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In vacuo XPS investigation of surface engineering for lithium metal anodes with plasma treatment

Journal of Energy Chemistry 2022年第3期31卷 295-305,I0009页

作者： Bo Zhao Jin Li Maxime Guillaume Jolien Dendooven christophe Detavernier Department of Solid State Sciences COCOON Research GroupGhent UniversityKrijgslaan 281/S19000 GhentBelgium Solid State Battery Applicability Lab Research and InnovationSolvay SARue de Tansbeek 3101120 BrusselsBelgium

Lithium(Li)metal is an attractive anode material with high capacity(3860 mAh g^(−1))and low potential(−3.04 V *** hydrogen electrode)that shows highly promising for applications requiring high energy ***,the low electrochemical potential of Li metal makes it extremely reactive and inevitably forming a native oxidized layer in the ambient environment and repeatedly being consumed when exposed to liquid *** is therefore beneficial to replace the poorly controlled native passivation layer with a tailored artificial SEI to improve interface management between Li and electrolyte and enhance the stability of Li metal ***,we use an integrated glovebox-atomic layer deposition(ALD)-X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)setup to in-situ investigating the pristine Li surface and the surface composition after Ar,H_(2)O_(2),N_(2)and NH_(3)plasma treatment *** find that the pristine Li foil is naturally being covered with a native oxidized layer,which is mainly composed of LiOH,Li_(2)O and Li_(2)CO_(3).These investigated plasmas can efficiently remove the oxidized layer from the Li metal surface,in which metallic Li surface is obtained after Ar or H2 plasma treatments,where Ar plasma is more *** O_(2)plasma treatment produces a Li_(2)O layer,and N_(2)or NH_(3)plasma treatment leads to a Li3N(including a certain amount of LiON)layer on the Li *** employing the representative metallic Li(by Ar plasma treatment),Li_(2)O layer coated Li(by O_(2)plasma treatment)and Li3N layer coated Li(by N_(2)plasma treatment)foils as electrodes in symmetric Li metal batteries,the Li3N coated Li electrode exhibits much higher stability than that of metallic and Li_(2)O layer coated Li *** electrochemical performance has also been achieved in LiMn_(2)O_(4)(LMO)||Li full cells using Li anode with Li3N protective coating *** work reveals the detailed process of surface engineering of Li metal anodes with plasma treat

关键词： Plasma treatment In vacuo XPS Lithium metal anode Metallic Li Li_(2)O layer Li_(3)N layer

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Structural characteristics of electrohydrodynamic jets induced by a blade-plane actuator subjected to highly non-uniform electric fields:Parametric investigation through the particle image velocimetry techniques

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High Voltage 2023年第1期8卷 183-195页

作者： Zelu Yan christophe Louste Philippe Traoré Jian Wu Jian'an Fang Logistics Engineering College Shanghai Maritime UniversityShanghaiChina Institut PPRIME Universitéde PoitiersPoitiersFrance Key Laboratory of Aerospace Thermophysics School of Energy Science and EngineeringHarbin Institute of TechnologyHarbinChina College of Information Science and Technology Donghua UniversityShanghaiChina

This study set out to systematically investigate the structural characteristics of plane electrohydrodynamic jets through the particle image velocimetry(PIV)*** to the wide range of applied voltages and electrode gaps under various experimental conditions,an assessment of the image quality and a statistical analysis of the velocity fields are first performed to ensure the validity of the PIV measurements,which were originally applied purely to fluid *** results indicate that the time interval between two consecutive images should be pre-adjusted to reduce the number of uncorrelated vector ***,the minimum number of instantaneous fields should be achieved for an accurate calculation of the time-averaged *** equivalent electric field criterion adapted to the asymmetric electrode configuration is defined to find similarities in flow structures under different voltage and electrode gap *** the applied electric field increases,three injection regimes are identified and the current increases almost linearly,indicating a large conduction current *** decrease in charge density due to recombination proves to be relevant in all cases of this *** to the parametric analysis approach for classical jets and thermal plumes,the evolution of the coefficients of axial velocity,half-width and turbulence intensity are investigated.

