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A functional type I interferon pathway drives resistance to cornea herpes simplex virus type 1 infection by recruitment of leukocytes

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The Journal of Biomedical Research 2011年第2期25卷 111-119页

作者： christopher D. Conrady Heather jones Min Zheng Daniel J.J. Carr Departments of Microbiology Immunology The University of Oklahoma Health Science Center Oklahoma City OK 73104 USA Departments of Ophthalmology The University of Oklahoma Health Science Center Oklahoma City OK 73104 USA

Type I interferons are critical antiviral cytokines produced following herpes simplex virus type-1 （HSV-1） infection that act to inhibit viral spread. In the present study, we identify HSV-infected and adjacent uninfected corneal epithelial cells as the source of interferon-a. We also report mice deficient in the A1 chain of the type I IFN receptor （CDl18-/） are extremely sensitive to ocular infection with low doses （100 PFU） of HSV-1 as seen by significantly elevated viral titers in the cornea Compared to wild type （WT） controls. The enhanced susceptibil- ity correlated with a loss of CD4＋ and CD8＋ T cell recruitment and aberrant chemokine production in the cornea despite mounting an adaptive immune response in the draining mandibular lymph node of CDll8/ mice. Taken together, these results highlight the importance of IFN production in both the innate immune response as well as eliciting chemokine production required to facilitate adaptive immune cell trafficking.

关键词： herpes simplex virus type 1 type I interferon comea viral infection leukocytes ocular immunology

From minimal to maximal surgery in the treatment of hepatocarcinoma:A review

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World Journal of Hepatology 2015年第1期7卷 93-100页

作者： Marcos Vinicius Perini Graham Starkey Michael A Fink Ramesh Bhandari Vijayaragavan Muralidharan Robert jones christopher Christophi Department of Surgery University of MelbourneHeidelbergVIC 3084Australia

Hepatocellular carcinoma represents one of the most challenging frontiers in liver surgery. Surgeons have to face a broad spectrum of aspects,from the underlying liver disease to the new surgical techniques. Safe liver resection can be performed in patients with portal hypertension and well-compensated liver function witha 5-year survival rate of 50%,offering good longterms results in selected patients. With the advances in laparoscopic surgery,major liver resections can be performed with minimal harm,avoiding the wound and leak complications related to the laparotomies. Studies have shown that oncological margins are the same as in open surgery. In patients submitted to liver resection(either laparoscopic or open) who experience recurrence,re-resection or salvage liver transplantation has been showing to be an alternative approach in well selected cases. The decision making approach to the cirrhotic patient is becoming more complex and should involve hepatologists,liver surgeons,radiologists and oncologists. Better understanding of the different risk factors for recurrence and survival should be aimed in these multidisciplinary discussions. We here in discuss the hot topics related to surgical risk factors regarding the surgical treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma: anatomical resection,margin status,macrovascular tumor invasion,the place of laparoscopy,salvage liver transplantation and liver transplantation.

关键词： Hepatectomy Liver resection Cirrhosis Liver transplantation Hepatocellular carcinoma Survival

剑桥国际英语语法、词汇、短语、表达全突破基础篇

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Syncytiotrophoblast Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Relation to Preeclampsia

2013年

作者： Adrian Doff christopher jones

本书有80个单元, 涵盖了基础英语学习阶段的基本语法点、核心词汇、短语及表达, 即使词汇量和语法知识有限的初学者也可以快速突破。书中主要包括: 80个语法点, 2000多个核心词汇和表达, 80多个基本概念, 常用词的反义词或近义词辨析, ... 详细信息

ISBN: (数字)9787561934623

ISBN: (纸本)9787887744265;9787561934623

本书有80个单元, 涵盖了基础英语学习阶段的基本语法点、核心词汇、短语及表达, 即使词汇量和语法知识有限的初学者也可以快速突破。书中主要包括: 80个语法点, 2000多个核心词汇和表达, 80多个基本概念, 常用词的反义词或近义词辨析, 介词的用法, 代词的用法, 1000多个有用的句型。

关键词：英语

来源：畅想之星图书光盘版（南... 评论

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Maternal-Fetal Medicine 2021年第2期3卷 151-160页

作者： William R.Cooke Gabriel D.jones christopher W.G.Redman Manu Vatish Nuffield Department of Women’s and Reproductive Health University of OxfordOxfordOX39DUUK

The syncytiotrophoblast,a fused single-cell layer between mother and fetus,constitutively releases extracellular vesicles(STBEV)directly into the maternal *** contain a variety of proteins and RNA which can be targeted to specific *** preeclampsia,asymptomatic placental oxidative stress is a precursor to later multi-organ dysfunction in the *** STBEV release in preeclampsia is considered a manifestation of syncytiotrophoblast stress,which may play a key role in signaling between fetus and *** release in preeclampsia changes,both in terms of volume and *** this review,we outline the latest advances in STBEV isolation and *** consider evidence for differential STBEV release,protein cargo and RNA content in preeclampsia,highlighting common pitfalls in study *** summarise studies to date demonstrating STBEV actions on target ***,we consider how STBEV fit into the pathophysiology of the heterogeneous syndrome of *** key unifying concept in early-and late-onset preeclampsia is syncytiotrophoblast *** submit that STBEV are the key stress signal in *** believe that further investigation of STBEV release,content,and actions may offer valuable insights into preeclampsia pathophysiology and potential new clinical diagnostics and therapeutic targets.

