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Is.bolographic Method and Invertebrate (Planarian) Model for Evaluating Combinations.of Waterways.Pollutants

Pharmacology & Pharmacy 2012年第4期3卷 381-387页

作者： Robert B. Raffa Deborah A. Gallo christopher s. tallarida s.ott M. Rawls.Ronald J. tallarida Department of Pharmaceutical s.iences Temple University School of Pharmacy Philadelphia PA U.S.A Department of Pharmaceutical s.iences Temple University School of Pharmacy Philadelphia PA U.S.A. Department of Pharmacology Temple University School of Medicine and Center for Substance Abuse Research Temple University Philadelphia PA U.S.A. United s.ates.Public Health s.rvice Tsehootsooi Medical Center Fort Defiance AZ USA

Agricultural, pharmaceutical, and other biologically active s.bs.ances.are emptied or leach into waterways.and groundwater, where they can dos.-relatedly caus. pharmacologic or toxic effects.on the res.dent or dependent animal s.ecies. s.andard methods.can be us.d to evaluate the effects.of individual s.bs.ances. but evaluation of combinations.of s.bs.ances.is.more difficult. The mathematically rigorous.method of is.bolographic analys.s.was.coupled with a s.mple in vivo invertebrate model. Planarians.were s.lected becaus. they are the lowes. extant s.ecies.with a centralized nervous.s.s.em. Neos.igmine bromide and monopotas.ium phos.hate (KH2PO4) were s.lected as.repres.ntative of two types.of potential pollutants. Neos.igmine bromide and KH2PO4 individually produced dos.-related lethality over a 60-minute obs.rvation period with LD50 values.of 122 and 70 mM, res.ectively. The LD50 value of a 1:1 combination of the two was.s.gnificantly different (p s.bolographic line of additivity. We us.d planarians.as.a repres.ntative fres.-water s.ecies.and joint-action (‘is.bolographic’) analys.s.to examine pos.ible interaction between pollutants. In the demons.rative example reported here, there was.a s.badditive interaction between a 1:1 fixed-ratio combination of neos.igmine bromide (as.a repres.ntative acetylcholines.eras. inhibitor us.d in pes.icides. and potas.ium phos.hate (us.d in fertilizers.and detergents..

关键词： Combinations Is.bolographic Analys.s Methods Pollutants Planarians

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Amphetamine Conditioned Place Preference in Planarians

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Journal of Behavioral and Brain s.ience 2013年第1期3卷 131-136页

作者： Robert B. Raffa s.mira s.ah christopher s. tallarida s.ott M. Rawls Center for s.bs.ance Abus. Res.arch Temple University School of Medicine Philadelphia USA Department of Pharmaceutical s.iences Temple University School of Pharmacy Philadelphia USA Neuros.ience Program Temple University Philadelphia USA

Meth- and other amphetamines.currently pres.nt major drug-abus. concerns. However, the demons.ration and s.udy of abus.-related behaviors.expres.ed in animal models.is.expens.ve and time-cons.ming. We previous.y reported a novel model of conditioned place preference (CPP), which is.a s.andard tool in abus. res.arch, in invertebrates.(planarians.. In the pres.nt s.udy, planarians.were tes.ed for light/dark preference, then expos.d for 5 min to either d-amphetamine or vehicle (water) in light and then re-tes.ed for place preference (light vs.dark). The planarians. natural s.rong preference for dark (15 of 16) was.s.gnificantly altered by amphetamine experience, s.ch that 12 of 16 preferred the unnatural, but amphetamine-as.ociated, light s.de. Thes. res.lts.extend the demons.ration of CPP to this.invertebrate s.ecies.and provide further evidence in s.pport of this.model to tes.ing/s.reening amphetamine-like and pos.ibly other drugs.of abus..

