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Protein & Cell 2010年第6期1卷 563-572页

作者： Anne Jäkel howard Clark Kenneth b.M.Reid Robert b.Sim Department of Pharmacology University of OxfordMansfield RoadOxford OX13QTUK University of Southampton School of MedicineDivision of Infection Inflammation&ImmunitySouthampton General HospitalSouthampton SO166YDUK MRC Immunochemistry Unit Department of BiochemistryUniversity of OxfordSouth Parks RoadOxford OX13QUUK

Surfactant proteins A(SP-A)and D(SP-D),both members of the collectin family,play a well established role in apoptotic cell recognition and *** in vitro data show that SP-A and SP-D interact with apoptotic neutrophils in a distinct ***-A and SP-D bind in a Ca^(2+)-dependent manner to viable and early apoptotic neutrophils whereas the much greater interaction with late apoptotic neutrophils is Ca^(2+)-*** surface molecules on the apoptotic target cells responsible for these interactions had not been identified and this study was done to find candidate target ***(MPO),a specific intracellular defense molecule of neutrophils that becomes exposed on the outside of the cell upon apoptosis,was identified by affinity purification,mass-spectrometry and western blotting as a novel binding molecule for SP-A and *** confirm its role in recognition,it was shown that purified immobilised MPO binds SP-A and SP-D,and that MPO is surface-exposed on late apoptotic ***-A and SP-D inhibit binding of an anti-MPO monoclonal Ab to late apoptotic *** microscopy confirmed that anti-MPO mAb and SP-A/SP-D colocalise on late apoptotic *** was identified as a further potential ligand for SP-A,and neutrophil defensin as a target for both proteins.

关键词： SP-A SP-D myeloperoxidase neutrophils flow cytometry mass spectrometry

SARS-CoV-2:the many pros of targeting PLpro

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2020年第1期5卷 633-634页

作者： christopher b.McClain Nicolas Vabret Department of Medicine Hematology and Medical OncologyIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNYUSA Precision Immunology Institute Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNYUSA

A new study1 published in Nature compares the mechanisms used by SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 papain-like protease(PLpro)to promote innate immune *** findings identify SARS-CoV-2 PLpro as an attractive drug target for tr... 详细信息

关键词： attractive finding Nature

Tyrosine aminotransferase: biochemical and structural properties and molecular dynamics simulations

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Protein & Cell 2010年第11期1卷 1023-1032页

作者： Prajwalini Mehere Qian Han Justin A.Lemkul christopher J.Vavricka howard Robinson David R.bevan Jianyong Li Department of biochemistry Virginia TechBlacksburgVA 24061USA CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology Institute of MicrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China biology Department Brookhaven National LaboratoryUptonNY 11973USA

Tyrosine aminotransferase(TAT)catalyzes the transamination of tyrosine and other aromatic amino *** enzyme is thought to play a role in tyrosinemia type II,hepatitis and hepatic carcinoma *** objective of this study is to investigate its biochemical and structural characteristics and substrate specificity in order to provide insight regarding its involvement in these *** TAT(mTAT)was cloned from a mouse cDNA library,and its recombinant protein was produced using Escherichia coli cells and purified using various chromatographic *** recombinant mTAT is able to catalyze the transamination of tyrosine usingα-ketoglutaric acid as an amino group acceptor at neutral *** enzyme also can use glutamate and phenylalanine as amino group donors and p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate,phenylpyruvate and alpha-ketocaproic acid as amino group *** macromolecular crystallography we have determined the mTAT crystal structure at 2.9Å*** crystal structure revealed the interaction between the pyridoxal-5′-phosphate cofactor and the enzyme,as well as the formation of a disulphide *** detection of disulphide bond provides some rational explanation regarding previously observed TAT inactivation under oxidative conditions and reactivation of the inactive TAT in the presence of a reducing *** dynamics simulations using the crystal structures of Trypanosoma cruzi TAT and human TAT provided further insight regarding the substrate-enzyme interactions and substrate *** biochemical and structural properties of TAT and the binding of its cofactor and the substrate may help in elucidation of the mechanism of TAT inhibition and activation.

