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Landscape of global urban environmental resistome and its association with local socioeconomic and medical status

Science China(Life Sciences) 2024年第6期67卷 1292-1301页

作者： Jun Wu Yige Hu Michael H Perlin David Danko Jun Lu Manuela Oliveira Johannes Werner Maria M Zambrano Maria A Sierra Olayinka O Osuolale Paweł Łabaj Nicolás Rascovan Nur Hazlin Hazrin-Chong Soojin Jang Haruo Suzuki Marina Nieto-Caballero Bharath Prithiviraj Patrick K H Lee Agnieszka Chmielarczyk Anna Różańska Yongxiang Zhao Lan Wang christopher e mason.tieliu shi Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology and the Institute of Biomedical SciencesSchool of Life SciencesEast China Normal UniversityShanghai 200241China Department of Biology Program on Disease EvolutionUniversity of LouisvilleLouisville 40292USA Weill Cornell Medicine New York 10065USA The Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine New York 10065USA Department of Pulmonary Medicine Shanghai Chest HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200025China i3S-Instituto de Investiga玢o e Inova玢o em Saúde Universidade do PortoPorto 4050-290Portugal Ipatimup-Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto Porto 4200-465Portugal Departamento de Biologia Faculdade de CiênciasUniversidade do PortoPorto 4050-290Portugal High Performance and Cloud Computing Group Zentrum für Datenverarbeitung(ZDV)Eberhard Karls University of TübingenW鋍hterstra遝7672074TübingenGermany Corporación Corpogen Research Center Bogotá110311Colombia Applied environmental Metagenomics and Infectious Diseases Research(AeMIDR) Department of Biological SciencesElizade UniversityIlara-Mokin 340271Nigeria Maopolska Centre of Biotechnology Jagiellonian UniversityKraków 30-005Poland Aix-Marseille Université Mediterranean Institute of OceanologyUniversitéde ToulonCNRSIRDUM 110Marseille 83041France Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology Faculty of Science and TechnologyUniversiti Kebangsaan Malaysia43600 UKM BangiSelangor Institut Pasteur Korea Seoul 13488Republic of Korea Faculty of environment and Information Studies Keio UniversityFujisawaKanagawa 252-0882Japan University of Colorado at Boulder CivilEnvironmental and Architectural DepartmentBoulder 80303USA Brooklyn College of the City University of New York Brooklyn 11210USA School of energy and environment City University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077China Department of Microbiology Faculty of MedicineJagiellonian UniversityKraków 30-005Poland Biological Targeting Diagnosis and The

Antimicrobial resistance(AMR)poses a critical threat to global health and development,with environmental factors—particularly in urban areas—contributing significantly to the spread of antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs).However,most research to date has been conducted at a local level,leaving significant gaps in our understanding of the global status of antibiotic resistance in urban *** address this issue,we thoroughly analyzed a total of 86,213 ARGs detected within 4,728 metagenome samples,which were collected by the Meta SUB International Consortium involving diverse urban environments in 60 cities of 27 countries,utilizing a deep-learning based *** findings demonstrated the strong geographical specificity of urban environmental resistome,and their correlation with various local socioeconomic and medical *** also identified distinctive evolutionary patterns of ARG-related biosynthetic gene clusters(BGCs)across different countries,and discovered that the urban environment represents a rich source of novel *** study provides a comprehensive overview of the global urban environmental resistome,and fills a significant gap in our knowledge of large-scale urban antibiotic resistome analysis.