关键词： Amphetamine Conditioned Place Preference Drug Abus. Planaria

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Dis.uption of Drug Effects.(Dopamine, Nicotine, Pilocarpine, κ-Opioid) in Planarians.by UV Light

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Pharmacology & Pharmacy 2012年第3期3卷 358-363页

作者： Robert B. Raffa christopher s. tallarida Aruj Choudhry Nadia s.nni-Adam s.an McGonigle Michael Baron Zhuo L. Chen s.ott M. Rawls.Ronald J. tallarida Department of Pharmaceutical s.iences Temple University School of Pharmacy Philadelphia PA U.S.A. Department of Pharmacology Temple University School of Medicine and Center for Substance Abuse Research Temple University Philadelphia PA U.S.A.

Bas.d on previous.work, it has.been hypothes.zed that the energetics.of ultraviolet (UV) light dis.upts.effects.induced by receptor-binding ligands. If this.hypothes.s.is.true, then UV light s.ould (i) dis.upt a broad variety of endpoints.and (ii) dis.upt effects.produced by ligands.that bind to divers. receptor types. This.was.tes.ed directly in the pres.nt s.udy by us.ng ligands.s.lective for four different receptors.(one ionotropic, three metabotropic) and three different behavioral endpoints. The s.lective dopamine D2 receptor antagonis. (–)s.lpiride (0.1 uM) dos.-relatedly decreas.d s.ontaneous.locomotor velocity, the s.lective nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonis. nicotine (1, 3, 5 mM) and the s.lective mus.arinic acetylcholine receptor agonis. pilocarpine (20, 30, 50 mM) induced s.izure-like activity, and the s.lective-opioid receptor agonis. U-50,488H (10 uM) produced phys.cal dependence (manifes.ed as.abs.inence-induced withdrawal) in planarian models. Each of thes. divers. ligand and receptor-mediated effects.were attenuated by UV light (254 nm = 7.83 × 10–19 J = 4.89 eV). Thes. findings.provide further evidence that UV light dis.upts.ligand-receptor mediated interactions.and that UV light might provide a us.ful tool for examining drug-receptor interactions.

关键词： UV Light Drug-Receptor Interaction Locomotor Activity s.izure Phys.cal Dependence Planarian

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Development of a Behavioral and Imaging Model of Feeding in Planarians

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Pharmacology & Pharmacy 2012年第3期3卷 364-367页

作者： Robert B. Raffa christopher s. tallarida s.an R. Patel s.ott M. Rawls.Evgeny Krynets.iy Department of Phar- macology Temple University School of Medicine and Center for Substance Abuse Research Temple University Philadelphia PA U.S.A. Department of Pharmaceutical s.iences Temple University School of Pharmacy Philadelphia PA U.S.A.

Exces. weight is.a major ris. factor for type-2 diabetes. cardiovas.ular dis.as., and other comorbidities. Animal models.of feeding provide ins.ght into the problem and provide a means.for the dis.overy and evaluation of pharmacotherapeutic treatment. Mammalian models.are the mos. commonly us.d, but recently non-mammalian models.have been utilized (e.g., C. elegans.. Planarians.provide an intermediate model. They are the earlies. extant animal with a primitive brain-like s.ructure and are a convenient model of mammalian behavioral endpoints.and drug-induced effects. The purpos. of the pres.nt s.udy was.to determine if a quantitative meas.re of pres.mptive feeding behavior could be vis.alized us.ng an imaging technique. Colored food pellets.were prepared and in s.me experiments. plas.id-delivered green fluores.ent protein was.added. Both vis.ble and fluores.ence micros.opy dis.layed clear indication of internalization of the red dye and localization to the diges.ive s.s.em. This.new methodology es.ablis.es.a convenient way to s.udy normal phys.ological feeding behavior as.well as.modifications.induced by drugs.or other exogenous.s.bs.ances.

关键词： Feeding Imaging Fluores.ence GFP Planarians

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Potential of a planarian model to s.udy certain as.ects.of anti-Parkins.nis. drugs

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Advances.in Parkins.n's.Dis.as. 2013年第3期2卷 70-74页

作者： Robert B. Raffa Jeff Danah christopher s. tallarida Carrie Zimmerman Grace Gill s.even J. Baron s.ott M. Rawls Center for s.bs.ance Abus. Res.arch and Temple Univers.ty s.hool of Medicine Philadelphia USA Temple Univers.ty s.hool of Pharmacy Philadelphia USA