关键词： plane particle blade

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Small-world networks of neuroblastoma cells cultured in three-dimensional polymeric scaffolds featuring multi-scale roughness

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Neural Regeneration Research 2020年第4期15卷 759-768页

作者： Valentina Onesto Angelo Accardo christophe Vieu Francesco Gentile Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Healthcare Italian Institute of TechnologyNaplesItaly Laboratoire d’Analyse et d’Architecture des Systemes(LAAS) Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueUniversite de ToulouseCNRSToulouseFrance Institut National des Sciences Appliquees–INSA ToulouseFrance Department of Electric Engineering and Information Technology University Federico IINaplesItaly Department of Precision and Microsystems Engineering Delft University of TechnologyMekelweg 22628 CD DelftThe Netherlands

Understanding the mechanisms underlying cell-surface interaction is of fundamental importance for the rational design of scaffolds aiming at tissue engineering,tissue repair and neural regeneration ***,we examined patterns of neuroblastoma cells cultured in three-dimensional polymeric scaffolds obtained by two-photon *** of the intrinsic resolution of the technique,the micrometric cylinders composing the scaffold have a lateral step size of^200 nm,a surface roughness of around 20 nm,and large values of fractal dimension approaching *** found that cells in the scaffold assemble into separate groups with many elements per *** cell wiring,we found that resulting networks exhibit high clustering,small path lengths,and small-world *** values of the topological characteristics of the network can potentially enhance the quality,quantity and density of information transported in the network compared to equivalent random graphs of the same *** is one of the first direct observations of cells developing into 3D small-world networks in an artificial matrix.

关键词： 3D networks biomaterials nano-topography network topology neuro-regeneration small-world networks tissue engineering two-photon lithography

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COVID-19 and flu:conserved or specific immune signature?

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2021年第2期18卷 245-246页

作者： christophe Paget François Trottein Centre d’Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires INSERM U1100Universitéde ToursFacultéde Médecine de Tours37000ToursFrance Centre d’Infection et d’Immunitéde Lille INSERM U1019CNRS UMR 9017Universitéde LilleCHU LilleUMS 2014-PLBSU1019Institut Pasteur de Lille59000LilleFrance

Respiratory viruses are a major cause of infectious disease and mortality *** respiratory viruses,emerging and well-known coronaviruses and influenza viruses cause seasonal epidemics and pandemics and rank as very important *** clinical signs of viral respiratory infections range from asymptomatic forms to life-threatening acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS,associated with a high mortality rate).Another reported cause of mortality is multiple organ *** ongoing pandemic of coronavirus disease 19(COVID-19,caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2))is a serious public health ***-CoV-2 infection induces to a clinical signature distinct from that associated with other types of pneumonia,and SARS-CoV-2 differs from influenza viruses with regard to target cells and replicative *** morbidity and mortality rates are higher for COVID-19 than for seasonal influenza.

关键词： mortality acute respiratory

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Canonical Workflow for Machine Learning Tasks

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Data Intelligence 2022年第2期4卷 173-185页

作者： christophe Blanchi Binyam Gebre Peter Wittenburg DONA Foundation C/O Universitede GeneveRuedu General-Dufour 241204 GeneveSwitzerland *** Papendorpseweg 1003528 BJ UtrechtThe Netherlands FDO Forum Gemeindweg 5547533 KleveGermany

There is a huge gap between(1)the state of workflow technology on the one hand and the practices in the many labs working with data driven methods on the other and(2)the awareness of the FAIR principles and the lack of changes in practices during the last 5 *** CWFR concept has been defined which is meant to combine these two intentions,increasing the use of workflow technology and improving FAIR *** the study described in this paper we indicate how this could be applied to machine learning which is now used by almost all research disciplines with the well-known effects of a huge lack of repeatability and *** will only change practices if they can work efficiently and are not loaded with additional tasks.A comprehensive CWFR framework would be an umbrella for all steps that need to be carried out to do machine learning on selected data collections and immediately create a comprehensive and FAIR compliant *** researcher is guided by such a framework and information once entered can easily be shared and *** many iterations normally required in machine learning can be dealt with efficiently using CWFR *** of components that can be easily orchestrated using FAIR Digital Objects as a common entity to document all actions and to exchange information between steps without the researcher needing to understand anything about PIDs and FDO details is probably the way to increase efficiency in repeating research *** the Galaxy project indicates,the availability of supporting tools will be important to let researchers use these *** as the Galaxy framework suggests,however,it would be necessary to include allsteps necessary for doing amachine learning task including those that require human interaction andtodocument all phases with the help of structured FDOs.

