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Chinese journal of Cancer Research 2019年第6期31卷 849-852页

作者： Nan Zhao christopher j Lin Fei Wang Chi Lin Department of Radiation Oncology University of Nebraska Medical Center OmahaNE 68198USA University of Southern California Los Angeles CA 90007USA

The aim of this mini-review is to compare and contrast the pros and cons of short-course and long-course neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy regimens for stageⅡ&Ⅲrectal *** trials have demonstrated the equal efficacy and safety of short-course and long-course radiation therapy as a part of neoadjuvant *** data also shows that total neoadjuvant therapy could be more successful than neoadjuvant chemoradiation followed by adjuvant *** review points out future research directions for patients with locally advanced rectal adenocarcinoma such as comparing total neoadjuvant therapy that contains a short-course of radiation therapy to the standard of care,and evaluating how the sequence of short-course radiation therapy and chemotherapy in the total neoadjuvant therapy impacts the pathological complete response(pCR)rate,local control,and survival outcomes.

关键词： Short-course long-course radiation therapy rectal cancer

Expression of octopaminergic receptor genes in 4 nonneural tissues in female Nicrophorus vespilloides beetles

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Insect Science 2015年第4期22卷 495-502页

作者： christopher B. Cunningham Mary K. Douthit Allen j. Moore Department of Genetics University of Georgia Athens GA 30602 USA

Octopamine regulates the function of many tissues and physiological processes in invertebrates. The expression of octopamine receptor genes has been examined in multiple tissue types in several different insect orders. However, little work has addressed this issue in Coleoptera. Most studies characterize individual genes in different tissue types, but here we describe the expression of 6 octopamine receptor genes in thoracic musculature, oviducts, Malpighian tubules, and fat body of female Nicrophorus vespilloides beetles to characterize both different genes and different tissues within a single study. We then compare the gene expression profiles found in this beetle to other insects to examine the extent to which expression profiles are conserved across insects. We also examine the relative involvement of octopamine verses octopamine/tyramine receptors based on receptor gene expression in each tissue to help elucidate if tyramine plays a role in the regulation of these tissues. We find a high degree of overlap in the expression profile of the 6 genes examined in the thoracic muscula^tre, a moderate amount for the oviducts, and divergent profiles for Malpighian tubules and fat body. Based on expression difference in receptor subtypes, our results also support the suggestion that tyramine is a biogenic amine with physiological actions separate from octopamine.

关键词： biogenic amines Coleoptera G-protein coupled receptors quantitative real-time PCR

Rhythms of chloroplast magnesium import contribute to daily metabolic feedback

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Molecular Plant 2022年第11期15卷 1659-1661页

作者： Xiang Li christopher R.Buckley Michael j.Haydon School of BioSciences University of MelbourneParkvilleVIC 3010Australia

Organisms have evolved stable yet dynamic circadian systems to coordinate biological rhythms that contribute to *** oscillators generate rhythms via transcriptional and post-transcriptional control of key cellular processes such as metabolism and nutrient transport that fluctuate across the course of the *** addition,intracellular ions and metabolites can act as signaling molecules and protein cofactors that provide feedback to fine-tune biological timekeeping(Haydon et al.,2013).

关键词： magnesium metabolism coordinate

Current trends in urethral stricture management

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Asian journal of Urology 2014年第1期1卷 46-54页

作者： christopher j.Hillary Nadir I.Osman christopher R.Chapple Department of Urology Royal Hallamshire HospitalSheffieldUK

The recent International Consultation on Urological Disease(ICUD)panel 2010 confirmed that a urethral stricture is defined as a narrowing of the urethra consequent upon ischaemic spongiofibrosis,as distinct from sphincter stenoses and a urethral disruption *** possible,an anastomotic urethroplasty should be performed because of the higher success rate as compared to augmentation *** is some debate currently regarding the critical stricture length at which an anastomotic procedure can be used,but clearly the extent of the spongiofibrosis and individual anatomical factors(the length of the penis and urethra)are important,the limitation for this being extension of dissection beyond the peno-scrotal junction and the subsequent production of *** recently,there has been interest in whether to excise and anastomose or to carry out a stricturotomy and reanastomosis using a Heineke-Miculicz *** urethroplasty has evolved towards the more extensive use of oral mucosa grafts as compared to penile skin flaps,as both flaps and grafts have similar efficacy and certainly the use of either dorsal or ventral positioning seems to provide comparable *** is important that the reconstructive surgeon is well versed in the full range of available repair techniques,as no single method is suitable for all cases and will enable the management of any unexpected anatomical findings discovered intra-operatively.