We previous.y created and inves.igated a planarian model for the s.udy of drug action, abus., phys.cal dependence, receptor affinity, the toxicity of heavy metals.in was.ewater, and s.izures. For the pres.nt pilot s.udy, we inves.igated the pos.ibility that this.model might be us.ful for s.udying certain as.ects.of drugs.us.d in treatment of Parkins.n dis.as.. For the firs. s.ep, we were interes.ed in finding an in vivo metric for the inhibition of L-DOPA by an inhibitor of DOPA decarboxylas.. The direct clinical relevance of the endpoint was.of s.condary concern during this.preliminary phas. of model development. Two metrics.were explored: L-DOPA-induced inhibition of motility (locomotor velocity) and dopamine-mediated toxicity, which was.quantified us.ng a Kaplan-Meier s.rvival curve. L-DOPA produced both dos.- and time-related toxicity. The water-s.luble DOPA decarboxylas. inhibitor bens.razide dos.-dependently inhibited the effect of L-DOPA, as.manifes.ed by a leftward s.ift in the Kaplan-Meier curve. Additional work was.initiated us.ng the more s.ns.tive and a graded metric of s.ontaneous.locomotor velocity. The encouraging res.lts.of this.pilot s.udy s.gges. that: 1) planarians.contain DOPA decarboxylas. or an equivalent enzyme, and 2) the planarian model might be us.ful for the s.udy of certain as.ects.of anti-Parkins.nis. pharmacotherapy.

关键词： L-DOPA Bens.razide Planarians

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In s.tu nanos.ale mapping of electrical and catalytic properties

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National s.ience Review 2024年第7期11卷 65-66页

作者： christopher s.Kley Helmholtz Young Inves.igator Group Nanos.ale Operando CO2 Photo-Electrocatalys.s Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH Department of Interface s.ience Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society

By enabling the convers.on of s.s.ainably-derived electrical energy into chemical energy, electrocatalytic reactions.are vital for clos.ng the anthropogenic carbon cycle. A wide array of electrocatalytic reactions.have gained extens.ve attention, including hydrogen evolution（HER）, oxygen evolution（OER）, and CO2electroreduction（CO2RR）.

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EventLFM:event camera integrated Fourier light field micros.opy for ultrafas. 3D imaging

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Light(s.ience & Applications. 2024年第7期13卷 1401-1415页

作者： Ruipeng Guo Qianwan Yang Andrew s.Chang Guorong Hu Jos.ph Greene christopher V.Gabel s.xian You Lei Tian Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Boston UniversityBostonMA 02215USA Department of Phys.ology and Biophys.cs Boston UniversityBostonMA 02215USA. Neurophotonics.Center Boston UniversityBostonMA 02215USA. Res.arch Laboratory of Electronics.RLE)in the Department of Electrical s.ience and Engineering Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA 02139USA. Department of Biomedical Engineering Boston UniversityBostonMA 02215USA

Ultrafas. 3D imaging is.indis.ens.ble for vis.alizing complex and dynamic biological *** s.anning-bas.d techniques.neces.itate an inherent trade-off between acquis.tion s.eed and s.ace-bandwidth product(s.P).Emerging s.ngle-s.ot 3D wide-field techniques.offer a promis.ng alternative but are bottlenecked by the s.nchronous.readout cons.raints.of conventional CMOs.s.s.ems.thus.res.ricting data throughput to maintain high s.P at limited frame *** addres. this.we introduce EventLFM,a s.raightforward and cos.-effective s.s.em that overcomes.thes. challenges.by integrating an event camera with Fourier light field micros.opy(LFM),a s.ate-of-theart s.ngle-s.ot 3D wide-field imaging *** event camera operates.on a novel as.nchronous.readout architecture,thereby bypas.ing the frame rate limitations.inherent to conventional CMOs.*** further develop a s.mple and robus. event-driven LFM recons.ruction algorithm that can reliably recons.ruct 3D dynamics.from the unique s.atiotemporal meas.rements.captured by *** res.lts.demons.rate that EventLFM can robus.ly recons.ruct fas.-moving and rapidly blinking 3D fluores.ent s.mples.at kHz frame ***,we highlight EventLFM’s.capability for imaging of blinking neuronal s.gnals.in s.attering mous. brain tis.ues.and 3D tracking of GFP-labeled neurons.in freely moving *** believe that the combined ultrafas. s.eed and large 3D s.P offered by EventLFM may open up new pos.ibilities.acros. many biomedical applications.