关键词： Workflow Machine learning Digital objects FAIR Datamanagement

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AnAll-Regime Lagrange-Projection Like Scheme for the Gas Dynamics Equations on Unstructured Meshes

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Communications in Computational Physics 2016年第6期20卷 188-233页

作者： christophe Chalons Mathieu Girardin Samuel Kokh LMV-UMR 8100 Univ.Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-YvelinesUFR des SciencesBatiment Fermat45 avenue des Etats-Unis78035 Versailles cedexFrance DEN/DANS/DM2S/STMF/LMEC CEA Saclay bat.454 PC 4791191 Gif sur Yvette CedexFrance LRC MANON Laboratoire de Recherche Conventionne CEA/DEN/DANS/DM2S and UPMC-CNRS/LJLL Maison de la Simulation USR 3441 Digiteo Labsbat.565PC 190CEA Saclay91191 Gif-sur-YvetteFrance DEN/DANS/DM2S/STMF CEA Saclay91191 Gif-sur-YvetteFrance

We propose an all regime Lagrange-Projection like numerical scheme for the gas dynamics *** all regime,we mean that the numerical scheme is able to compute accurate approximate solutions with an under-resolved discretization with respect to the Mach number M,*** that the ratio between the Mach number M and the mesh size or the time step is small with respect to *** key idea is to decouple acoustic and transport phenomenon and then alter the numerical flux in the acoustic approximation to obtain a uniform truncation error in term of *** modified scheme is conservative and endowed with good stability properties with respect to the positivity of the density and the internal energy.A discrete entropy inequality under a condition on the modification is obtained thanks to a reinterpretation of the modified scheme in the Harten Lax and van Leer formalism.A natural extension to multi-dimensional problems discretized over unstructured mesh is *** a simple and efficient semi implicit scheme is also *** resulting scheme is stable under a CFL condition driven by the(slow)material waves and not by the(fast)acoustic waves and so verifies the all regime *** evidences are proposed and show the ability of the scheme to deal with tests where the flow regime may vary from low to high Mach values.

关键词： Gas dynamics equations low-Mach regime finite volume schemes all-regime schemes Lagrange-Projection like schemes large time-steps

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Sperm limitation affects sex allocation in a parasitoid wasp Nasonia vitripennis

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Insect Science 2019年第5期26卷 853-862页

作者： Marlene Chirault christophe Bressac Marlene Goubault Charlotte Lecureuil Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de I'lnsecte UMR 7261 CNRS - Universite de ToursFaculte des Sciences et TechniquesParc GrandmontToursFrance

Insect reproduction is influenced by various external factors including temperature, a well-studied constraint. We investigated to what extent different levels of sperm limitation of males exposed to different heat stresses (34 and 36℃) afFect fem ales' offspring production and sex allocation in Nasonia vitripennis. In this haplodiploid parasitoid wasp attacking different species of pest flies, we investigated the effect of the quantity of sperm females received and stored in their spermatheca on their sperm use decisions, hence sex allocation, over successive ovipositions. In particular, we compared the sex allocation of females presenting three levels of sperm limitation (i.e.,mated with control, 34 ℃ heat-stressed or 36℃heat-stressed males) on each host they parasitized. To disentangle the potential reduction of sperm quality after a heat stress exposure from that of sperm quantity, we also explored the clutch size and sex ratio produced by fem ales that were partially sperm limited after copulating with multiply mated males. Independently of their sperm numbers, all types of fem ales produced a similar total number of offspring, but the more limited ones had fewer daughters. Sperm limitation further affected the distribution of daughters' production across *** addition to constraints acting on female physiology, male fertility should therefore be considered in studies measuring reproductive outputs of insects submitted to heat stresses.

关键词： heat stress multiple mating offspring production dynamic sex ratio sperm stock sperm use

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Delayed sexual maturity in males of Vespa velutina

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Insect Science 2018年第4期25卷 679-689页

作者： Juliette Poidatz christophe Bressac Olivier Bonnard Denis Thiery INRA UMR1065 Santé et Agroecologie du Vignoble ISVV Bordeaux Sciences Agro Villenave d'Omon France IRBI Universite Francois Rabelais UMR CNRS 7261 Tours France

Vespa velutina var nigrithorax （Lepelletier, 1835） is an invasive predator of bees accidentally introduced in France in 2004, and it is having a serious impact on apiculture and ecosystems. Studying the reproduction of an invasive species is key to assess its population dynamic. This study explores the sexual maturation of IT. velutina males and the evolution of their fertility. The main studied parameters were physiologic （spermiogenesis, spermatogenesis） and anatomic （testes size and structure, head width）. Two populations of males were described based on their emergence period： early males in early summer or classic males in autumn. Each testis has an average of 108 testicular follicles. Spermatogenesis is synchronous, with only 1 sperm production wave, and completed, on average, at 10.3 d after emergence with the degeneration of the testes. The sperm counts in seminal vesicles of mature males are 3 x 106 in October/November and 0.8 ~ 106 in June. In com- parison, females store 0.1 x 106 sperm in their spermathecae. The early males emerged from colonies made by fertilized queens. The reproductive potential of these early males seemed limited, and their fimction in the colony is discussed. The sperm stock evolution in autumn males suggests the occurrence of a reproductive pattern of male competition for the access to females and a single copulation per male. The synchronicity of male and foundress emergences and sexual maturation is of primary importance for the mating success and the future colony development.