关键词： urban environment metagenome antibiotic resistance resistance diversity biosynthetic gene clusters

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Genome and clonal hematopoiesis stability contrasts with immune,cfDNA,mitochondrial,and telomere length changes during short duration spaceflight

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Precision Clinical Medicine 2024年第1期7卷 1-13页

作者： J.Sebastian Garcia-Medina Karolina Sienkiewicz S.Anand Narayanan eliah G.Overbey Kirill Grigorev Krista A.Ryon Marissa Burke Jacqueline Proszynski Braden Tierney Caleb M.Schmidt Nuria Mencia-Trinchant Remi Klotz Veronica Ortiz Jonathan Foox christopher Chin Deena Najjar Irina Matei Irenaeus Chan Carlos Cruchaga Ashley Kleinman JangKeun Kim Alexander Lucaci Conor Loy Omary Mzava Iwijn De Vlaminck Anvita Singaraju Lynn e.Taylor Julian C.Schmidt Michael A.Schmidt Kelly Blease Juan Moreno Andrew Boddicker Junhua Zhao Bryan Lajoie Andrew Altomare Semyon Kruglyak Shawn Levy Min Yu Duane C.Hassane Susan M.Bailey Kelly Bolton Jaime Mateus christopher e.mason Department of Physiology and Biophysics Weill Cornell MedicineCornell UniversityNew YorkNY 10021USA The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine Weill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNY 10021USA Department of Immunology Weill Cornell MedicineCornell UniversityNew YorkNY 10021USA Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Keck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90033USA Space exploration Technologies Corporation HawthomeCA 90250USA Sovaris Aerospace BoulderCO 80302USA Advanced Pattern Analysis&Human Performance Group BoulderCO 80302USA Children's Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories Departments of Pediatrics and Cell and Developmental BiologyDrukier Institute for Children's HealthMeyer Cancer CenterWeill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNY 10021USA Meyer Cancer Center Weill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNY 10065USA Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology Florida State UniversityTallahasseeFL 32306USA Department of Systems engineering Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsCO 80523USA element Biosciences San DiegoCA 10055USA Department of environmental and Radiological Health Sciences Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsCO 80523USA Cell and Molecular Biology Program Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsCO 80523USA BioAstra Inc New YorkNYUSA Washington University St Louis Oncology Division St.LouisMO 63100USA Meinig School of Biomedical engineering Cornell UniversityIthacaNY 14853USA The Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute Weill Cornell MedicineNY 10021USA WorldQuant Initiative for Quantitative Prediction Weill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNY 10021USA

Background The Inspiration4(I4)mission,the first all-civilian orbital flight mission,investigated the physiological effects of short-duration spaceflight through a multi-omic *** advances,there remains much to learn about human adaptation to spaceflight's unique challenges,including microgravity,immune system perturbations,and radiation *** To provide a detailed genetics analysis of the mission,we collected dried blood spots pre-,during,and post-flight for DNA *** length was measured by quantitative PCR,while whole genome and cfDNA sequencing provided insight into genomic stability and immune adaptations.A robust bioinformatic pipeline was used for data analysis,including variant calling to assess mutational *** Telomere elongation occurred during spaceflight and shortened after return to ***-free DNA analysis revealed increased immune cell signatures *** significant clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential(CHIP)or whole-genome instability was *** long-term gene expression changes across immune cells suggested cellular adaptations to the space environment persisting months *** Our findings provide valuable insights into the physiological consequences of short-duration spaceflight,with telomere dynamics and immune cell gene expression adapting to spaceflight and persisting after return to *** sequencing data will serve as a reference point for studying the early development of CHIP in astronauts,an understudied phenomenon as previous studies have focused on career *** study will serve as a reference point for future commercial and non-commercial spaceflight,low earth orbit(LeO)missions,and deep-space exploration.

关键词： genomes clonal hematopoiesis stability immune mitochondria ribosomes spaceflight

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Urban heat mitigation by green and blue infrastructure:Drivers,effectiveness,and future needs

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The Innovation 2024年第2期5卷 145-166页

