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评论：NIcE指南关于抗生素在自限性呼吸道感染的初级治疗中的使用

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英国医学杂志中文版 2009年第2期12卷 117-118页

作者： christopher c butler Nicholas Francis 张新(译) 代华平(校) National Institute for Health and clinical Excellence Manchester M1 4BD School of Medicine University of Southampton Southampton SO17 1BJ 首都医科大学附属北京朝阳医院

NIcE关于呼吸道感染中抗生素使用的最新指南中一条最重要的信息就是：综合了目前大量的证据证实：对大部分患者而言，抗生素的使用并没有带来很有意义的结果。对大部分临床医生而言，这已经不是什么新闻了。大部分人都认为需要对这些观... 详细信息

NIcE关于呼吸道感染中抗生素使用的最新指南中一条最重要的信息就是：综合了目前大量的证据证实：对大部分患者而言，抗生素的使用并没有带来很有意义的结果。对大部分临床医生而言，这已经不是什么新闻了。大部分人都认为需要对这些观点做出改变，而且也已经在对这些感染进行治疗时做出了改变。

关键词：呼吸道感染初级治疗 NIcE 抗生素新指南自限性评论临床医生

培训初级医疗临床工作者给予患者适应性改变多种生活行为的咨询：整体随机试验

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英国医学杂志中文版 2013年第3期16卷 171-172页

作者： christopher c butler Sharon A Simpson Kerenza Hood David cohen Tim Pickles clio Stpanou Jim Mccambridge Laurence Moore Elizabeth Pandell M Fasihul Alam Paul Kinnersley Adrian Edwards christine Smith Stephen Rollnick 潘志刚杨秉辉 cochrane Institute of Primary care and Public Health School of MedicineCardiff UniversityCardiff CF14 4YSUK South East Wales Trials Unit School of MedicineCardiff Uriversity health Economics and Policy Research Unit Faculty of Health Sport and ScienceUniversity of GlamoraganPontypridd CF37 1DLUK centre for Health Psychology Faculty of SciencesStaffordshire UniversityStoke on Trent ST4 2DEUK cardiff Institute of Society and Health School of Social SciencesCardiff University Faculty of Public Health and Policy London School of Hygiene and Tropical MedicineLondon WCIH 9HSUK School of Nursing and Midwifery Cardiff University 复旦大学附属中山医院全科医学科

目的以患者自我报告4项健康相关行为（吸烟、饮酒、锻炼及饮食）改善的比例为评估点，评估针对初级医疗临床工作者开展的“行为改变咨询”培训的效果。

关键词：临床工作者适应性改变随机试验生活行为咨询患者医疗培训

NONDEGENERAcY OF POSITIVE SOLUTIONS TO HOMOGENEOUS SEcOND-ORDER DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEMS AND ITS APPLIcATIONS

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Acta Mathematica Scientia 2009年第2期29卷 435-446页

作者：戴求亿 christopher c. Tisdell Department of Mathematics Hunan Normal University School of Mathematics the University of New South Wales

This article considers the Dirichlet problem of homogeneous and inhomogeneous second-order ordinary differential systems. A nondegeneracy result is proven for positive solutions of homogeneous systems. Sufficient and necessary conditions for the existence of multiple positive solutions for inhomogeneous systems are obtained by making use of the nondegeneracy and uniqueness results of homogeneous systems.

关键词： Second ordinary differential system Dirichlet problem positive solution nondegeneracy multiplicity result

circatidal rhythms of locomotion in the American horseshoe crab Limulus polyphemus: Underlying mechanisms and cues that influence them

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current Zoology 2010年第5期56卷 499-517页

作者： christopher c.cHABOT Winsor H.WATSON Ⅲ Department of Biological Sciences Plymouth State University Department of Biological Sciences University of New Hampshire