关键词： Biomarkers Diagnostics Extracellular vesicles Placenta Preeclampsia Signalling Stress Syncytiotrophoblast

A causation mechanism for coal bursts during roadway development based on the major horizontal stress in coal:Very specific structural geology causing a localised loss of effective coal confinement and Newton’s second law

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2020年第1期30卷 39-47页

作者： Russell Frith Guy Reed Aaron jones Mine Advice Pty Ltd BeresfieldNew South Wales 2322Australia

In 2017,one of the international authorities on coal bursts,Mark christopher,published a paper entitled"Coal bursts that occur during development:A rock mechanics enigma",in which several relevant technical issues were *** paper outlines what is considered to be a credible,first-principles,mechanistic explanation for these three current development coal burst conundrums by reference to early published coal testing work examining the significance of a lack of"constraint"to coal stability and an understanding of how very specific structural geology and other geological features can logically cause this to occur in situ,albeit on a statistically very rare *** basic model is examined by reference to published information pertaining to the development coal-burst that occurred at the Austar Coal Mine in New South Wales,Australia,in 2014 and from the Sunnyside District in Utah,the United ***"cause and effect"model for development of coal bursts presented also offers a meaningful explanation for the statistical improbability for what are nonetheless potentially highly-destructive events,being able to explain the statistical rarity being just as important to the credibility of the model as explaining the local conditions associated with burst *** model could also form the basis for a robust,riskbased approach utilising a"hierarchy of controls",to the operational management of the development coal burst ***,the use of pre-mining predictions for likely burst-prone and non-burstprone areas,the use of the mine layout to avoid or at least minimise mining within burst-prone areas if appropriate,and finally the development of an operational Trigger Action Response Plan(TARP)that reduces the likelihood of inadvertent roadway development into a burst-prone area without suitable safety controls already being in place.

关键词： Development coal burst Wing-cracks Austar Mine Sunnyside Mine Major horizontal stress in coal

Early microrecanalization of vas deferens following biodegradable graft implantation in bilaterally vasectomized rats

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2009年第3期11卷 373-378页

作者： christopher M. Simons Barry R. De Young Thomas S. Griffith Timothy L. Ratliff Erin jones Surya K. Mallapragada Moshe Wald Department of Urology University of Iowa Iowa City IA 52242-1089 USA Department of Pathology University of Iowa Iowa City IA 52242-1089 USA Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Iowa State University Ames IA USA

We evaluated a biodegradable graft for reconstruction of rat vasa deferentia with long obstructed or missing segments. A total of 47 Sprague-Dawley rats underwent bilateral vasectomy and were divided into groups according to length of the vas deferens affected （0.5, 1, 1.5 cm）. After 8 weeks, poly-（D,L-lactide）（PDLA） grafts were used to reconnect the vas deferens, Grafts and adjoining vasa deferentia were excised 8 and 12 weeks later and evaluated microscopically. At 8 weeks, microscopic changes included a robust inflammatory response around the grafts. All grafts were still intact but in the early stages of degradation. No microtubules, indicative of vas deferens recanalization, were identified. One specimen showed evidence of healing and neovascularization at the interface zone between the vas deferens and the graft. At 12 weeks, grafts were further degraded but still present. Microscopic evaluation showed decreased inflammation. Seven specimens showed neovascularization at the interface zone; two of these showed distinct epithelialized vas deferens microcanals at the graft edges. One specimen showed a microcanal spanning the entire 0.5-cm graft. A time period of 8 weeks is not ample enough for vas deferens regeneration in the setting of a biodegradable PDLA graft; however, early evidence of re-growth was seen at 12 weeks. A longer healing time should permit further biodegradation of the graft, as well as re-growth and possible eventual reconnection of the vas deferens, allowing passage of sperm. These findings suggest a potential role for biodegradable grafts in the reconstruction ofvas deferens with long obstructed segments.