作者： Prashant Kumar Sisay e.Debele Soheila Khalili Christos H.Halios Jeetendra Sahani Nasrin Aghamohammadi Maria de Fatima Andrade Maria Athanassiadou Kamaldeep Bhui Nerea Calvillo shi-Jie Cao Frederic Coulon Jill L.edmondson David Fletcher edmilson Dias de Freitas Hai Guo Matthew C.Hort Madhusudan Katti Thomas Rodding Kjeldsen Steffen Lehmann Giuliano Maselli Locosselli Shelagh K.Malham Lidia Morawska Rajan Parajuli christopher D.F.Rogers Runming Yao Fang Wang Jannis Wenk Laurence Jones Global Centre for Clean Air Research(GCARe) School of SustainabilityCivil and Environmental EngineeringFaculty of Engineering and Physical SciencesUniversity of SurreyGuildford GU27XHUK Institute for Sustainability University of SurreyGuildford GU27XHSurreyUK School of Built environment University of ReadingWhiteknightsReading RG66BUUK School Design and the Built environment Curtin University Sustainability Policy InstituteKent StBentley 6102Western Australia Harry Butler Institute Murdoch UniversityMurdoch 6150Western Australia Atmospheric Sciences Department Institute of AstronomyGeophysics and Atmospheric SciencesUniversity of Sao PauloSao Paulo 05508-090Brazil Met Office FitzRoy RoadExeter EX13PBUK Department of Psychiatry and Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences Wadham CollegeUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK Centre for Interdisciplinary Methodologies University of WarwickWarwickUK School of Architecture Southeast University2 SipailouNanjing 210096China Cranfield University School of WaterEnvironment and EnergyCranfield MK430ALUK Plants PhotosynthesisSoil ClusterSchool of BiosciencesUniversity of SheffieldSheffield S102TNUK UK Centre for ecology&Hydrology Environment Centre WalesDeiniol RoadBangor LL572UWUK Air Quality Studies Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong KongChina Department of Forestry and environmental Resources Faculty Excellence Program for Leadership in Public ScienceNorth Carolina State UniversityChancellorRaleighNC 27695USA Departments of Architecture&Civil engineering and Chemical EngineeringUniversity of BathBath BA27AYUK School of Architecture University of NevadaLas VegasNV 89154USA Department of Tropical ecosystems Functioning Center of Nuclear Energy in AgricultureUniversity of São PauloPiracicaba 13416-000Sao PauloBrazil School of Ocean Sciences Bangor UniversityMenai BridgeAnglesey LL595 ABUK International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health Science and Engine

The combination of urbanization and global warming leads to urban overheating and compounds the frequency and intensity of extreme heat events due to climate ***,the risk of urban overheating can be mitigated by urban green-blue-grey infrastructure(GBGI),such as parks,wetlands,and engineered greening,which have the potential to effectively reduce summer air *** many reviews,the evidence bases on quantified GBGI cooling benefits remains partial and the practical recommendations for implementation are *** systematic literature review synthesizes the evidence base for heat mitigation and related co-benefits,identifies knowledge gaps,and proposes recommendations for their implementation to maximize their *** screening 27,486 papers,202 were reviewed,based on 51 GBGI types categorized under 10 main *** GBGI(green walls,parks,street trees)have been well researched for their urban cooling ***,several other GBGI have received negligible(zoological garden,golf course,estuary)or minimal(private garden,allotment)*** most efficient air cooling was observed in botanical gardens(5.0±3.5℃),wetlands(4.9±3.2℃),green walls(4.1±4.2℃),street trees(3.8±3.1℃),and vegetated balconies(3.8±2.7℃).Under changing climate conditions(2070–2100)with consideration of RCP8.5,there is a shift in climate subtypes,either within the same climate zone(e.g.,Dfa to Dfb and Cfb to Cfa)or across other climate zones(e.g.,Dfb[continental warm-summer humid]to BSk[dry,cold semi-arid]and Cwa[temperate]to Am[tropical]).These shifts may result in lower efficiency for the current GBGI in the *** the importance of multiple services,it is crucial to balance their functionality,cooling performance,and other related co-benefits when planning for the future *** global GBGI heat mitigation inventory can assist policymakers and urban planners in prioritizing effective interventions to reduce the risk of urban overheating,fi

关键词： estuary walls extreme

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QuaPra: efficient transcript assembly and quantification using quadratic programming with Apriori algorithm