关键词： tyrosine aminotransferase crystal structure substrate specificity tyrosine tyrosinemia

In the forest vine Smilax rotundifolia,fungal epiphytes show site-wide spatial correlation,while endophytes show evidence of niche partitioning

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Fungal Diversity 2015年第6期75卷 279-297页

作者： christopher b.Zambell James F.White Graduate Program in Ecology&Evolution Rutgers UniversityNew BrunswickNJ 08901USA Department of Plant biology&Pathology 59 Dudley RoadNew BrunswickNJ 08901USA

Endophytic and epiphytic fungal assemblages from stems of ***,a shrubby vine,were studied in order to(1)quantify differences and the degree of overlap between fungal communities of both micro-habitats,and(2)examine whether fungal assemblages are spatially correlated at the local scale(tens to hundreds of meters),in order to understand if dispersal limitation may play a role in structuring these *** was conducted over 160 m of growth along a forest *** communities showed low overlap(bray-Curtis Similarity=0.22),with most species that were common in one habitat appearing rarely if at all in the other,and only Aureobasidium pullulans showing high frequency in *** assemblages proved to be spatially correlated along the 160 m length of the transect,and even more so when adjacent pairs of stems were considered as the unit of comparison rather than individual *** assemblages showed no significant spatial correlation along the ***,three species of endophytes showed a pattern in which abundance of colonies peaked at different heights on the *** boninense showed peak abundance at 3 cm from the stem *** sp.1 peaked at 33 cm from the stem *** isolates of *** peaked at 63 cm from the stem *** was also found that positive correlative relationships were detected between endophyte-endophyte,and epiphyte-epiphyte ***-group interactions seemed to center around crossover species that were not entirely constrained within the surface or interior.

关键词： Colletotrichum Phomopsis Phyllosticta Local dispersal Tissue preference

Release of unwanted flat-bodied fish from a horizontal-bar grid system as revealed through comparative fishing trials and underwater video observations

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Aquaculture and Fisheries 2021年第4期6卷 348-358页

作者： christopher b.Rillahan Pingguo He School for Marine Science and Technology University of Massachusetts Dartmouth836 South Rodney French BoulevardNew BedfordMA02744USA

Grid systems separate fish species primarily through physical means:fish size and body *** Georges bank off the northeast USA,many species of flounders are overfished,and their catch needs to be ***-bodied skates are also often *** tested a European style horizontal-bar grid system to reduce these flat-bodied low quota species in a trawl targeting the haddock(Melanogrammus aeglefinus),whose population is *** grid system consisted of 4 grid sections,two on each side,with horizontal bars 70 mm *** alternating tow method was used to compare the catch characteristics between a trawl with a grid section and the same trawl without a grid section.A video camera was used to observe fish escape in the grid *** results indicate that the grid system reduced the flounder catch rate(mainly winter flounder,Pseudopleuronectes americanus)by 51.3%,and skates(mainly winter skate,Leucoraja ocellata and little skate,Leucoraja erinacea)by 29.4%,while there were no differences in the catch of Atlantic cod(Gadus morhua).While haddock was reduced by 37%by weight,the reduction was primarily small undersized *** was no reduction in large haddock greater than 50 *** observations indicates that flounders and cod mainly escaped from the bottom half of the grid while haddock were from the top *** finding suggest that this system reduced low quota flounders,as well as discarded skates and small haddock,while retaining Atlantic cod and large size *** observations indicate that differential spacing(narrower on the top and wider on the bottom)may improve the system performance by releasing more flat-bodied fish,that were observed to escape from the bottom part of the grid,while retaining more haddock,which typically escape from the top part of the grid.

关键词： Trawl bycatch Selectivity Flounder Skate Haddock Atlantic cod

Re-Thinking biology—I. Maxwell’s Demon and the Spontaneous Origin of Life

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Advances in biological Chemistry 2017年第5期7卷 170-181页

作者： christopher busby Charles Vyvyan howard Environmental Research SIA 1117 Latvian Academy of Sciences Riga Latvia Centre for Molecular biosciences University of Ulster Coleraine UK

A hypothesis is advanced in which life began from a Darwinian selection among a diversification of molecular species containing the phosphate moiety which broke the constraints implicit in the Second Law of Thermodynamics, discussed famously by Schrodinger, by obtaining energy from specific infrared frequencies located in the phosphorus-oxygen vibration at a frequency around 1000 cm-1. We propose the source of this energy was from the internal conversion of solar broadband energy by the phosphate mineral Apatite, present at the bottom of a primitive biogenesis pond. In this scenario, life is re-defined as being hotter than its environment and as using its excess energy, supplied by infra-red conversion, to react with its molecular environment and pump itself up the “entropy slope” thereby;replication is through breakages of increasingly large phosphate containing biopolymers. The idea has implications for modern explanations of living systems.

