy height is poorly understood partly due to gaps in data on canopy height and methods for examining limiting ***,we used airborne laser scanning(ALS)data on v.getation structure of boreal forests to examine the effects of env.ronmental factors on potential maximum forest canopy *** Relationships between maximum canopy height from ALS meas-ures and env.ronmental v.riables were examined to assess factors limiting tree ***,we used quantile regression at the 0.90 quantile to relate maximum canopy height with env.ronmental characteristics of climate(*** annual temperature[MAT]and mean annual precipitation),terrain(***)and depth-to-water(DTW)across a 33000 km2 multiple use boreal forest landscape in northeast Alberta,*** Findings Maximum canopy height was positiv.ly associated with MAT,ter-rain slope and terrain-deriv.d DTW,collectiv.ly explaining 33.2%of the v.riation in *** strongest explanatory v.riable was DTW explaining 26%of canopy height v.riation with peatland forests hav.ng naturally shorter maximum canopy heights,but also more sites currently at their maximum potential *** con-trast,the most productiv. forests(*** to xeric upland forests)had the fewest sites at their potential maximum height,illustrating the effects of long-term forest management,wildfires and general anthropogenic footprints on reducing the extent and abundance of older,taller forest habitat in Alberta’s boreal forest.

关键词： forest succession v.getation structure quantile regression remote sensing airborne laser scanning(ALS)

剑桥国际英语语法、词汇、短语、表达全突破基础篇

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The efficacy of a v.rification stage for determining v._(2max)and the impact of sampling interv.ls

2013年

作者： Adrian Doff christopher Jones

本书有80个单元, 涵盖了基础英语学习阶段的基本语法点、核心词汇、短语及表达, 即使词汇量和语法知识有限的初学者也可以快速突破。书中主要包括: 80个语法点, 2000多个核心词汇和表达, 80多个基本概念, 常用词的反义词或近义词辨析, ... 详细信息

ISBN: (数字)9787561934623

ISBN: (纸本)9787887744265;9787561934623

本书有80个单元, 涵盖了基础英语学习阶段的基本语法点、核心词汇、短语及表达, 即使词汇量和语法知识有限的初学者也可以快速突破。书中主要包括: 80个语法点, 2000多个核心词汇和表达, 80多个基本概念, 常用词的反义词或近义词辨析, 介词的用法, 代词的用法, 1000多个有用的句型。

关键词：英语

来源：畅想之星图书光盘版（南... 评论

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Sports Medicine and Health Science 2023年第2期5卷 101-105页

作者： Emily J.Kontos Nicholas D.Luden Stephanie Kurti christopher J.Womack Human Performance Laboratory Department of KinesiologyJames Madison UniversityHarrisonburgVA22801USA

It is unknown whether oxygen uptake(v._(2))sampling interv.ls influence the efficacy of a v.rification stage following a graded exercise test(GXT).Fifteen females and 14 males(18-25 years)completed a maximal treadmill *** a 5min recov.ry,the v.rification stage began at the speed and grade corresponding with the penultimate stage from the *** oxygen consumption(v._(2max))from the incremental GXT(iv._(2max))and v._(2max)from the v.rification stage(v.rv._(2max))were determined using 10 seconds(s),30s,and 60s from breath×breath *** was no main effect for v._(2max)measure(iv._(2max)***_(2max))10s([47.9±8.31]ml∙kg^(−1)∙min^(−1)v.[48.85±7.97]ml∙kg^(−1)∙min^(−1)),30s([46.94±8.62]ml∙kg^(−1)∙min^(−1)v.[47.28±7.97]ml∙kg^(−1)∙min^(−1)),and 60s([46.17±8.62]ml∙kg^(−1)∙min^(−1)v.[46.00±8.00]ml∙kg^(−1)∙min^(−1)].There was a stage×sampling interv.l interaction as the difference between(v.rv._(2max)−iv._(2max))was greater for 10-s than 60-s sampling *** v.rv._(2max)was>4%higher than iv._(2max)in 31%,31%,and 17%of the tests for the 10-s,30-s,and 60-s sampling interv.ls *** for the plateau was90%for all sampling interv.ls;while specificity wasv.rification stages for eliciting a higher v._(2max)may be influenced by the sampling interv.l utilized.

关键词： v._(2max)testing v.rification stage v._(2max)criteria specificity v._(2max)criteria sensitiv.ty

Molecular markers for artemisinin and partner drug resistance in natural Plasmodium falciparum populations following increased insecticide treated net cov.rage along the slope of mount Cameroon:cross-sectional study

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Infectious Diseases of Pov.rty 2017年第1期6卷 1205-1214页

作者： Tobias O.Apinjoh Regina N.Mugri Oliv. Miotto Hanesh F.Chi Rolland B.Tata Judith K.Anchang-Kimbi Eleanor M.Fon Delphine A.Tangoh Robert v.Nyingchu christopher Jacob Roberto Amato Abdoulaye Djimde Dominic Kwiatkowski Eric A.Achidi Alfred Amambua-Ngwa Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology University of BueaBueaCameroon Department of Microbiology and Parasitology University of BueaBueaCameroon Mahidol-Oxford Research Unit Faculty of Tropical MedicineMahidol UniversityBangkokThailand Department of Zoology and Animal Physiology University of BueaBueaCameroon Department of Medical Laboratory Science University of BueaBueaCameroon Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute HinxtonCambridge CB101SAUK Malaria Research and Training Centre BamakoMali MRC Unit FajaraThe Gambia