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2019年第7期62卷 937-946页

作者： Xiangjun Ji Weida Tong Baitang Ning christopher e. mason David P. Kreil Pawel P. Labaj Geng Chen tieliu shi The Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory BiologyInstitute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life SciencesEast China Normal UniversityShanghai 200241China National Center for Toxicological Research U.S. Food and Drug Administration3900 NCTR RDJefferson AR 72079USA Department of Physiology and Biophysics Weill Cornell MedicineNew York 10065USA The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine New York 10021USA Feil Family Brain & Mind Research Institute New York 10065USA Chair of Bioinformatics Research Group Boku UniversityVienna A-1190Austria Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology Jagiellonian UniversityKrakow 30-387Poland APART Fellow Austrian Academy of ScienceVienna A-1190Austria National Center for International Research of Biological Targeting Diagnosis and Therapy Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Diagnosis and Therapy ResearchCollaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and TherapyGuangxi Medical UniversityNanning 530021China

RNA sequencing(RNA-seq) has greatly facilitated the exploring of transcriptome landscape for diverse ***,transcriptome reconstruction is still challenging due to various limitations of current tools and sequencing ***,we introduce an efficient tool,QuaPra(Quadratic Programming combined with Apriori),for accurate transcriptome assembly and *** could detect at least 26.5% more low abundance(0.1–1 FPKM) transcripts with over 2.7% increase of sensitivity and precision on simulated data compared to other currently popular ***,around one-quarter more known transcripts were correctly assembled by QuaPra than other assemblers on real sequencing *** is freely available at http://***/QuaPra/.

关键词： RNA-Seq transcriptome reconstruction transcript assembly transcript quantification

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Sequencing XMeT genes to promote genotype-guided risk assessment and precision medicine

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2019年第7期62卷 895-904页

作者： Yaqiong Jin Geng Chen Wenming Xiao Huixiao Hong Joshua Xu Yongli Guo Wenzhong Xiao tieliu shi Leming shi Weida Tong Baitang Ning Beijing Key Laboratory for Pediatric Diseases of Otolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryBeijing Pediatric Research InstituteBeijing Children's HospitalCapital Medical UniversityNational Center for Children's HealthBeijing 100045China Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology and the Institute of Biomedical SciencesShanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biologythe Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life SciencesEast China Normal UniversityShanghai 200241China National Center for Toxicological Research U.S. Food and Drug AdministrationJefferson AR 72079USA Department of Surgery Massachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBoston MA 02114USA State Key Laboratory of Genetic engineering School of Life Sciences and Cancer CenterCollaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and DevelopmentFudan UniversityShanghai 200433China

High-throughput next generation sequencing (NGS) is a shotgun approach applied in a parallel fashion by which the genome is fragmented and sequenced through small pieces and then analyzed either by aligning to a known reference genome or by de novo assembly without reference *** technology has led researchers to conduct an explosion of sequencing related projects in multidisciplinary fields of ***,due to the limitations of sequencing-based chemistry,length of sequencing reads and the complexity of genes,it is difficult to determine the sequences of some portions of the human genome,leaving gaps in genomic data that frustrate further ***,some complex genes are difficult to be accurately sequenced or mapped because they contain high GC-content and/or low complexity regions,and complicated pseudogenes,such as the genes encoding xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes and transporters (XMeTs).The genetic variants in XMeT genes are critical to predicate interindividual variability in drug efficacy,drug safety and susceptibility to environmental *** summarized and discussed challenges,wet-lab methods,and bioinformatics algorithms in sequencing "complex" XMeT genes,which may provide insightful information in the application of NGS technology for implementation in toxicogenomics and pharmacogenomics.