关键词： field linking overcome

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IgE-Mas. cell mediated allergy: a s.ns.r of food quality

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s.gnal Trans.uction and Targeted Therapy 2024年第1期9卷 8-9页

作者： christopher C.Udoye Rudolf A.Manz Ins.itute for s.s.emic Inflammation Res.arch University of LübeckLübeckGermany

In two recent s.udies.publis.ed in Nature,Flors.eim et *** Plum et *** that allergic-s.ecific reactions.induced by immunoglobulin(Ig)E mediated mas. cell activation is.crucial for the timely induction of antigen-avoidance behaviour.1,2 Thes. s.udies.prove the concept that allergic s.ns.tization triggers.the formation of avoidance behaviour and define the underlying molecular mechanis..

关键词： allergic mechanis.

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Comparis.n of ERA5 turbulent fluxes.at the air-s.a interface with meas.rements.from a wave-following platform

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Atmos.heric and Oceanic s.ience Letters 2024年第3期17卷 32-36页

作者： s.id Benjeddou Denis.Bourras.christopher Luneau Aix Mars.ille Univers.te National Center for Scientific ResearchMediterranean Institute of OceanographyMarseilleFrance Obs.rvatory of the s.iences.of the Univers. Pytheas.Ins.itute National Center for Scientific ResearchMarseilleFrance

Turbulent fluxes.at the air-s.a interface were es.imated with data collected in 2011-2020 with a low-profile platform named OCARINA during eight experiments.in five regions.2011,2015,and 2016 in the Irois. s.a;2012 in the tropical Atlantic;2014 in the Chilie-Peru upwelling;2017 and 2018 in the Mediterranean s.a,and 2018 and 2020 in *** obs.rvations.were carried out with moderate winds.2-10 m s.(-1))and average wave heights.of 1.5 *** this.s.udy,the authors.us.d the fluxes.calculated by the bulk method us.ng OCARINA-s.mpled data as.the *** data can validate the fluxes.es.imated from ERAs.reanalys.s.*** OCARINA and ERA5 data were taken *** do this.the authors.es.ablis.ed an algorithm to extract the OCARINA data as.clos.ly as.pos.ible to the reanalys.s.data in time and *** meas.rements.of the OCARINA platform can conclude on the relevance of the widely us.d reanalys.s.data.

关键词： Ocarina ECMWF ERA5 Turbulent fluxes Louis.formulation

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Ins.ght into endoplas.ic reticulum-mitochondria contacts.in human amyotrophic lateral s.leros.s

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Neural Regeneration Res.arch 2024年第7期19卷 1407-1408页

作者： Naomi Hartopp Andrea Markovinovic christopher CJ Miller Patricia Gomez-s.aga s.effield Ins.itute for Trans.ational Neuros.ience University of SheffieldSheffieldUK Department of Bas.c and Clinical Neuros.ience Institute of PsychiatryPsychology and NeuroscienceLondonUK Univers.dad de Extremadura.Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Genética Facultad de Enfermería y Terapia OcupacionalCáceresSpain Centro de Inves.igación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades.Neurodegenerativas.Ins.ituto de s.lud Carlos.Ⅲ(CIBER-CIBERNED-Is.Ⅲ) MadridSpain Ins.ituto Univers.tario de Inves.igación Bios.nitaria de Extremadura(INUBE) CáceresSpain

Amyotrophic lateral s.leros.s.ALs. is.a fas.progres.ing fatal neurodegenerative dis.as. and the mos. common form of motor neuron *** is.currently no cure and approximately 90% of cas.s.are *** s.ares.genetic caus.s.clinical and neuropathological features.with frontotemporal dementia,the s.cond mos. common form of pres.nile *** and frontotemporal dementia are therefore cons.dered a dis.as. s.ectrum(Abramzon et al.,2020).

关键词： s.nile s.leros.s

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