While eye sensitivity in the American horseshoe crab Limulus polyphemus has long been known to be under the control of an endogenous circadian clock, only recently has horseshoe crab locomotion been shown to be controlled by a separate clock system. In the laboratory, this system drives clear activity rhythms throughout much of the year, not just during the mating season when horseshoe crabs express clear tidal rhythms in the field. Water temperature is a key factor influencing the expression of these rhythms： at 17~c tidal rhythms are expressed by most animals, while at I l^c expression of circatidal rhythms is rarely seen, and at 4~c rhythms are suppressed. Neither long （16：8 Light：Dark） nor short （8：16） photoperiods modify this behavior at any of these temperatures. Synchronization of these circatidal rhythms can be most readily effeeted by water pressure cycles both in situ and in the lab, while temperature and current cycles play lesser, but possibly contributory, roles. Interestingly, Light：Dark cycles appear to have synchronizing as well as ＂masking＂ effects in some individuals. Evidence that each of two daily bouts of activity are independent suggests that the Limulus circatidal rhythm of locomotion is driven by two （circalunidian） clocks, each with a period of 24.8h. While the anatomical locations of either the circadian clock, that drives fluctuations in visual sensitivity, or the circatidal clock, that controls tidal rhythms of locomotion, are currently unknown, preliminary molecular analyses have shown that a 71 kD protein that reacts with antibodies directed against the Drosophila PERIOD （PER） protein is found in both the pro- tocerebrum and the subesophageal ganglion

关键词： circatidal circadian circalunidian Rhythms Behavior PER Tides Locomotion

High resolution tracking of adult horseshoe crabs Limulus polyphemus in a New Hampshire estuary using fixed array ultrasonic telemetry

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current Zoology 2010年第5期56卷 599-610页

作者： Winsor H.WATSON Ⅲ christopher c.cHABOT Department of Biological Sciences University of New Hampshire Department of Biology Plymouth State University

While several studies have documented the large-scale, seasonal movements of horseshoe crabs, little is known about their fine-scale, daily movement patterns. In this study we used a fixed array ultrasonic telemetry system to track the movements of 12 male and 16 female horseshoe crabs in the Great Bay estuary, New Hampshire. Data were obtained during the mating season, as well as during the remainder of the summer and fall, in the years 2005-2008. During the mating season animals were often, but not always, active during the high tides when they were approaching and leaving the spawning beaches. On average, both males and females approached mating beaches during 33% of the high tides they experienced and they most often made the tran- sition from being inactive to active during the last two hours of an incoming tide. From April-October horseshoe crabs were significantly more active during high tide periods vs low tide periods, with no clear preference for diurnal vs nocturnal activity. After the mating season ended horseshoe crabs continued to move into shallower water at high tide and then return to deeper water at low tide. Observations by ScUBA divers suggest that during these excursions into the mudflats horseshoe crabs were digging pits in the sediment while foraging for food. Thus, the tidal rhythm of activity that has been so well documented during the mating season probably persists into the fall, and primarily involves foraging activities

关键词： Telemetry Tracking Movements Mating Foraging Estuary

High-cycle Fatigue Life Extension of Glass Fiber/Polymer composites with carbon Nanotubes

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Journal of Wuhan University of Technology(Materials Science) 2009年第2期24卷 167-173页

作者： christopher S Grimmer c K H Dharan Berkeley composites Laboratory University of California 5135 Etcheverry Hall Berkeley CA94720-1740 USA

The present work shows that the addition of small volume fractions of multi-walled carbon nanotubes （cNTs） to the matrix results in a significant increase in the high-cycle fatigue life. It is proposed that carbon nanotubes tend to inhibit the formation of large cracks by nucleating nano-scale damage zones. In addition, the contribution to energy absorption from the fracture of nanotubes bridging across nano-scale cracks and from nanotube pull-out from the matrix are mechanisms that can improve the fatigue life. An energy-based model was proposed to estimate the additional strain energy absorbed in fatigue. The distributed nanotubes in the matrix appear to both distribute damage as well as inhibit damage propagation resulting in an overall improvement in the fatigue strength of glass fiber composites.