关键词： next generation sequencing precision medicine xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes and transporters toxicogenomics pharmacogenomics

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Mathematical modeling of fuel cells fed with an electrically rechargeable liquid fuel

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energy and AI 2023年第4期14卷 262-270页

作者： Xingyi shi Xiaoyu Huo Oladapo christopher esan Zhefei Pan Liu Yun Liang An T.S.Zhao Department of Mechanical engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung HomKowloonHong Kong SARChina Research Institute for Smart energy(RISe) The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung HomKowloonHong Kong SARChina Department of Mechanical and Aerospace engineering The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyClear Water BayKowloonHong Kong SARChina

Lately,utilizing a novel electrically rechargeable liquid fuel(e-fuel),a fuel cell has been designed and fabricated,which is demonstrated to achieve a much better performance than alcoholic liquid fuel cells ***,its current performance,which thus hampers its wide application,demands further improvement to meet up with industrial ***,to attain a better performance for this system,an in-depth understanding of the complex physical and chemical processes within this fuel cell is *** this end,in this work,a two-dimensional transient model has been developed to gain an extensive knowledge of a passive e-fuel cell and analyze the major factors limiting its *** effects of various structural parameters and operating conditions are studied to identify the underlying performance-limiting factors,where deficient mass transport is found to be one of the major *** increment of anode porosity and thickness are found to be effective methods of improving the cell *** study therefore provides insights on achieving further per-formance advancement of the fuel cell in the future.

关键词： e-fuel Mathematical modeling Liquid fuel cells Structural parameters Operation conditions

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Translating current biomedical therapies for long duration,deep space missions

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Precision Clinical Medicine 2019年第4期2卷 259-269页

作者： Sonia Iosim Matthew MacKay Craig Westover christopher e.mason Department of Physiology and Biophysics Weill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNY 10021USA The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine Weill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNY 10021USA The Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute Weill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNY 10021USA The WorldQuant Initiative for Quantitative Prediction Weill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNY 10021USA

It is been shown that spaceflight-induced molecular,cellular,and physiologic changes cause alterations across many modalities of the human body,including cardiovascular,musculoskeletal,hematological,immunological,ocular,and neurological *** Twin Study,a multi-year,multi-omic study of human response to spaceflight,provided detailed and comprehensive molecular and cellular maps of the human response to radiation,microgravity,isolation,and *** rich data identified epigenetic,gene expression,inflammatory,and metabolic responses to spaceflight,facilitating a better biomedical roadmap of features that should be monitored and safe-guarded in upcoming ***,by exploring new developments in pre-clinical models and clinical trials,we can begin to design potential cellular interventions for exploration-class missions to Mars and potentially *** paper will discuss the overall risks astronauts face during spaceflight,what is currently known about human response to these risks,what pharmaceutical interventions exist for use in space,and which tools of precision medicine and cellular engineering could be applied to aerospace and astronaut medicine.

关键词： NASA spaceflight International Space Station NASA Twin Study multi-scale omics

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Long-term spaceflight and the cardiovascular system

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Precision Clinical Medicine 2020年第4期3卷 284-291页

作者： Nicholas A.Vernice Cem Meydan ebrahim Afshinnekoo christopher e.mason The Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine Weill Cornell Medicine1305 York AvenueNew YorkNY 10021USA Department of Physiology and Biophysics Weill Cornell Medicine1300 York AvenueNew YorkNY 10021USA The WordQuant Initiative for Quantitative Prediction Weill Cornell Medicine1300 York AvenueNew YorkNY 10021USA The Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute Weill Cornell Medicine1300 York Avenue New YorkNY 10021USA