关键词： graft infertility male vas deferens

Outcomes of central hepatectomy versus extended hepatectomy

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2019年第3期18卷 249-254页

作者： Jenny Chan Luke Bradshaw Nezor Houli Laurence Weinberg Marcos V Perini Michael Fink Vijayaragavan Muralidharan Graham Starkey Robert jones Bao Zhong Wang christopher Christophi Mehrdad Nikfarjam Department of Surgery University of Melbourne Austin Health Heidelberg Melbourne Victoria Australia Department of Surgery University of Melbourne Northern Health Epping Victoria Australia Department of Anaesthesia University of Melbourne Austin Health Heidelberg Melbourne Victoria Australia

Background: Central hepatectomy(CH) is more difficult than extended hepatectomy(EH) and is associated with greater morbidity. In this modern era of liver management with aims to prevent posthepatectomy liver failure(PHLF), there is a need to assess outcomes of CH as a parenchyma-sparing procedure for centrally located liver tumors. Methods: A total of 178 major liver resections performed by specialist surgeons from two Australian tertiary institutions between June 2009 and March 2017 were reviewed. Eleven patients had CH and 24 had EH over this study period. Indications and perioperative outcomes were compared between the groups. Results: The main indication for performing CH was colorectal liver metastases. There was no perioperative mortality in the CH group and four(16.7%) in the EH group( P = 0.285). No group differences were found in median operative time [CH vs. EH: 450 min(290–840) vs. 523 min(310–860), P = 0.328], intraoperative blood loss [850 mL(40 0–150 0) vs. 650 mL(10 0–20 0 0), P = 0.746] or patients requiring intraoperative blood transfusion [1(9.1%) vs. 7(30.4%), P = 0.227]. There was a trend towards fewer hepatectomyspecific complications in the CH group [3(27.3%) vs. 13(54.2%), P = 0.167], including PHLF(CH vs. EH: 0 vs. 29.2%, P = 0.072). Median length of stay was similar between groups [CH vs. EH: 9 days(5–23) vs. 12 days(4–85), P = 0.244]. Conclusions: CH has equivalent postoperative outcomes to EH. There is a trend towards fewer hepatectomy-specific complications, including PHLF. In appropriate patients, CH may be considered as a safe parenchyma-sparing alternative to EH.

关键词： Central hepatectomy Mesohepatectomy Central bisectionectomy Central bisegmentectomy Extended hepatectomy

Development of innovative tools for investigation of nutrient-gut interaction

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2020年第25期26卷 3562-3576页

作者： Wei-Kun Huang Cong Xie Richard L Young Jiang-Bo Zhao Heike Ebendorff-Heidepriem Karen L jones christopher K Rayner Tong-Zhi Wu Adelaide Medical School Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Healththe University of AdelaideAdelaideSA 5005Australia Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing School of Physical SciencesUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideSA 5005Australia The ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics AdelaideSA 5005Australia Diabetes Nutrition and Gut HealthLifelong HealthSouth Australia Health and Medical Research InstituteAdelaideSA 5005Australia Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Royal Adelaide HospitalAdelaideSA 5000Australia Department of Endocrinology Zhongda HospitalInstitute of DiabetesSchool of MedicineSoutheast UniversityNanjing 210009Jiangsu ProvinceChina

The gastrointestinal tract is the key interface between the ingesta and the human *** is wide recognition that the gastrointestinal response to nutrients or bioactive compounds,particularly the secretion of numerous hormones,is critical to the regulation of appetite,body weight and blood *** concept has led to an increasing focus on“gut-based”strategies for the management of metabolic disorders,including type 2 diabetes and *** the underlying mechanisms and downstream effects of nutrient-gut interactions is fundamental to effective translation of this knowledge to clinical *** this end,an array of research tools and platforms have been developed to better understand the mechanisms of gut hormone secretion from enteroendocrine *** review discusses the evolution of in vitro and in vivo models and the integration of innovative techniques that will ultimately enable the development of novel therapies for metabolic diseases.

关键词： Nutrient-gut interaction Metabolic disorders Incretin hormones Enteroendocrine cells Enteroids Intestinal intubation Intestine-on-a-chip

Upper gastrointestinal function and glycemic control in diabetes mellitus

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第35期12卷 5611-5621页

作者： Reawika Chaikomin christopher K Rayner Karen L jones Michael Horowitz University of Adelaide Department of Medi-cine Royal Adelaide Hospital North Terrace Adelaide South Australia 5000 Australia

Recent evidence has highlighted the impact of glycemic control on the incidence and progression of diabetic micro- and macrovascular complications, and on cardiovascular risk in the non-diabetic population. Postprandial blood glucose concentrations make a major contribution to overall glycemic control, and are determined in part by upper gastrointestinal function. Conversely, poor glycemic control has an acute, reversible effect on gastrointestinal motility. Insights into the mechanisms by which the gut contributes to glycemia have given rise to a number of novel dietary and pharmacological strategies designed to lower postprandial blood glucose concentrations.

关键词：胃肠道功能糖尿病治疗病理