关键词： glass fiber composites carbon nanotubes fatigue strain energy

IgE-Mast cell mediated allergy: a sensor of food quality

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2024年第1期9卷 8-9页

作者： christopher c.Udoye Rudolf A.Manz Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research University of LübeckLübeckGermany

In two recent studies published in Nature,Florsheim et *** Plum et *** that allergic-specific reactions induced by immunoglobulin(Ig)E mediated mast cell activation is crucial for the timely induction of antigen-avoidance behaviour.1,2 These studies prove the concept that allergic sensitization triggers the formation of avoidance behaviour and define the underlying molecular mechanism.

关键词： allergic mechanism

Improved hemostasis with major hepatic resection in the current surgical era

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2019年第5期18卷 439-445页

作者： christopher W Mangieri Matthew A Strode Bradley c Bandera Department of Surgery Dwight D. Eisenhower Army Medical Center(DDEAMC)Fort GordonGA 30809USA Department of Surgical Oncology Roswell Park Cancer InstituteBuffaloNY 14203USA

Background: Major hepatic resection, predominantly performed for oncologic intent, is a complex procedure with the potential for severe intraoperative hemorrhage. The current surgical era has the ability to improve hemostasis throughout the performance of major hepatic resections which decreases blood transfusions and the detrimental effects associated with transfusion. We evaluated hemostasis and outcomes in the current surgical era of performing hepatic resections. Methods: Utilizing the American college of Surgeons (AcS) National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) database all major hepatic resections performed between 2012 and 2016 were analyzed in regards to hemostasis. Hemostasis was evaluated by the need for and magnitude of blood transfusions. Additional perioperative variables (including operative time, length of hospital stay, and mortality rates) were analyzed to assess for outcomes with hemostasis. The NSQIP results were compared to previous publications involving major hepatic resections to detect improvement in hemostasis and outcomes in the current surgical era. Results: A total of 22777 major hepatic resections met the inclusion criteria for analysis in the NSQIP database. An additional 21198 cases were compiled within the selected publications for comparative analysis. The transfusion rate in the current surgical era was 13.3% versus 38.7% in the previous era ( P = 0.0001). When a transfusion was required in the current surgical era there was a two-fold reduction in the number of units transfused (1.5 U vs. 3.8 U, P = 0.0001). Statistically significant improvements in operative time and length of hospital stay were presented within the current surgical era ( P = 0.0001). When a transfusion was required there was an increased relative risk score of 7 for mortality (4.9% vs. 0.7%, P = 0.0001), however, improvement in mortality rates did not reach statistical significance across surgical eras (1.3% vs. 4.0%, P = 0.0001). conclusions: The cond

关键词： Major hepatic resection Improved hemostasis Improved outcomes

Matrix interactions modulate neurotrophin-mediated neurite outgrowth and pathfinding

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Neural Regeneration Research 2015年第4期10卷 514-517页

作者： christopher M.Madl Sarah c.Heilshorn Department of Bioengineering Stanford University Department of Materials Science and Engineering Stanford University

Both matrix biochemistry and neurotrophic factors are known to modulate neurite outgrowth and pathifnding; however, the interplay between these two factors is less studied. While previous work has shown that the biochemical identity of the matrix can alter the outgrowth of neurites in response to neurotrophins, the importance of the concentration of cell-adhesive ligands is unknown. Using engineered elastin-like protein matrices, we recently demonstrated a synergistic effect between matrix-bound cell-adhesive ligand density and soluble nerve growth factor treat-ment on neurite outgrowth from dorsal root ganglia. This synergism was mediated by Schwann cell-neurite contact through L1cAM. cell-adhesive ligand density was also shown to alter the pathifnding behavior of dorsal root ganglion neurites in response to a gradient of nerve growth factor. While more cell-adhesive matrices promoted neurite outgrowth, less cell-adhesive ma-trices promoted more faithful neurite pathifnding. These studies emphasize the importance of considering both matrix biochemistry and neurotrophic factors when designing biomaterials for peripheral nerve regeneration.

关键词： neurotrophic factors cell-adhesive ligands dorsal root ganglia L1cAM nerve growth factor biomaterials elastin-like proteins