Background:Drug resistance is one of the greatest challenges of malaria control programmes,with the monitoring of parasite resistance to artemisinins or to Artemisinin Combination Therapy(ACT)partner drugs critical to elimination *** of resistance to a wide panel of antimalarials were assessed in natural parasite populations from southwestern ***:Indiv.duals with asymptomatic parasitaemia or uncomplicated malaria were enrolled through crosssectional surv.ys from May 2013 to March 2014 along the slope of mount *** falciparum malaria parasitaemic blood,screened by light microscopy,was depleted of leucocytes using CF11 cellulose columns and the parasite genotype ascertained by sequencing on the Illumina HiSeq ***:A total of 259 participants were enrolled in this study from three different *** some alleles associated with drug resistance in pfdhfr,pfmdr1 and pfcrt were highly prev.lent,less than 3%of all samples carried mutations in the pfkelch13 gene,none of which were amongst those associated with slow artemisinin parasite clearance rates in Southeast *** most prev.lent haplotypes were triple mutants PfdhfrI51R59N108I164(99%),pfcrt-C72v.3I74E75T76(47.3%),and single mutants PfdhpsS_(436)G_(437)K_(540)A_(581)A_(613)(69%)and Pfmdr1 N_(86)F)(184)D_(1246)(53.2%).Conclusions:The predominance of the Pf pfcrt Cv.ET and Pf dhfr IRN triple mutant parasites and absence of pfkelch13 resistance alleles suggest that the amodiaquine and pyrimethamine components of AS-AQ and SP may no longer be effectiv. in their role while chloroquine resistance still persists in southwestern Cameroon.

关键词： Molecular markers Drug resistance Plasmodium falciparum

经颅多普勒超声（TCD）的实践标准——第2部分：临床适应证和预期结果

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国际脑血管病杂志 2012年第1期20卷 1-11页

作者： Andrei v. Alexandrov.Michael A. Sloan Charles H. Tegeler Dav.d N. Newell Alan Lumsden Zsolt Garami christopher R. Lev. Lawrence K.S. Wong Colleen Douv.lle Manfred Kaps 李海峰（译）李宏（译）李展秀（译） From the Comprehensiv. Stroke Center University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham AL 青岛大学医学院附属医院神经内科

引言：经颅多普勒（transcranial Doppler，TCD）已被证实为一种安全有效的生理学超声检查技术。尽管成像设备可以在结构影像的基础上显示颅内血流，但成像性双功能超声或非成像性TCD检查提供的最终结果是通过频谱波形来评价生理学血流... 详细信息

引言：经颅多普勒（transcranial Doppler，TCD）已被证实为一种安全有效的生理学超声检查技术。尽管成像设备可以在结构影像的基础上显示颅内血流，但成像性双功能超声或非成像性TCD检查提供的最终结果是通过频谱波形来评价生理学血流参数。总结概要：多学科专家小组确定的TCD临床适应证包括：镰状细胞病、恼缺血、右向左分流（right—to—left shunt，RLS）、蛛网膜下腔出血、脑死亡以及围手术期或术中监测。TCD检查可常规应用于住院或门诊患者的一些临床实践活动：通过完整或部分TCD检查以检测正常、狭窄或闭塞的颅内血管和侧支循环来判断动脉闭塞位置，并进一步完善颈动脉超声或无创性血管造影结果；通过血管运动反应性检查来识别首发或复发性卒中的高危患者；通过栓子监测对脑栓塞进行实时检查、定位和量化；在怀疑反常性栓塞或考虑分流封堵术治疗的患者中进行RLS检测；对溶栓治疗进行监测以促进血管再通和检测再闭塞；在血管内支架置入术、颈动脉内膜切除术和心脏外科手术中进行监测以发现围手术期栓塞、血栓形成、低灌注或高灌注。结论：通过界定实践范围，这些标准将在TCD检查的申请、检查和评价过程中给开申请单的医生、发报告的医生以及第三方提供帮助。

关键词： TCD 适应证应用结果

Sustainability and Public Engagement in Mining： The Role of Engineers

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Journal of Earth Science and Engineering 2015年第5期5卷 280-288页

作者： Marcello M. v.iga christopher Tucker Norman B. Keev.l Institute of Mining Engineering University of British Columbia Vancouver V6TI Z4 Canada

Social issues are increasingly recognized as significant inhibitors to mineral dev.lopment projects. Increasingly, social risk is being recognized as a key factor determining the success of a mineral inv.stment. Groups opposed to a mine for social or political reasons otten use env.ronmental impacts, real or perceiv.d, to prev.nt mine dev.lopment. These risk factors depend largely on cultural perceptions of mining activ.ties and must be understood as such in order to be appropriately managed. A first step to addressing social issues is inclusiv., transparent and meaningful engagement of stakeholders. This process allows stakeholders to understand what the other parties v.lue in order to collectiv.ly establish a common currency for dev.lopment and the creation of mutual v.lue. Expanding the scope of benefits and v.lues a mine can bring is of increasing importance to mining companies who typically consult outside specialists remote from the mine site and late in the dev.lopment timeline for this purpose. Training technical staff, engineers and geologists, who make initial and ongoing contact with local interests, in a holistic approach to mine dev.lopment is crucial to successful and economic mineral dev.lopment projects. Further extending this conv.rsation to the genera/ public, media gov.rnments and non-gov.mmental organizations is a necessary step in dev.loping a meaningful discourse on the benefit of mining activ.ties.

关键词： Social issues in mining mining and society public engagement sustainability of mining.