关键词： Urethral stricture Stricture Lichen sclerosus Pelvic fracture Urethral injury Bladder outflow obstruction Urethroplasty Buccal mucosa graft

Granular titanite from the Roter Kamm crater in Namibia:Product of regional metamorphism,not meteorite impact

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Geoscience Frontiers 2022年第3期13卷 156-163页

作者： Aaron j.Cavosie christopher j.Spencer Noreen Evans Kai Rankenburg Robert j.Thomas Paul H.Macey Space Science and Technology Centre and The Institute for Geoscience Research School of Earth and Planetary ScienceCurtin UniversityPerthWA 6102Australia Dept.of Geological Sciences and Geological Engineering Queen’s UniversityOntarioCanada john de Laeter Centre Curtin UniversityPerthWA 6102Australia Council for Geoscience BellvilleWestern CapeSouth Africa

Accessory minerals with so-called granular texture have risen in importance as geochronological tools for U-Pb dating of meteorite impact events. Grain-scale recrystallization, typically triggered by a combination of high-strain deformation and post-impact heating, can create a polycrystalline microstructure consisting of neoblasts that expel radiogenic Pb, which are thus ideal for isotopic dating. While granular domains in zircon and monazite from shocked rocks have been demonstrated to preserve impact ages,few U-Pb dating studies have been conducted on granular microstructures in titanite(CaTiSiO;). Here we report the occurrence of granular-textured titanite from ~2020 Ma granite basement rock exposed in the rim of the 4–5 Ma Roter Kamm impact structure in Namibia. Orientation mapping reveals two microstructurally distinct titanite populations: one consisting of strained/deformed grains, and the other consisting of grains that comprise aggregates of strain-free neoblasts. In situ U-Pb geochronology on 37 grains shows that most grains from both titanite populations yield indistinguishable U-Pb dates of ca.1025 Ma, consistent with the observed microstructures forming during the Mesoproterozoic Namaqua Orogeny. Only four grains preserved older age domains, recording ca. 1875 Ma Paleoproterozoic metamorphism. Two significant observations emerge:(1) none of the analyzed titanite grains yield the 2020 Ma igneous crystallization age previously established from zircon in the same sample, and(2) no age-resetting was detected that could be attributed to the 4 to 5 Ma Roter Kamm impact *** the similarity of the neoblastic microstructure to minerals from other sites with an established impact provenance, the granular texture and near-complete Pb-loss in titanite from Roter Kamm granite instead records a Paleo-to Mesoproterozoic polymetamorphic history, rather than Miocene age shockrelated processes. These results highlight the critical importance of grain-scale cont

关键词： Namibia Roter Kamm Titanite EBSD Geochronology

Formal methods, statistical debugging and exploratory analysis in support of system development: Towards a verification and validation calculator tool

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International journal of Modeling, Simulation, and Scientific Computing 2016年第1期7卷 120-141页

作者： Saikou Y.Diallo Ross Gore christopher j.Lynch jose j.Padilla Virginia Modeling Analysis and Simulation Center Old Dominion University 1030 University Blvd.SuffolkVA 23435USA

In this paper,we propose an approach to formally verify and rigorously validate a simulation system against the specification of the real *** implement the approach in a verification and validation calculator tool that takes as input a set of statements that capture the requirements,internal conditions of the system and expected outputs of the real system and produces as output whether the simulation satisfies the requirements,faithfully represents the internal conditions of the system and produces the expected *** provide a use case to show how subject matter experts can apply the tool.

关键词： Verification and validation formal methods modeling and simulation

IgG and fibrinogen driven nanoparticle aggregation

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Nano Research 2015年第8期8卷 2733-2743页

作者： Risto Cukalevski Silvia A. Ferreira christopher j. Dunning Tord Berggard Tommy Cedervall Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology Centre for Molecular Protein Science Chemical Centre Lund University PO Box 124 SE-22100 Lund Sweden Centre for Biological Engineering University of Minho Campus Gualtar 4710-057 Braga Portugal Neuronal Survival Unit Department of Experimental Medical Science Wallenberg Neuroscience Center Lund University BMC B 11 22184 Lund Sweden Alligator Bioscience AB Lund Sweden

A thorough understanding of how proteins induce nanoparticle （NP） aggregation is crucial when designing in vitro and in vivo assays and interpreting experimental results. This knowledge is also crucial when developing nano-applications and formulation for drug delivery systems. In this study, we found that extraction of immunoglobulin G （IgG） from cow serum results in lower polystyrene NPs aggregation. Moreover, addition of isolated IgG or fibrinogen to fetal cow serum enhanced this aggregation, thus demonstrating that these factors are major drivers of NP aggregation in serum. Counter-intuitively, NP aggregation was inversely dependent on protein concentration; i.e., low protein concentrations induced large aggregates, whereas high protein concentrations induced small aggregates. Protein-induced NP aggregation and aggregate size were monitored by absorbance at 400 nm and dynamic light scattering, respectively. Here, we propose a mechanism behind the protein concentration dependent aggregation; this mechanism involves the effects of multiple protein interactions on the NP surface, surface area limitations, aggregation kinetics, and the influence of other serum proteins.