While early investigations into the physiological effects of spaceflight suggest the body’s ability to reversibly adapt,the corresponding effects of long-term spaceflight(>6months)aremuch less *** exposure to microgravity and radiation yields profound effects on the cardiovascular system,including a massive cephalad fluid translocation and altered arterial pressure,which attenuate blood pressure regulatory mechanisms and increase cardiac ***,central venous pressure decreases as a result of the loss of venous *** stimulation of baroreceptors by the cephalad shift results in an approximately 10%–15%reduction in plasma volume,with fluid translocating from the vascular lumen to the *** possible increases in cardiac workload,myocyte atrophy and notable,yet unexplained,alterations in hematocrit have been *** is postulated to result from shunting of protein synthesis from the endoplasmic reticulum to the mitochondria via mortalin-mediated *** data are scarce regarding their causative agents,arrhythmias have been frequently reported,albeit sublethal,during both Russian and American expeditions,with QT interval prolongation observed in long,but not short duration,*** of the heart to the proton and heavy ion radiation of deep space has also been shown to result in coronary artery degeneration,aortic stiffness,carotid intima thickening via collagen-mediated action,accelerated atherosclerosis,and induction of a pro-inflammatory *** return,long-term spaceflight frequently results in orthostatic intolerance and altered sympathetic responses,which can prove hazardous should any rapidmobilization or evacuation be required,and indicates that these cardiac risks should be especially monitored for future missions.

关键词： microgravity cardiovascular system spaceflight aerospace medicine

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Interplay of transcription factors and microRNAs during embryonic hematopoiesis

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2017年第2期60卷 168-177页

作者： Xueping Gong Ruihua Chao Pengxiang Wang Xiaoli Huang Jingjing Zhang Xiaozhou Zhu Yanyang Zhang Xue Yang Chao Hou Xiangjun Ji tieliu shi Yuan Wang Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences East China Normal University Shanghai 200241 China

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), which are localized in the bone marrow of adult mammals, come from hematopoietic endothelium during embryonic stages. Although the basic processes of HSC generation and differentiation have been described in the past, the epigenetic regulation of embryonic hematopoiesis remains to be fully described. Here, by utilizing an in vitro differentiation system of mouse embryonic stem cells (eSCs), we identified more than 20 microRNAs that were highly enriched in embryonic hematopoietic cells, including some (e.g. miR-10b, miR-15b, and miR-27a) with previously unknown functions in blood formation. Luciferase and gene expression assays further revealed combinational binding and regulation of these microRNAs by key transcription factors in blood cells. Finally, bioinformatics and functional analyses supported an interactive regulatory control between transcription factors and microRNAs in hematopoiesis.

关键词： microRNA 造血干细胞转录因子胚胎期相互作用小鼠胚胎干细胞遗传调控成年哺乳动物

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Improved gastrointestinal health for irritable bowel syndrome with metagenome-guided interventions

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Precision Clinical Medicine 2020年第2期3卷 136-146页

作者： Cem Meydan ebrahim Afshinnekoo Nate Rickard Guy Daniels Laura Kunces Theresa Hardy Loukia Lili Sarah Pesce Paul Jacobson christopher e.mason Joel Dudley Bodi Zhang Onegevity Health 152 W 57thNew YorkNY 10019USA Thorne Research 152 W 57thNew YorkNY 10019USA

Irritable bowel syndrome(IBS)is the most prevalent functional gastrointestinal disorder worldwide,and the most common reason for referral to gastroenterology ***,the pathophysiology is still not fully understood and consequently current management guidelines are very symptom-specific,leading to mixed *** we present a study of 88 individuals with IBS who had baseline sequencing of their gut microbiome(stool samples),received targeted interventions that included dietary,supplement,prebiotic/probiotic,and lifestyle recommendations for a 30-day period,and a follow-up sequencing of their gut *** study’s objectives were to demonstrate unique metagenomic signatures across the IBS phenotypes and to validate whether metagenomic-guided interventions could lead to improvement of symptom scores in individuals with *** subjects also completed a baseline and post-intervention questionnaire that assessed their symptom *** average symptom score of an individual with IBS at baseline was 160 and at the endpoint of the study the average symptom score of the cohort was *** mixed IBS subtype showed the most significant reduction in symptom scores across the different subtypes(average decrease by 102 points,P=0.005).The metagenomics analysis reveals shifts in the microbiome post-intervention that have been cross-validated with the literature as being associated with improvement of IBS *** the complex nature of IBS,further studies with larger sample sizes,more targeted analyses,and a broader population cohort are needed to explore these results further.

关键词： irritable bowel syndrome microbiome metagenomics

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