关键词： male fertility seminal vesicles spermiogenesis sperm stock testis Vespidae yellow-legged hornet

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Impact of a Phosphate Amendment on the Environmental Availability and Phytoavailability of Cd and Pb in Moderately and Highly Carbonated Kitchen Garden Soils

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Pedosphere 2017年第3期27卷 588-605页

作者： christophe WATERLOT Christelle PRUVOT Franck MAROT Francis DOUAY Yncréa Hauts-de-France Laboratoire Génie Civil et géo Environnement (LGCgE) Agence De l’Environnement et de la Matrise de l’Energie (ADEME) Direction Villes et Territoires Durables Services Friches Urbaines et Sites Pollués

The behaviour of metals mainly depends on soil p H, carbonate contents and contamination level, which should be considered for the management of contaminated soils. In this study, kitchen garden topsoils(0–25 cm) were sampled from the area around three smelters in France, with different Cd and Pb contamination levels. Effect of a phosphate amendment(a mixture of diammonium phosphate and hydroxyapatite) on the environmental availability and phytoavailability of Cd and Pb was evaluated by different chemical extractions and cultivating lettuce(Lactuca sativa L.), respectively. Changes in the distribution of Cd and Pb were found in most contaminated soils after phosphate amendment. An increase of Cd and Pb in the residual phase was highlighted in almost all carbonated contaminated soils, whereas a decrease of Pb in the exchangeable, water and acid-soluble phase was observed in most contaminated soils with the lowest carbonate contents. The concentrations of extractable Cd and Pb using calcium chloride and acetic and citric acids generally decreased after the soil amendment. Lettuces grown on amended soils were acceptable for human consumption as regard to Pb concentration. In contrast, some lettuces were unacceptable for human consumption, since the concentrations of Cd in the leaves were higher than the European legislation limit. Surprisingly, in carbonated soils with very low concentration of Cd, the Cd concentrations in lettuce reached up to the European legislation limit, making the lettuce unacceptable for human *** study highlighted the fact that the total metal concentration in soils does not always allow to predict the metal accumulation in the edible parts of vegetables in order to make a judgement about their acceptability or unacceptability for human consumption.

关键词： chemical amendment contamination immobilisation lettuce metal urban soil

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Application of systems engineering for development of multifunctional metro systems:Case study on the fifth metro line of the Lyon metro,France

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Underground Space 2021年第1期6卷 24-34页

作者： Nicolas Ziv Andrea Kindinis Jeremie Simon christophe Gobin Universite Paris-Est Institut de Recherche en ConstructibiliteESTPF-94230 CachanFrance Egis Rail 170 Avenue ThiersF-69006 LyonFrance

Several studies,from both the private sector(McKinsey,Engie,and EY)and international organizations(OECD,World Bank,and IMF),have shown that urban population in cities will grow in the coming *** growth implies an increased pressure on all urban networks-transporting people,goods,water,waste,electricity,information,heat,and so *** functions are executed by urban infrastructures entailing huge *** have dedicated our research to the optimization of infrastructures and more precisely of metro systems to offer global solutions to fulfill city needs-the multifunctional *** innovative multifunctional metro system incorporates several other urban networks—optical fiber,high-voltage electric cables,water and sewage pipes,geothermal piles,pneumatic systems,merchandise shuttles,and many others depending on the context of each *** aim of the multifunctional metro is to meet several needs of cities with one common *** a function to a system increases its *** this reason,we focus our research on the application of methods that allow better management of the complexity:systems engineering applied to *** the first part of the paper,we will present a benchmark of multipurpose infrastructures across the world and the benefits of such a system for *** the second part,we will present and illustrate the concept of the multifunctional ***,we will present the method based on systems engineering to analyse multifunctional ***,the concept of a multifunctional metro is illustrated with a case study on the future fifth metro line of Lyon,*** conclusion,we will discuss the current barriers for the development of multifunctional infrastructures.

关键词： Multifunctionality Systems engineering Infrastructure Underground Metro

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