关键词： nanoparticles(NPs) protein coron aggregation immunoglobulin

Hypothesized summative anal physiology score correlates but poorly predicts incontinence severity

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World journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第31期23卷 5732-5738页

作者： christopher j Young Assad Zahid Cherry E Koh jane M Young Department of Colorectal Surgery University of Sydney RPAH Medical Centre Discipline of Surgery University of Sydney Surgical Outcome Research Centre(SOu RCe) Royal Prince Alfred HospitalUniversity of Sydney School of Public health University of Sydney

To explore the relationship between such a construct and an existing continence score. METHODSA retrospective study of incontinent patients who underwent anal physiology (AP) was performed. AP results and Cleveland Clinic Continence Scores (CCCS) were extracted. An anal physiology score (APS) was developed using maximum resting pressures (MRP), anal canal length (ACL), internal and external sphincter defects and pudendal terminal motor latency. Univariate associations between each variable, APS and CCCS were assessed. Multiple regression analyses were performed. RESULTSOf 508 (419 women) patients, 311 had both APS and CCCS measured. Average MRP was 51 mmHg (SD 23.2 mmHg) for men and 39 mmHg (19.2 mmHg) for women. Functional ACL was 1.7 cm for men and 0.7 cm for women. Univariate analyses demonstrated significant associations between CCCS and MRP (P = 0.0002), ACL (P = 0.0006) and pudendal neuropathy (P < 0.0001). The association between APS and CCCS was significant (P < 0.0001) but accounted for only 9.2% of the variability in CCCS. Multiple regression showed that the variables most useful in predicting CCCS were external sphincter defect, pudendal neuropathy and previous pelvic surgery, but only improving the scores predictive ability to 12.5%. CONCLUSIONThis study shows that the ability of AP tests to predict continence scores improves when considered collectively, but that a constructed summation model before and after multiple regression is poor at predicting the variability in continence scores.

关键词： Incontinence Anal physiology Anal canal Anal ultrasound Manometry Electromyography

Impact of exome sequencing in inflammatory bowel disease

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World journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第40期19卷 6721-6729页

作者： christopher j Cardinale judith R Kelsen Robert N Baldassano Hakon Hakonarson Center for Applied Genomics Children’s Hospital of PhiladelphiaAbramson Research Center Suite 1216PhiladelphiaPA 19104United States Division of Gastroenterology Hepatologyand NutritionDepartment of PediatricsChildren’s Hospital of PhiladelphiaPerelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA 19104United States

Approaches to understanding the genetic contribution to inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)have continuously evolved from family-and population-based epidemiology,to linkage analysis,and most recently,to genome-wide association studies(GWAS).The next stage in this evolution seems to be the sequencing of the exome,that is,the regions of the human genome which encode *** GWAS approach has been very fruitful in identifying at least 163 loci as being associated with IBD,and now,exome sequencing promises to take our genetic understanding to the next *** this review we will discuss the possible contributions that can be made by an exome sequencing approach both at the individual patient level to aid with disease diagnosis and future therapies,as well as in advancing knowledge of the pathogenesis of IBD.

关键词： Sequencing Exome Genetics Inflammatory bowel disease

Phalloplasty following penectomy for penile cancer

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Asian journal of Urology 2022年第4期9卷 460-466页

作者： Wai Gin Lee A.Nim christopher David j.Ralph University College London Hospital LondonUnited Kingdom St Peter’s Andrology LondonUnited Kingdom

Objective:Penile reconstruction or phalloplasty following penectomy can be offered where the functional penile length is inadequate for a man to void while standing or to have sexual *** is usually staged due to the complex surgical techniques *** narrative review describes the technical concepts and summarises the contemporary outcomes following phalloplasty in this challenging ***:A retrospective review of the English literature was performed between january 1946 till November *** data were synthesised and complemented by the expert opinion of the authors with 20 years of experience in this *** flaps are ideally designed with an integrated urethra or alternatively,a further free flap urethroplasty can be ***-plasty is further complicated following penectomy by scarring from the previous surgery and the potential loss of structures that would normally be present at the recipient ***:There are limited published data with a total of 19 men recorded in the *** the radial artery forearm free flap and anterolateral thigh flap have been described in this cohort of *** outcomes including standing micturition,sensation in the neo-phallus,and the ability to orgasm are *** quality of life and satisfaction was also good despite the high risk for long-term complications of the neophallus and donor ***:Phalloplasty following penectomy requires microsurgical transfer of a free flap or a pedicled flap to reconstruct a *** erectile device is inserted at a later stage to facilitate sexual intercourse,if *** scarring from penectomy and the potential loss of vasculature that would normally be present at the recipient site may further complicate *** and functional outcomes are acceptable based on the limited published experience to date.

关键词： Humans Male Myocutaneous flap or transplantation Penis or surgery Phalloplasty Reconstructive surgical procedures Retrospective study Surgical flap Thigh or surgery Treatment outcome Urethra or surgery