关键词： Abiogenesis Evolution Infra-Red Radiation Thermodynamics 2nd Law Maxwell’s Demon Phosphate

Polymer-capped gold nanoparticles and ZnO nanorods form binary photocatalyst on cotton fabrics: Catalytic breakdown of dye

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Frontiers of Materials Science 2021年第3期15卷 431-447页

作者： bharat bARUAH christopher KELLEY Grace b.DJOKOTO Kelly M.HARTNETT Department of Chemistry and biochemistry Kennesaw State UniversityKennesawGA 30144-5591USA Division of Natural Sciences Oglethorpe UniversityAtlantaGA 30319USA

This work reports the immobilization of zinc oxide(ZnO)nanostructures and gold nanoparticles(AuNPs)on cotton fabrics(CFs).The ZnO and AuNPs containing CF composite materials demonstrated excellent photocatalytic activity towards degradation of the model organic dye molecule.A two-step method was used to first create zinc oxide nanorods(ZnONRs)on the CF ***,these ZnONRs were decorated with cationic polymer-capped AuNPs to yield the composite materials.A one-pot synthetic route was developed to synthesize polymer-capped *** water-soluble cationic polymers used here are polyguanidino oxanorbornenes(PGONs)at 20 kDa and polyamino oxanorbornenes(PAONs)at 20 ***-vis was utilized to monitor the composite materials’photocatalytic activity in degrading model organic dye *** the materials were characterized by FTIR,UV-visible DRS,SEM,EDX,and *** composite materials exhibited excellent photocatalytic activity and recyclability in the presence of UV light.

关键词： cationic polymer polymer-capped nanoparticles ZnO nanorods fabric photocatalysis

Hypoestoxide inhibits tumor growth in the mouse CT26 colon tumor model

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第34期13卷 4586-4588页

作者： Emmanuel A Ojo-Amaize howard b Cottam Olusola A Oyemade Joseph I Okogun Emeka J Nchekwube Immune Modulation Inc. 2273B South Cactus Avenue Bloomington California 92316 United States

AIM: To evaluate the effect of the natural diterpenoid, hypoestoxide (HE) on the growth of established colon cancer in mice. METHODS: The *** mouse colon carcinoma cell line was grown and expanded in vitro. Following the expansion, bALb/c mice were inoculated s.c. with viable tumor cells. After the tumors had established and developed to about 80-90 mm3, the mice were started on chemotherapy by oral administration of HE, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) or combination. RESULTS: The antiangiogenic HE has previously been shown to inhibit the growth of melanoma in the b16F1 tumor model in C57bL/6 mice. Our results demonstrate that mean volume of tumors in mice treated with oral HE as a single agent or in combination with 5-FU, were significantly smaller (> 60%) than those in vehicle control mice (471.2 mm3 vs 1542.8 mm3, P burden resulted in pronounced mean survival times (MST) and increased life spans (ILS) in the treated mice. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that HE is an effective chemotherapeutic agent for colorectal cancer in mice and that HE may be used alone or in combination with 5-FU.

关键词： Hypoestoxide 5-Fluorouracil Colon, Cancer Mice

Technical comments on rodent spinal cord injuries models

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Neural Regeneration Research 2014年第5期9卷 453-455页

作者： Zoe Zhang Yi Ping Zhang Lisa b.E.Shields christopher b.Shields Department of Neurosurgery University of Minnesota Norton Neuroscience Institute Norton Healthcare

Spinal cord injuries （SCI） in rodents have been created by laceration, contusion, compression, or intramedullary injection of toxic agents. The choice of an appropriate SCI model should be made for each study based on the experimental design, with care taken to avoid unintended complications such as hemorrhage. Technical comments will be made in this communication describing the 1） importance of vertebral stabi- lization, 2） injury preparation, and 3） landmarks to improve the preci- sion and reproducibility of the SCI.

关键词： SCI Technical comments on rodent spinal cord injuries models LISA Zhang

Using Periodic Dynamic Polymers to Form Supramolecular Nanostructures

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Accounts of Materials Research 2022年第9期3卷 948-959页

作者： christopher b.Cooper Zhenan bao Department of Chemical Engineering Stanford UniversityStanfordCalifornia 94305United States

CONSPECTUS:Many emerging applications including wearable electronics and e-skins,soft robotics and actuators,and biomaterials require material platforms with precisely controlled mechanical,electrical,thermal,and optical *** practical realization of devices for these applications is often restricted not by the lack of novel designs but rather by the sparsity of materials with the required *** polymers,which employ both covalent and noncovalent linkages,offer a promising platform for the design of new materials because of their highly tunable chemical structures.

关键词： properties Dynamic realization